International Archives of Medicine (E-Journal)
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Evaluation of Oral Hygiene in Patients with Visual Disabilities
Get PDFIntroduction: Patients with visual impairment present greater difficulty in achieving adequate oral hygiene due to restricted eyesight. Therefore, oral hygiene motivation and instruction methods should be adapted to these patients to understand the importance of bacterial plaque control, both for the health of dental tissues and periodontal tissues
Objective: The objective of the present study was to compare the plaque index (PI) of patients with and without visual impairment before and after the institution of oral hygiene instructions through a Randomized Clinical Trial. Twenty patients with visual impairment (Group 1) from the Instituto dos Cegos and 20 without visual impairment (Group 2) from the ASCES Periodontia Clinic were selected. Data were collected through the IP of O'Leary and reevaluated every 21 days for four sessions.
Results: in both groups, the mean of PI decreased with the time of evaluation, with a significant difference between the evaluations (p <0.001). Group 1 had a mean PI higher than group 2 only in the fourth evaluation, but there was no significant difference (p> 0.05). As for the mean of the PI assessments, group 2 presented a mean higher than group 1, but without significant difference (p> 0.05).
Conclusion: The study therefore suggests that there is no difference in PI in patients with or without visual impairment, and that the guidelines stimulate and motivate an improvement in oral hygiene conditions
The Irritating Effects Of Exposure To Formaldehyde In User Students Of The Human Anatomy Laboratory
No full textFormaldehyde (FA) is commonly used in cadaver fixation for years. FA vapors are released during the dissection process and macroscopic study of preserved anatomical pieces, raising their concentration in the Anatomy laboratory, causing greater exposure for students and teachers. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate toxic reactions in 37 students, through a questionnaire, produced by exposure to FA used for preservation of cadaveric material used in Anatomy, Morphofunctional Department, Faculdades Integradas de Patos (FIP), Brazil. Of the 37 interviewees, 26 (70.3%) were affected by the unpleasant and irritating smell of FA, 10 (27%) had no problems, and 1 (2.7%) did not tolerate an irritation produced by FA, not participating in the laboratory practical classes. Exposure to FA was followed by several symptoms: excessive lacrimation (54%), itchy eyes (48.5%), redness of the eyes (40.6%), coryza or congested nose (35.2%) and respiratory distress (29.7%), with persistent symptoms during the permanence in the laboratory for 32.5% of the students. All students wear a lab coat for individual protection. However, only 8% used mascara and did not wear glasses, increasing the risk of contamination. Medical schools should encourage the use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) for the manipulation of FA, ensuring the protection of students and teachers in the Anatomy laboratory. Besides finding alternatives for the replacement of FA in the conservation of corpses
Possibilities And Limitations In The Implementation Of The Policy For Men's Health In Primary Care
No full textObjective: Investigate the possibilities and limitations to implement the National Policy for Integrated Healthcare in Human Primary João Pessoa - Paraíba.
Method: An exploratory study with a qualitative approach using semi-structured interviews. Data were collected from September 2010 to February 2011. The study subjects were 12 nurses who engage in Integrated Health Units in João Pessoa-Paraíba.
Results: In the treatment of the results we used the Content Analysis of Bardin. All respondents were female, aged 28-43 years, operating time of 7-12 years and most have expertise. The research affirms the occurrence of major deficits in the perception of health professionals regarding the implementation of the policy. Conclusion: The limits revealed require actions by users, professionals and management, so that policy becomes a reality in everyday primary care.
Descriptors: Primary Health Care; Health Policy; Men's Health. Nursing
What Are The Benefits In The Association Of SGLT2 Inhibitors And Other Drugs?
