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Platform Dependency in the Big Tech Era: Lessons from Australian Facebook Blackout and Botswana Implications
Get PDFThe surge in social media usage for news consumption has led to a heightened reliance on these platforms for accessing information worldwide. In Botswana, Facebook has become one of the primary channels for news consumption, mirroring trends seen in various nations. However, the 2021 Australian Facebook conflict exposed the risks associated with over-reliance on such platforms for news dissemination. In this paper, we investigate the phenomenon of platform dependency, specifically examining the implications for Botswana, in the wake of the Australian Facebook news blackout. Employing a stratified sampling approach, data was gathered by tracking the volume of news posts shared across 51 selected Facebook pages throughout February 2021. The findings revealed a noteworthy trend, with an average of 5630 news items posted or shared on the platform within four weeks. This marked a growing reliance on Facebook-exclusive pages for news consumption, with minimal engagement observed on alternative websites. We argue that there is a precarious position of pages solely reliant on Facebook for news sharing, especially amidst escalating big data politics and regulatory measures that target Tech Giants. Consequently, these pages face an uncertain future, potentially hampering access to vital news reporting and information-sharing to the adaptive population. Currently, in Botswana, there is a notable dearth of academic exploration into the regulation of Big Tech and its potential repercussions for the nation. Thus, this study serves as a cornerstone in pursuing this significant area of inquiry
Netizens’ Discussions on Twitter Concerning Floods and Presidential Candidates
Get PDFThis qualitative study dives into social media debates about flood disasters in Jakarta, using Twitteras the significant inquiry medium. The primary goal is to discover new patterns of online social interactions, shed light on the concept of selective exposure, and rigorously chronicle the activities of critical actors in this digital network. We conducted the data gathering process on May 25, 2023, specifically focusing on the selected phrase "Banjir Jakarta." For a thorough study, NVivo 12 Plus compiled a significant dataset of 3,427 tweets. We divide the research findings into three distinct sections: the volume of conversations, the various categories of influencers involved, the prevailing sentiment and conversational tone of these influencers, and an exploration of the most frequently employed words in these discussions. This study highlights the significant impact of nanoinfluencers in these talks, accounting for the vast majority (93.70%) of participants. Furthermore, it emphasizes the active debate around the most likely presidential candidates for 2024. This speech had two prominent figures, Anies Baswedan and Ganjar Pranowo, who both elicited different tones and sentiments. Within this complex communication landscape, influencers emerge as crucial entities actively shaping public attitude and discourse, spanning news portals and individual social media profiles. Finally, this study highlights the enormous importance of social media, particularly Twitter, in shaping public awareness and driving political conversations, notably in crisis management and future presidential candidates
The Digital Agora Fights Back: Building Disinformation Resilience One Initiative at a Time
Get PDFCountering disinformation and challenging ideologically divisive social media tactics to protect electoral integrity requires innovative digitally driven changes within the public sphere. While there is growing scholarly interest in exploring novel ways of countering mis- and disinformation, research examining specific initiatives remains scarce. This article provides in-depth qualitative case studies of two successful collaborative civil society initiatives in the digital agora that used digital media to counter disinformation: (1) Comprova during Brazil’s presidential election and (2) the Transparent Referendum Initiative in Ireland’s 8th Amendment Referendum. As these cases demonstrate, fact-checking and debunking initiatives benefited from crowdsourcing. Crowdsourcing allowed these initiatives to counter disinformation while simultaneously building more knowledgeable, engaged, and empowered communities
Producing Power: Dennis Hume Wrong’s Perspective on Gender in Contemporary Indonesian Cinema
