UIN (Universitas Islam Negeri) Sunan Kalijaga, Yogyakarta: E-Journal Fakultas Syariah dan Ilmu Hukum
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Striking a Balance: Navigating Exemptions in Extradition for Terrorism and Political Offenses under International Law
Get PDFThis legal study critically analyzes the complexities of navigating exceptions to extradition, particularly concerning Terrorism and political offenses. It also distinguishes between comprehensive and sectoral conventions as well as universal and regional treaties, explaining the various approaches and their implications. It is a complex landscape of legal responses to international Terrorism. The efficacy of global conventions in addressing this very important issue is questionable. Each country has criteria for ascertaining what constitutes Terrorism and political offenses that can affect extradition. There is very little difference in the character of Terrorism and political offenses. Given the increasing global anxiety surrounding Terrorism and political offenses, this provides a significant perspective on the ongoing discourse on extradition in international law. This study uses a comprehensive qualitative methodology. It carefully examines legal texts, case law, and scholarly literature alongside a comparative analysis of extradition treaties and state practice. It used theories of democracy and Terrorism itself (which, in a global sense, must be fought) to distinguish and strike a balance between Terrorism and political offenses. Ultimately, this study has identified effective solutions to combat international Terrorism while addressing the differences between conventions. It also found a growing relationship between democratization and the global fight against Terrorism, with arguments for not categorizing acts of Terrorism as political offenses, especially in democracies. In addition, this study enhanced the understanding of the legal framework for countering international Terrorism and provided insight into the challenges and opportunities presented by various conventions. These findings have significant implications for refining extradition law, encouraging a balance that respects human rights, guarantees justice, prevents the abuse of the extradition process for political purposes, and contributes to the evolution of a fair and just international legal framework
Pemberian Remisi Terpidana Korupsi: Perlindungan Asasi atau Diskriminasi
Get PDFThis research puts the issue of granting remissions to corruption convicts which began with the stipulation of PP No. 99 of 2012 concerning Terms and Procedures for the Implementation of the Rights of the Fostered Citizens, it is necessary to have the conditions met first so that in the end the remission can be granted. In fact, the problem of abolishing remissions is not a form of discrimination against the rights of convicts, especially those convicted of corruption, but rather a form of restriction for convicts of corruption so that they do not arbitrarily use their remission rights. The results obtained in this study are the enactment of restrictions on the rights of corruption convicts through strict remission requirements. Through a normative approach, the author explores information through statutory regulations and the regulations under them, namely through Law no. 22 of 2022 and PP No. 99 of 2012.Penelitian ini meletakkan isu pemberian remisi kepada terpidana korupsi yang bermula pada penetapan PP No. 99 Tahun 2012 Tentang Syarat dan Tata Cara Pelaksanaan Hak Warga Binaan maka perlu adanya syarat yang dipenuhi terlebih dahulu sehingga pada akhirnya remisi tersebut dapat diberikan. Sejatinya problematika penghapusan remisi ini bukanlah sebagai bentuk diskriminasi terhadap hak narapidana khususnya terpidana korupsi, melainkan bentuk pembatasan bagi terpidana korupsi agar tidak semena-mena menggunakan hak remisi tersebut. Adapun hasil yang didapat pada penelitian kali ini adalah berlakunya pembatasan hak terpidana korupsi melalui syarat ketat keberlakuan remisi. Melalui pendekatan normatif, penulis menggali informasi melalui peraturan perundang-undangan beserta peraturan di bawahnya yakni melalui UU No. 22 Tahun 2022 dan PP No. 99 Tahun 2012
Regulate or Prohibit: a Review of Hidden Prostitution Law Enforcement Policies in Indonesia