No full textThe SGLT2 inhibitors are a class of drugs that blocks the sodium-glucose co-transport, which is responsible for 90% of the nephron glucose. Objective: To show the benefits of the SGLT2 inhibitors in monotherapy and in association with other drugs. Results: The association of SGLT2 inhibitors and other drugs has shown several additional benefits after their interaction, including weight loss, reduction of body fat, reduction of triglycerides level, decrease of glycated hemoglobin, decrease in postprandial glucose level, reduction of arterial pressure, decrease of hypoglycemia risk and improvement of glucose metabolism. Therefore, this is a promising interaction for type 2 diabetes
A Look at the Practice of Risk Classification: Integrative Review
No full textIntroduction: the increase in the number of patients in emergency services / emergency brought the need for screening / risk classification as a way to organize the urgency and emergency care in the health institutions.
Objectives: know how to develop the risk classification practice in the Brazilian reality using the scientific production, the insertion of nurses in risk classification using the Brazilian scientific production.
Methods: an integrative review was carried out, the data occurred during September 2015 in the following databases: Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (Medline), and the Latin American and Caribbean System of Information on Health Sciences (LILACS) "GOOGLE SCHOLAR."
Results: it found 9,874 articles and selected 33 for analysis. The results were organized in 04 categories: Risk classification as assistance qualifier; risk classification’s organization; operation weaknesses of the risk classification and nurse's role in risk classification.
Conclusion: We conclude that the risk classification qualifies the assistance in emergency services; there are many difficulties for the risk classification’s operation and the nurse has been established as a professional with technical and legal competence to perform the risk classification.
 
Safe Surgery Used by Nurses: Homology the World Health Organization
Get PDFObjective: Investigate whether the Surgical Safety Checklist - LVCS, used by nurses in the Surgical Center is correlated with what is recommended by the World Health Organization.
Method: Descriptive exploratory study of quantitative-qualitative approach with 10 nurses, using questionnaire and form. CEP/HULW, CAAE: 55252216.0.0000.5183.
Results: LVCS meets patient needs, but is not being used properly due to difficulties during its application. It was highlighted the importance of training and training about this protocol.
Discussion: The LVCS is the responsibility of the team, requiring multiprofessional work during its application to avoid errors. Thus, continuing education is the tool for the implementation of training.
Conclusion: The LVCS is in line with what the WHO recommends, however, nurses record in the medical record the information of the actions that they develop, but affirm that the responsibility of the registry is of all the professionals and that the nursing, medical and anesthetic team, in spite of developing their actions, does not intend to contribute in the aspects related to the items contained in the LVCS that correspond to their activities, causing a loss in obtaining reliable data.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3823/231
Protocol for the ostomized person in the trans-hospital and outpatient period: Integrative Review
Get PDFObjective: To review the literature about the application of the evidence-based protocol concept for clinical assessment and interventions in nursing consultation to ostomized people.
Method: integrative review to increase the knowledge about stomata. A search was made in the databases BIREME, CINAHL, SCOPUS, WEB OF SCIENCE and PUBMED with descriptors Ostomy OR Colostomy OR Colonic Pouches OR Surgical Stomata OR Colorectal Neoplasms OR Colorectal Cancer AND Protocols. It was selected 21 articles in the period of 2011-2015.
Results: The articles were systematized into five categories: quality of life, nursing assistance, protocols, complications and surgery. The categories are complementary and demonstrate a work carried out by a multiprofessional team.
Conclusion: the themes analysis made it possible to identify the need for expansion in research that addresses specific aspects such as teaching strategies in the levels of assistance in the trans-operative, postoperative and in the outpatient phase in nursing consultations
Anastomosis Between Ulnar And Radial Nerve: A Cadaveric Study
Get PDFBackground: Brachial plexus variations are not rare. Variations in its terminal branches in the arm or forearm are frequently reported. Communications between branches of the brachial plexus are also not uncommon findings; however there is very little mention of communication between the radial and ulnar nerves in the literature. In view of this significance is performed this study with the purpose to determine any communications of radial nerve with neighboring peripheral nerves at level of axilla, arm, forearm.