Get PDFThis article seeks to uncover some of the ramifications of Dennis Hume Wrong's perspective on power in contemporary Indonesian cinema. The cinema is considered as a discursive medium that comprises a series of relationships between the characters, according to this idea of power and gender relations. The targeted films are Ali & Ratu-Ratu Queens (2021), Generasi 90an: Melankolia (2020), dan Imperfect (2019). The three films were made as a screen adaptation of a literary plot in the drama-romance genre. The findings demonstrate that the power relations in the films are legitimized by two consequences: intended and unintended power. Intended power is legitimized by force, manipulation, persuasion, and authority. Meanwhile, the unintended power is legitimized via a process in which power domination is implicitly assumed because everyone is aware of their position. Through these power relations, gender is conceived as a fluid and unstable notion in contemporary Indonesian cinema. The male and female binary is constructed by the flexibility and hybridity of gender identity, which dictates how they should act, feel, and function in society. Women already have an equal bargaining position with men, particularly in the workplace, yet the stereotype of femininity persists due to Indonesian society's belief in ideal gender rather than the modern mainstream of feminism's practice of new stereotypes
Towards Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): The Impact of Debts on Income Inequality in Africa
Get PDFThe Agenda for Sustainable Development provides a framework for the creation of a better and sustainable future for all. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) focus on addressing global challenges, including income inequality. Among others, the SDGs also commit countries to work towards reducing income inequality and as such, lowering income inequality is one of the key issues in Africa. However, given the high levels of debt on the continent, reducing income inequality could be a challenge. Majority of the literature examines the link between debts and economic growth with little attention paid to the impact of debts on income inequality. Moreover, not much is known on whether the relationship between debt and income inequality is non–linear. This study therefore contributes to the existing research efforts by investigating the threshold effects of debts using data from 24 African countries by relying on the sample splitting and threshold estimation approach. The results reveal that, while debts generally dampen income inequality, unbridled debt accumulation above the estimated thresholds does not decrease income inequality, indicating that the income inequality–reducing impact holds at lower levels of debt–to–GDP ratio. This evidence is insensitive to different indicators of income inequality and debts. Findings from this study show how increasing indebtedness contributes to widening income inequality in Africa
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Education and Training Studies, Vol. 13, No. 1
Get PDFJournal of Education and Training Studies (JETS) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether JETS publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue.Reviewers for Volume 13, Number 1 Alphonce John Amuli, ADEM, TanzaniaCarlos Sanz, Cardiff University, UKChosang Tendhar, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, USAEbenezer Kofi Enninful, Takoradi Technical University, GhanaEbrahim Mohammadpour, Farhangian University , IranHelena Reis, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, PortugalJacinthe Rihan, Ain Shams University, EgyptJane Liang, California Department of Education, USAJoel Maligaya Cuadra, NU Laguna, PhilippinesJohn Mark Asio, Gordon College, PhilippinesJonathan Chitiyo, University of Pittsburgh Bradford, USAJulio Cesar André, Center for Studies and Development of Health Education-CEDES, BrazilKun Yu, Universiti Putra Malaysia, ChinaLinda J. Rappel, Yorkville University/University of Calgary, CanadaLisa Marie Portugal, American College of Education, USAMeral Seker, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, TurkeyNiveen M. Zayed, MENA College of Management, JordanRichard Penny, University of Washington Bothell, USAShanita L. Pettaway, University of South Alabama, USA Robert SmithEditorial AssistantOn behalf of, The Editorial Board of Journal of Education and Training StudiesRedfame Publishing9450 SW Gemini Dr. #99416Beaverton, OR 97008, USAE-mail: [email protected]: http://jets.redfame.co
Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Journal of Social Science Studies, Vol. 12, No. 6
No full textInternational Journal of Social Science Studies (IJSSS) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether IJSSS publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue.Reviewers for Volume 12, Number 6Encarnación ABAD ARENAS, National University of Distance Education (UNED), SpainFahri ÖZSUNGUR, Adana Science and Technology University, TurkeyKun Yu, Universiti Putra Malaysia, ChinaMei-Ling Lin, National Open University, TaiwanSana Ali, Allama Iqbal Open University, Pakistan, and Birmingham City University, United Kingdom, PakistanWEILONG Li, ASCENTGENE INC, USA James YoungEditorial AssistantOn behalf of,The Editorial Board of International Journal of Social Science StudiesRedfame Publishing9450 SW Gemini Dr. #99416Beaverton, OR 97008, USAURL: http://ijsss.redfame.co
The Coffee Index: Using Everyday Consumer Goods to Dispel Perceived Inflation