Get PDFProstitution is an act that is contrary to the norms that exist in society because this act can cause unrest in the community and disrupt the order of life in the surrounding community. Prostitution deviates from the norms of decency where a woman or a man sells himself to get satisfaction from lust. Prostitution is spreading rapidly in Indonesia. Many prostitutions are committed under the guise of, among others, Reflexy Massage Parlors, Beauty Salons, and SPA. This study is motivated by the problem of the practice of hidden prostitution under the guise of these business premises in Indonesia, especially the Sleman Regency area, which are almost entirely unexposed and untouched by law enforcement officials but have the potential for negative impacts on society both socially, psychologically, religiously and culturally. This article aims to find out how law enforcement is against the hidden practice of prostitution under the guise of massage parlors, salons, and spas in Indonesia, especially in the district of Sleman. This study combined field and library research, using an empirical juridical approach with a descriptive-analytic method to explain the data. It also used legal system theory to analyze. This study showed no clear and specific regulations that regulate or prohibit prostitution firmly. So far, the Police and Civil Service Police Unit (Satpol PP) have enforced the law based on Regional Regulation No. 15 2012 concerning Tourism Business Registration in Sleman. However, the participation of every stakeholder in society with local wisdom that has existed so far is expected to create legal awareness about hidden prostitution
Forced Marriage in Cultural Practices and Sexual Violence Law
Get PDFThis study analyzes criminal law policy regarding forced Marriage disguised as a cultural practice, taking into account current conditions and the legal protection provided by Law Number 12 of 2022 concerning Criminal Law of Sexual Violence (TPKS). This is a problem in itself, considering that several regions in Indonesia still embrace the culture of forced Marriage. At the same time, on the other hand, many parties say that it violates human rights, while many cultural practices then derogate many human rights. Then how does the TPKS Law see forced Marriage, which in some regions is legalized by customary laws? To answer this, this study uses a normative legal research methodology through a statutory approach. The collection of legal materials will involve an examination of relevant regulations, which will then be analyzed comprehensively to arrive at conclusions that answer the research questions. This study find that (1) policies regarding forced marriages conducted under the guise of culture have been regulated in the TPKS, thus changing actions that were previously not considered criminal offenses into criminal offenses that can be subject to legal sanctions. (2) Legal protection against forced Marriage under the guise of culture is divided into two forms of protection, namely preventive protection carried out by the central and regional governments and repressive protection in the form of imposing sanctions on perpetrators, accompanied by various additional sanctions and providing rights for victims during the judicial process and afterward
Balancing Democracy and Adz-Dzari'ah Principles: Legal Reasoning on Term Limits for Political Party Chairpersons in Indonesia
Get PDFThis study explores the issue of term limits for political party chairpersons from the perspective of democracy and the principles of az-zari'ah. In 2022-2023, there was a surge in lawsuits to the Constitutional Court regarding the absence of rules regarding the term of office of political party chairpersons in Indonesia. The number of lawsuits shows that the absence of such rules has caused considerable problems, both within and outside political parties and the state. Various political diseases have become increasingly apparent, such as the perception that public officials only follow the direction of party leaders (bossism), and this has the potential to lead to abuse of power by political party chairmen in the context of public policy. Using a qualitative literature review methodology, this study uses a comparative philosophical approach, namely by paying attention to the principles of democracy and applying methods derived from az-zari'ah. Both of these are used because, on the one hand, Indonesia is a country that applies the principles of democracy; on the other hand, many Indonesian people believe in the truth of Islamic law, including the principles of az-zari'ah. It was found that, from the perspective of az-zari'ah, the term of office of the party chairman must be limited (closed) so as not to become a vehicle for political disease. By Az-zari'ah, limiting the term of party leaders becomes a crucial matter, as it helps mitigate potential harms that may arise in the absence of such limitations. Meanwhile, from a democratic perspective, it also has the same value implications, namely the need to limit the term of office of the chairman. Democracy has the basic function of limiting political power in a person and not expanding or giving unlimited power like a monarchical system. This is because democracy believes that power tends to corrupt, and absolute power corrupts. So, since Indonesia uses the philosophy of democracy in its country, every political institution, in this case, political parties, must abide by the same rules
