Fair East Publishers: E-Journals
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Evaluating the impact of health informatics on patient care and outcomes: A detailed review
No full textHealth informatics, the application of information technology to healthcare, has witnessed unprecedented growth and adoption in recent years. This detailed review delves into the comprehensive landscape of health informatics, focusing on its impact on patient care and outcomes. The paper provides a nuanced exploration of the foundations of health informatics, assesses its influence on clinical practices, and examines its implications for patient safety, quality of care, and continuous improvement in healthcare delivery. Foundational components, including electronic health records (EHR), health information exchange (HIE), and data analytics, form the basis for understanding how health informatics has become integral to modern healthcare systems. The review scrutinizes how these technologies enhance care coordination, improve diagnosis and treatment, and empower patients to actively engage in their health management. A critical analysis is presented on how health informatics contributes to patient safety by reducing medication errors, supporting clinical decision-making, and facilitating continuous quality improvement initiatives. The challenges associated with the implementation of health informatics, such as privacy concerns, interoperability issues, and resistance to technological adoption, are thoroughly examined to provide a comprehensive view of the current landscape. Looking towards the future, the review explores emerging trends and innovations, including the integration of artificial intelligence, patient-centric informatics solutions, and efforts to address health disparities through technology. The paper also outlines evaluative methodologies, incorporating quantitative assessments, qualitative studies, and real-world impact analyses to measure the effectiveness of health informatics on patient care and outcomes. This detailed review synthesizes key findings, underscores the transformative impact of health informatics on healthcare delivery, and outlines implications for future research and practice. By navigating challenges and leveraging emerging technologies, the healthcare community can harness the full potential of health informatics to enhance patient care, improve health outcomes, and contribute to the continual advancement of the healthcare ecosystem.
Keywords: Health, Informatic, Patient, Care, Outcomes
ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE AND EMPLOYEE WORK RELATED STRESS: EVIDENCE FROM CONSUMER GOODS INDUSTRY IN NIGERIA
No full textThis study aimed at to investigate the effects of organizational change on employee work related stress in the Nigeria Consumer Good Industry. The study adopted one specific objectives, research question and one research hypotheses. The study adopted survey research design method. The study used organizational support theory, The population of the study consists of one hundred (100) respondents. A random sample was used to select 38 employees and 62 employers. Questionnaire was the major instrument used for the study. Data collected was analyzed with mean and standard deviation, while t-test was used for test of hypotheses. The findingshows that work related stress that affects employee’s level of productivities of organization in Nigeria. It concluded that managers working in organizations are expected to motivate their workers in order to reduce stress from them. It is recommended those employees are encourage to avoid work-related stress that affect their commitment toward organizational change during production of consumers goods.
Keywords: Organization, Change, Employment, Work Related, Stress,Evidence, Consumer, Goods, Industry, Nigeria
CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOUR AND ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE: A REVIEW OF EXTANT LITERATURE
No full textThe study examined the between citizenship behaviour and organizational performance using a review of an extant literature. The specific objectives were to: examine the relationship between altruism and organizational performance; assess the relationship between conscientiousness and organizational performance; and ascertain the relationship between courtesy and organizational performance. The research made us of extant literature from various authors, the study revealed that altruism, conscientiousness and courtesy have positive relationships with organizational performance. The study concludes that that organisational citizenship activities increase organization’s performance, it is crucial to comprehend the processes that underlie these behaviours. The study advised that organisations should encourage employees to adopt good citizenship practises in order to foster a sense of commitment among staff members. Employees' desire to contribute can be sparked by psychological attachment, thus the company should instill a sense of ownership in them.
Keywords: Citizenship Behaviou Altruism, Conscientiousness, Courtesy and Organizational
Performance
REDEFINING THE CONSTRUCT OF CUSTOMER SATISFACTION IN A MARKETING PERSPECTIVE
No full textThe purpose of this research is to redefine the construct of customer satisfaction in a marketing perspectives. This research relies on qualitative approach and it is characterized by a comprehensive systematic literature review, and a thorough documentary analysis on the construct of customer satisfaction. The findings imply that there should be a consideration of customer satisfaction by marketers and other industry players. Customer satisfaction should be highly valued in marketing strategic decisions for companies to be competitive and performant. To the best of the author’s knowledge, this research reveals how marketers and industry players should understand customer satisfaction and how it is important for companies’ success.