Methods and Findings: A total of 17 cadavers with different age groups were used for this study. The upper limbs region (34 sides) were dissected carefully and photographed in the Morphology Laboratory at the University of Pamplona. Of the 34 upper limbs studied 33 showed normal morphology, the course and branching patterns of the nerves was normal (97.06%). In 1 specimen in the left forearm (2.94%), the radial and ulnar nerves were dissected and communicating branches were observed originating near the upper third in the posterior aspect of the forearm traveling from the ulnar to the radial nerve. The communicating branch was approximately 5.84 cm long and 1.73 mm in diameter. This anastomotic branch is an unusual anastomosis, no described in the literature between radial and ulnar nerve in forearm. Knowledge on the variant pattern of peripheral nerves is imperative not only for the surgeons, but also for the radiologists during image technology and MRI interpretations and for the anesthesiologists before administering anesthetic agents thus in diagnostic approaches.
Conclusions: Lack of understanding of these variations can also confound the assessment of the severity of nerve injury as well as recovery. Awareness of such anatomical variations is very important in order to proper diagnosis of sensorimotor symptoms
Epidemiological Profile Of Vascular Encephalic Accident (VEA) Victims Hospitalized In A Regional Hospital Of Paraíba, Brazil
Get PDFIntroduction: Responsible for a high mortality rate and for causing numerous sequels in the general population, stroke arises from a deficiency in cerebral oxygen supply, commonly caused by obstruction of the arteries or extravasation of blood for the tissue. Genetic factors, style and quality of life are factors directly related to the incidence of stroke and its numerous hospitalizations.
Objective: The study aimed to describe the epidemiological profile of hospitalized patients after clinical diagnosis of stroke.
Methodology: This is a retrospective study, with a quantitative approach, carried out through the analysis of 252 medical records of patients hospitalized in the Medical Clinic and in the Mixed Stroke Unit of the Deputado Janduhy Carneiro Regional Hospital, in the municipality of Patos - PB, in the period of January 1 to December 31 2015. All medical records of patients affected by stroke in 2015 were included; internal with clinical diagnosis of stroke; Computed Tomography of Skull; Neurologist's evaluation; and readable handwriting. Data were collected using a questionnaire with objective questions, including variables related to the objective of study. They were submitted to simple statistical analysis and later, discussed and related to the literature from the reading and the comprehension of the researchers.
Results: It was observed that the affected victim is woman, over 70 years of age, brown, living in an urban area and retired. The most frequent etiology of the stroke is of the ischemic type, being able to notice preexisting diseases in the patients, such as Arterial Hypertension and Heart diseases. 42% of patients were discharged after treatment in less than 15 days (78%). By causing many deaths and disabilities, bringing not only human, but social and financial damage to the health and social security system.
Conclusion: More and more studies are needed to diagnose the causes of stroke, consequences and possible decisions that attenuate this problem.
Keywords: Vascular Encephalic Accident. Hospitalization. Prognosis
Evaluation of Learning and Competence in the Training of Nurses
Get PDFIntroduction: health education becomes a more complex process, since it aims to ensure the training of professionals with the knowledge, skills, attitudes and values necessary for their performance, requiring the adoption of strategies that allow the integral evaluation of these competences.
Objective: analyze the scientific evidence about the evaluation of learning and competence in undergraduate nursing education.
Method: integrative literature review with online search in LILACS, MEDLINE, Web of Science, SCOPUS and CINAHL databases, using these descriptors: Competence Based Education, Nursing Education, Learning and Assessment.
Results: the 18 articles analyzed, based on a synthesis and critical analysis, allowed the identification of the following thematic categories: concept of competence; essential competences to the training of nurses; learning strategies; and evaluation. It was evidenced that, despite the polysemy around the term competence, the concept presented more similarities than differences. The nursing competencies identified are similar to those recommended by the National Curriculum Guidelines, emphasizing learning strategies in simulated settings and doubts about methods and the construction of evaluation tools. Conclusions: the evaluation of learning and competence continues to be a challenge for nursing educators and it is recognized that there are difficulties in this process. In this sense, it seems necessary to develop reliable evaluation tools, based on criteria and indicators, that can verify the performance of the student in action and their earliest possible approximation to real learning scenarios.
Keywords: Competency-Based Education. Education. Nursing. Learning. Evaluation