Legal Aspects of Crypto Assets on Indonesian Digital Investment Development
Get PDFThis study aims to understand the legal aspect of digital investment in Indonesian crypto assets which is linked to the theories of legal certainty, justice, and benefit. Currently, Indonesian people are very fond of the cryptocurrency digital investment trend. The Indonesian government has provided several regulations regarding the physical crypto market mechanism. However, the rules regarding cryptocurrencies cannot guarantee that problems will not arise in the future. Moreover, cryptocurrency and its rules are still very new. There is still a lot of confusion in society about whether crypto investment is safe or not. This study is normative juridical study using a statutory and conceptual approach, which is summarized by examining statutory regulations and related legal doctrine. The results of this study explain that the Indonesian government is opening up opportunities by legalizing digital crypto investment activities to strengthen the economic sector. Crypto in Indonesia can only be used as an investment instrument, not currency. The implementation of crypto asset trading is regulated in the Commodity Futures Trading Supervisory Agency (Bappebti) Regulation Number 5 of 2019 concerning Technical Provisions for the Implementation of Physical Crypto Asset Markets. This regulation regulates the use of Good Corporate Governance principles in the context of carrying out buying and selling of crypto assets on the Crypto Futures Exchange (CFX). Bappebti's regulations were then changed with the enactment of Law Number 4 of 2023 concerning Development and Strengthening of the Financial Sector (UU P2SK) which expanded the authority and responsibility of the Financial Services Authority (OJK) to include digital financial assets, crypto assets and Financial Technological Innovation Sector. (ITSK).
THE DOMINATION OF CUSTOMARY LAW IN MUSLIM MATRIMONIAL PROCEDURES: Prohibiting Khiṭbah in the Sade Muslim Community
Get PDFBetrothal (Khiṭbah) prior to marriage is considered a noble practice within Islamic tradition. However, among the Sade Muslim community, there are instances where betrothal is intentionally omitted and even opposed by the society. They practice the tradition of merariq, apparently abducting the bride without the prior consent of her family. Only afterward does the groom's family approach the bride's family to negotiate the marriage between them. This practice of 'abducting' prospective brides is not found in any Islamic teachings. This article aims to shed light on the motives behind the betrothal prohibition before the marriage contract (akad nikah) among the Sade Muslim community. This research involves fieldwork with ten key informants. The findings indicate that the prohibition of the betrothal process among the Muslim Sade is a longstanding cultural heritage within the society. This tradition is perceived as an emblem of the Sasak ethnic group, intentionally preserved amidst inevitable modernization.[Abstrak: Peminangan (Khiṭbah) sebelum pernikahan merupakan salah satu tahap perkawinan yang dianggap sebagai anjaran mulia dalam tradisi Islam. Namun bagi masyarakat Muslim Sade, ada kalanya peminangan ini sengaja tidak dilakukan dan bahkan ditentang oleh masyarakat tersebut. Mereka bahkan mempraktikkan tradisi merariq dengan cara seolah-olah menculik mempelai perempuan tanpa sepengetahuan pihak keluarganya. Barulah setelah itu pihak laki-laki menemui pihak perempuan untuk melakukan proses negosisasi agar dilangsungkan pernikahan antara keduanya. Tradisi 'menculik' calon pengantin perempuan ini tidak ditemukan dalam ajaran Islam manapun. Artikel ini bertujuan mengupas motif di balik larangan meminang gadis sebelum akad pernikahan di kalangan masyarakat Muslim Sade. Penelitian ini merupakan studi lapangan yang melibatkan sepuluh informan kunci sebagai sumber primer. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa praktik larangan bagi calon pengantin laki-laki untuk meminang gadis Muslim Sade merupakan manifestasi adat yang telah berlangsung lama. Tradisi ini merupakan ciri khas dari Suku Sasak. Kecenderungan masyarakat Sade melarang khitbah dan mempertahankan tradisi merariq bertujuan untuk menjaga identitas budaya adat mereka dari pengaruh modernisasi yang kian tak tertercegah.