Keywords: Customer Satisfaction, Marketing, Industry players, Companies
REVIEW OF BIG DATA IN FMCG SUPPLY CHAINS: U.S. COMPANY STRATEGIES AND APPLICATIONS FOR THE AFRICAN MARKET
No full textThis review explores the strategic utilization of Big Data in Fast-Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) supply chains, shedding light on the approaches adopted by U.S. companies and the potential applications for the evolving African market. As technology transforms the landscape of supply chain management, U.S. companies are at the forefront of leveraging Big Data analytics to optimize efficiency, enhance visibility, and respond dynamically to consumer demands. The analysis delves into the specific strategies employed by U.S. FMCG companies, ranging from predictive analytics for demand forecasting to real-time tracking for logistics optimization. Furthermore, the review investigates the adaptability and relevance of these strategies to the unique challenges and opportunities presented by the African market. The exploration of successful case studies, challenges, and potential solutions provides valuable insights for both U.S. companies seeking to expand into Africa and local businesses aiming to harness the power of Big Data for improved FMCG supply chain management. The findings contribute to the ongoing discourse on the intersection of technology, global supply chains, and the transformative potential of Big Data in shaping the future of FMCG distribution across continents.
Keywords: Big Data, Fast-Moving Consumer Goods, Analytics, Supply Chain Optimization, Demand Forecasting, Consumer-Centric, Data Security, Ethical Considerations
SUPPLY CHAIN INTEGRATION IN MANUFACTURING: A COMPARATIVE REVIEW OF USA AND AFRICAN INDUSTRIES
No full textSupply chain integration is a critical aspect of modern manufacturing, playing a pivotal role in enhancing efficiency, reducing costs, and improving overall performance. This paper provides a comparative review of supply chain integration in manufacturing between the United States (USA) and African industries. The study aims to shed light on the similarities, differences, and potential areas for improvement in both regions. In the USA, manufacturing industries have long embraced advanced technologies and adopted sophisticated supply chain management practices. The integration of information systems, automation, and real-time data analytics has enabled seamless coordination among various supply chain elements, from raw material procurement to final product delivery. Collaboration between manufacturers, suppliers, and distributors has been a hallmark of the American supply chain, facilitating quick response to market changes and reducing lead times. Contrastingly, African industries face unique challenges in achieving similar levels of supply chain integration. Factors such as infrastructure limitations, regulatory hurdles, and varying levels of technological adoption contribute to a more fragmented supply chain landscape. However, recent years have witnessed a growing awareness of the importance of supply chain integration in enhancing competitiveness, prompting initiatives and investments to overcome these challenges. Despite these disparities, both regions share common goals of improving supply chain visibility, responsiveness, and resilience. The study explores successful strategies implemented by the USA and identifies potential lessons that can be applied in the African context. For instance, best practices in the utilization of digital technologies, collaborative platforms, and lean manufacturing principles are examined to provide actionable insights for enhancing supply chain integration in African industries. This comparative review highlights the critical role of supply chain integration in manufacturing and draws attention to the distinct challenges and opportunities faced by the USA and African industries. By understanding the best practices and lessons learned from each region, stakeholders can develop targeted interventions to enhance supply chain integration, fostering sustainable growth and competitiveness in both contexts.
Keywords: Supply Chain, Manufacturing, USA, Africa, Review
REVIEWING THE ETHICAL IMPLICATIONS OF AI IN DECISION MAKING PROCESSES
No full textArtificial Intelligence (AI) has rapidly become an integral part of decision-making processes across various industries, revolutionizing the way choices are made. This Review delves into the ethical considerations associated with the use of AI in decision-making, exploring the implications of algorithms, automation, and machine learning. The incorporation of AI in decision-making introduces a myriad of ethical concerns that demand careful scrutiny. The opacity of algorithms raises questions about transparency, accountability, and bias. Decision-making processes driven by AI can be complex and difficult to interpret, leading to challenges in understanding how and why specific choices are made. As a result, ethical concerns emerge regarding the potential lack of transparency and accountability, especially when these decisions impact individuals or societal groups. Bias in AI algorithms poses a critical ethical challenge. Machine learning models learn from historical data, and if that data is biased, the AI system may perpetuate and even exacerbate existing biases. Addressing this challenge requires meticulous examination of training data, algorithmic design, and ongoing monitoring to ensure fairness and mitigate discrimination. The increased reliance on AI in decision-making processes also raises concerns about accountability and responsibility. When AI systems make decisions, determining who is ultimately responsible for those decisions becomes a complex ethical issue. Establishing a framework for accountability is crucial to ensure that individuals, organizations, and developers share responsibility for the outcomes of AI-driven decisions. Moreover, ethical considerations extend to the broader societal impact of AI in decision-making. Issues such as job displacement, economic inequality, and the potential concentration of power in the hands of a few require careful ethical examination. Striking a balance between technological advancement and social responsibility is paramount to ensuring that AI benefits society as a whole. In conclusion, this review highlights the ethical implications of integrating AI into decision-making processes. It underscores the need for transparency, fairness, and accountability to address concerns related to bias, responsibility, and the broader societal impact of AI-driven decisions. Ethical frameworks must evolve alongside technological advancements to foster a responsible and equitable integration of AI in decision-making processes.