Get PDFPerceived Inflation is a term used in behavioral economics to address the public's hypersensitivity to their local and national economies, often believing the inflation rates are higher than they actually are. Mass pattern thinking like this can be dangerous to markets, resulting in panic both in consumer purchasing and policymaking both. With the political stage being in a state of constant flux and turbulence both domestically and abroad, dispelling perceived inflation should be a prime directive of financial education given to the public and policymakers alike. This study aims to dispel the idea of perceived inflation existing in the particular local market of Cincinnati, Ohio using one of the most frequently traded goods in the United States as an indicator of actual inflation, coffee. From a sample of 50 of Cincinnati’s independently owned coffee establishments, we collected 2020 & 2024 prices for two particular products, the house coffee, and the house cappuccino, and used regression analysis to show a positive effect on the current prices from those in 2020. We also show the annualized rate of inflation for both products being a suitable indicator of actual inflation in the local market, leading to the result that coffee is a good predictor of local market inflation, as it is priced in accordance with actual, rather than perceived inflation
The Paradigm Shift in Education in Big Data Era: Exploring the Intersection of Historical Assessment Frameworks and AI-Powered Assessment Methods in Education
Get PDFThis paper delves into the dynamic intersection between traditional assessment processes and AI-powered technology assessment models within the expansive landscape of the big data era. Tracing the origins of large-scale standardized testing, from Francis Galton's pioneering intelligence testing proposals to the subsequent development of norm-referenced testing (NRT) by Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon, the historical trajectory underscores the evolution towards authentic assessment paradigms such as computerized adaptive testing (CAT) and performance-based assessment (PBA). These shifts reflect a broader aim of equipping educators with tools to measure student learning effectively and foster continuous learning beyond the confines of the classroom. However, despite the proliferation of methods integrating big data and AI technologies in educational settings, a discernible gap persists between technological capabilities and their practical implementation in education, notably in the realm of student assessment and evaluation. This gap highlights challenges in enhancing assessment accuracy and reliability, evaluating non-cognitive skills, and delivering personalized feedback. The introduction of AI-powered technologies like ChatGPT raises ethical considerations regarding fairness, privacy, and bias, necessitating responsible and equitable deployment.This paper addresses fundamental research questions concerning the historical influences on assessment frameworks, the role of AI-powered technology in driving paradigm shifts, and the ethical considerations surrounding its application. Through a comprehensive literature review, it explores the potential of AI technology to enhance assessment accuracy and reliability while advocating for its responsible use. Despite the challenges posed by traditional assessment processes and AI-powered technology assessment models, educators continually strive to improve student learning and readiness for lifelong learning.By celebrating the invaluable contributions of educators, we can shift the narrative surrounding assessment practices towards a more positive and supportive environment, fostering ethical and innovative uses of AI-powered technology. This celebration serves as inspiration for future research and development in assessment, emphasizing the importance of building upon educators’ innovative practices to shape the future of assessment in the big data era
The Roles of Social Media and Traditional News Media in Promoting Government Responsiveness in Social Incidents
Get PDFSocial media is considered to play an important role in promoting government responsiveness. However, it is impossible for the government to respond to all issues in the actual situation. Especially when encountering controversial social incidents, the local government usually evades responsibility due to damage to reputation or interests. This paper argues that when a controversial social incident occurs in China, the traditional news media will work with social media to encourage the local government to respond. Three cases are selected according to the hot discussion index of Sina Weibo, China's largest social media platform for multiple-case studies. 21 participants were interviewed to explore the function of social media and traditional news media during the process of government responsiveness. The results showed that traditional news media played the role of professionalism, supervision, and broker to develop social incidents. And social media took the information aggregation part in most situations. Social media and traditional news media work together to promote the local government to make government responsiveness active