THE DOMINATION OF ISLAMIC LAW IN CUSTOMARY MATRIMONIAL CEREMONIES: Islamic Values within the Malay Marriage Tradition in Kepulauan Riau
Get PDFThe Malay community has engaged with various traditions, such as those of India, the Middle East, China, and even Europe. Despite that, religion, Islam, has wielded the most significant influence, particularly within the context of marriage life. The process of Muslim Malay marriages consistently adhere to Islamic values, even as these marriage processes are conducted within the framework of local customary practices. This article aims to examine the extent to which these marriage process adopt and synchronize with commonly held Islamic values. Data was gathered through observation and interviews in the Kepulauan Riau. This article reveals that these marriage processes indeed manifest values well-known within Islam. These values constitute in merisik phase symbolizing the principle of at-ta’āruf; menyampaikan hajat symbolizing al-Musyāwarah; menyampaikan belanja being a form of at-ta’āwun; ajak mengajak representing as-syirkah; berbalas pantun signifying al-mau’iẓah; and do'a selamatan embodying as-syukr. These values unequivocally represent the dominance of Islamic Law as the pivotal principles of Customary Law in Kepulauan Riau. [Abstrak: Dalam lintasan sejarah, masyarakat Melayu telah berinteraksi dengan berbagai tradisi, misalnya India, Timur Tengah, China, dan bahkan Eropa. Terlepas dari sisi geografis di atas, Islam memiliki pengaruh yang paling signifikan, terutama dalam prosesi perkawinan. Pada tataran nilai, tahap-tahap pernikahan orang Melayu Muslim selalu menerapkan nilai-nilai Islam meskipun prosesi perkawinan itu dilaksanakan dalam bingkai acara-acara adat setempat. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk melihat sejauh mana tahap-tahap pernikahan itu mengadopsi dan singkron dengan nilai-nilai yang umum dalam Islam. Untuk mendapatkan gambaran yang tepat, kami mengumpulkan data dengan cara observasi dan wawancara di Kepulauan Riau. Artikel ini menemukan bahwa sebenarnya prosesi-prosesi tersebut merupakan manifestasi dari nilai-nilai yang selama ini jamak dikenal dalam Islam. Nilai nilai tersebut antara lain: merisik, menyimbolkan prinsip at-ta’āruf; menyampaikan hajat menyimbolkan al-Musyāwarah; menghantar belanja merupakan bentuk dari at-ta’āwun; ajak mengajak menyimbolkan as-syirkah; berbalas pantun, merupakan al-mau’iẓah; and doa selamatan merupakan as-syukr. Dengan demikian, nilai-nilai tersebut tidak ubahnya merupakan pengejewantahan dari dominasi Hukum Islam sebagai sendi Hukum Adat di Kepulauan Riau.