Keywords: Ethical, Implications, AI, Decision Making, Process
DIGITAL COMMUNICATION AND U.S. ECONOMIC GROWTH: A COMPREHENSIVE EXPLORATION OF TECHNOLOGY'S IMPACT ON ECONOMIC ADVANCEMENT
No full textThis review examines the intricate relationship between digital communication and economic growth in the United States, providing a systematic synthesis of the literature on the subject. With the advent of the digital age, communication technologies have become a fundamental component of economic development, influencing various aspects of productivity, employment, and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth. This paper explores the evolution of digital communication, from the internet and mobile technology to cutting-edge developments such as artificial intelligence and the Internet of Things (IoT), and their corresponding impact on the U.S. economy. The review delves into sector-specific analyses, assessing how digital advancements have revolutionized industries like manufacturing, services, and finance. It also addresses the challenges and opportunities that digital communication presents, including the digital divide, cybersecurity threats, and the implications for policy-making. Through a comprehensive examination of empirical studies, theoretical frameworks, and policy implications, this review highlights the significant role of digital communication in shaping economic trends and outlines potential directions for future research. The findings suggest that digital communication not only serves as a driver of economic efficiency and innovation but also poses new challenges that require adaptive and forward-thinking policy responses. The review concludes by emphasizing the need for continued research to navigate the complexities of digital communication in fostering sustainable economic growth.
Keywords: Digital Communication, Economic Growth, United States, Technological Innovation
CYBERSECURITY CHALLENGES IN SMART CITIES: A CASE REVIEW OF AFRICAN METROPOLISES
No full textThe rapid urbanization and digital transformation of cities across Africa have given rise to the concept of Smart Cities, where advanced technologies are integrated to enhance efficiency, sustainability, and the overall quality of urban life. However, this paradigm shift towards interconnected and technology-driven urban environments brings forth a host of cybersecurity challenges that demand careful consideration. This paper explores the cybersecurity challenges in Smart Cities, focusing on a case review of African metropolises. African cities, emblematic of the global urbanization trend, are embracing Smart City initiatives to address urban challenges and foster economic development. While these initiatives promise improved services and enhanced connectivity, they concurrently expose cities to a myriad of cybersecurity threats. The interconnectedness of devices and systems in Smart Cities creates a vast attack surface, making them susceptible to cyber-attacks ranging from data breaches to infrastructure disruptions. This case review delves into specific instances of cybersecurity challenges faced by African metropolises in their quest for technological advancement. It analyzes the vulnerabilities in critical infrastructure, such as energy grids, transportation systems, and healthcare networks, highlighting the potential risks associated with inadequate cybersecurity measures. Moreover, the paper sheds light on the socio-economic implications of cyber threats in Smart Cities, emphasizing the importance of resilient cybersecurity frameworks in safeguarding citizen data and urban functionality. In conclusion, the paper underscores the urgent need for comprehensive cybersecurity strategies tailored to the unique challenges faced by Smart Cities in Africa. The findings aim to contribute to a better understanding of the intricate relationship between urbanization, technology, and cybersecurity, offering insights that can inform policy decisions, technological implementations, and collaborative efforts to build secure and resilient Smart Cities in the African context.
Keywords: Cybersecurity, Smart Cities, Africa, Metropolis, Review
THE ROLE OF PHARMACISTS IN PERSONALISED MEDICINE: A REVIEW OF INTEGRATING PHARMACOGENOMICS INTO CLINICAL PRACTICE
No full textThis paper explores the transformative role of pharmacists in integrating pharmacogenomics into clinical practice. Pharmacogenomics, the study of genetic influences on drug response, presents an unprecedented opportunity to personalise medication management. The pharmacist's role has evolved from medication dispensing to becoming crucial in interpreting and applying genomic data for optimised therapeutic outcomes. We delve into the foundations of pharmacogenomics, historical milestones, and its applications in clinical practice. The pharmacist's responsibilities include interpreting genetic data, collaborating with healthcare providers, counselling patients, and integrating pharmacogenomics into Medication Therapy Management. Challenges, such as ethical considerations and legal frameworks, are navigated to ensure responsible genomic practice. Education emerges as a cornerstone, with recommendations to enhance genomic literacy through comprehensive educational programs. Ethical considerations highlight the importance of informed consent, privacy safeguards, and equitable access to pharmacogenomic information. The future of pharmacogenomics in pharmacy practice relies on interdisciplinary collaboration, continuous education, and ethical adherence, positioning pharmacists as integral contributors to the personalised medicine landscape.
Keywords: Pharmacogenomics, Personalised Medicine, Pharmacy Practice, Genomic Literacy, Interdisciplinary Collaboration