Indonesia's Carbon Trade Odyssey: An Analysis of Maqashid Sharia in Balancing Environmental and Economic Compromises
Get PDFAbstract: This research is prompted by the emergence of carbon trading, involving the buying and selling carbon credits driven by climate change and greenhouse gas emissions impacting global stability. Indonesia's tropical forests, which can absorb 25.18 billion tons of carbon emissions, position the country for carbon trading transactions with developed nations. The study aims to assess Indonesia's efforts in reducing greenhouse gas emissions by harnessing the economic value of carbon. The research employs a descriptive qualitative approach with a normative juridical focus, and the research draws on primary sources such as laws, OJK regulations, DSN-MUI fatwas, ministerial regulations, and Islamic law about carbon trading and the green economy. Secondary data from literature, including books, journals, articles, and online news, complements the primary sources. Key findings include Indonesia's commitment to emissions reduction through forest and land-use empowerment, aligning with Maqashid Sharia principles. The economic value of carbon proves instrumental in implementing efficient, effective, and equitable mitigation and adaptation measures, fostering environmental sustainability, economic opportunities, improved welfare, reduced emissions, and green project promotion. By integrating Maqashid Sharia, carbon trading reflects low-carbon principles for preserving life and intellect, while resource efficiency aligns with offspring and wealth preservation. This Sharia-based green economy approach addresses inequality issues stemming from the uneven distribution of green production factors, guided by principles of justice, public interest, and equality.Abstrak: Penelitian ini dipicu oleh munculnya perdagangan karbon, melibatkan pembelian dan penjualan kredit karbon yang dipicu oleh perubahan iklim dan emisi gas rumah kaca yang mempengaruhi stabilitas global. Hutan tropis Indonesia, yang dapat menyerap 25,18 miliar ton emisi karbon, menempatkan negara ini untuk melakukan transaksi perdagangan karbon dengan negara-negara maju. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai upaya Indonesia dalam mengurangi emisi gas rumah kaca dengan memanfaatkan nilai ekonomi karbon. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif dengan fokus yuridis normatif, dan mengandalkan sumber-sumber utama seperti undang-undang, peraturan OJK, fatwa DSN-MUI, peraturan menteri, dan hukum Islam tentang perdagangan karbon dan ekonomi hijau. Data sekunder dari literatur, termasuk buku, jurnal, artikel, dan berita online, melengkapi sumber-sumber utama. Temuan utama termasuk komitmen Indonesia dalam mengurangi emisi melalui pemberdayaan hutan dan penggunaan lahan, sejalan dengan prinsip Maqashid Sharia. Nilai ekonomi karbon membuktikan pentingnya dalam mengimplementasikan langkah-langkah mitigasi dan adaptasi yang efisien, efektif, dan adil, mendorong keberlanjutan lingkungan, peluang ekonomi, kesejahteraan yang meningkat, emisi yang berkurang, dan promosi proyek-proyek hijau. Dengan mengintegrasikan Maqashid Sharia, perdagangan karbon mencerminkan prinsip rendah karbon untuk melestarikan hidup dan akal, sementara efisiensi sumber daya sejalan dengan pelestarian keturunan dan kekayaan. Pendekatan ekonomi hijau berbasis Sharia ini mengatasi masalah ketidaksetaraan yang timbul dari distribusi faktor produksi hijau yang tidak merata, dipandu oleh prinsip keadilan, kepentingan umum, dan kesetaraan
Application of the First-to-File System in Preventing Passing Off Actions against Registered Mark Holder
Get PDFApplying the "First-to-File" principle impacts the first trademark user and the owner who has not yet registered. Another party previously registered the Mark can replace the true trademark owner. It will harm the brand owner who has previously run a business using that brand name. On the other hand, the first-to-file principle means the state should not provide registration for a mark that has similarities with the Mark submitted earlier of similar goods/services, but in this case, the Ministry of Law and Human Rights cannot cancel a registered mark. So passing off actions against registered Mark could occur. This research examines and analyzes the legal protection for registered trademark owners regarding applying the first-to-file principles for those who pass off a registered mark. The research uses a normative juridical research method. The approach is the statutory and case approach, and it uses qualitative analysis methods based on data and substance from various literature such as books, journals, scientific papers, laws, and regulations. This research shows that the form of legal protection for registered trademark owners is related to applying the First-to-File principles to the passing of other parties. It is based on the case analysis of the Supreme Court decision, which stated that the Plaintiff (holder of the Iwan Tirta mark) is the sole legal owner and rights holder of brands that have a dominant element using the word "Iwan Tirta" in all Classes registered, and cancels or declares null and void with all legal consequences the registration of the registered "Pusaka Iwan Tirta & Logo" Mark, as well as punishes the Defendant (PT Pustaka Iwan Tirta) to pay court costs. It means legal action in the form of a lawsuit to the Commercial Court, based on the new Decision, can be used to cancel the registered Mark