UIN (Universitas Islam Negeri) Sunan Kalijaga, Yogyakarta: E-Journal Fakultas Syariah dan Ilmu Hukum
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Revisiting the Indonesian Criminal Procedure Code: Paradigmatic Issues and the Challenges of an Evolving Era
Get PDFThe reform of criminal procedure law in Indonesia has become a necessity, as the Criminal Procedure Code (KUHAP), after more than four decades of implementation, is confronted with the transformations of human civilization that characterize the postmodern era. This study seeks to address two key questions: why the postmodern condition necessitates a response in the renewal of Indonesian criminal procedure law, and how the KUHAP should be reconceptualized. Employing a juridical-normative approach, this research argues that reform cannot be limited to technical procedural adjustments but must extend to a paradigmatic shift. Rooted in modern legal concepts shaped by positivism, the KUHAP must adapt to the challenges of postmodern realities, which are increasingly complex, non-linear, global, segmentary, and multiversal. To bridge this gap, a progressive concept of criminal procedure law is required—one that maintains the principles of lex scripta, lex certa, and lex stricta, while simultaneously allowing space for rationally and morally justifiable legal breakthroughs in extraordinary circumstances
Meretas Posisi Ekonomi Islam di Tengah Pusaran Ekonomi Lain
No full textPaham kapitalis telah meracuni pikiran dan kehidupan semua orang, baik pemerintah, pelaku bisnis, masyarakat awam. bahkan para kyai dan ustadz. Satu contoh kecil misalnya, kegiatan pinjam meminjam uang dianggap sebagai kegiatan komersial atau bisnis sehingga pihak yang meminjam harus memberikan kelebihan atas uang yang dipinjamnya. Hal ini diterima oleh masyarakat sebagai sesuatu yang wajar. Padahal, dalam Islam. kegiatan tersebut tidak termasuk dalam kegiatan komersial atau bisnis, tetapi merupakan kegiatan tolong menolong, di mana peminjam tidak berkewajiban untuk memberikan kelebihan atas uang yang dipinjamnya, sementara pihak yang meminjamkan uang tersebut akan mendapatkan balasan pahala dari Allah SWT. Reposisi ekonomi Islam mutlak perlu dilakukan untuk menjamin keabsahan setiap transaksi yang setiap hari dipraktikkan oleh seluruh lapisan masyarakat
Compliance with Religious and State Laws: The Practice of Dual and Single Marriage Contracts within the Shi’i Community
Get PDFThis article portrays the practice of dual and single marriage ceremonies within the Shi’i community in Indonesia, particularly in the context of compliance with both religious and state law. Data were primarily collected through interviews with members of the Shi’i community. The study reveals that both dual and single marriage ceremonies are influenced by actors’ attitude toward the integration of Ja'fari madhab and state law. Individuals who adhere to Ja'fari madhab tend to perform dual marriage ceremonies to satisfy both religious and state legal requirements, whereas those who do not prioritize Ja'fari madhab opt for single marriage ceremonies in compliance with state law. Structurally, the implementation of dual and single marriage ceremonies is shaped by the different rules between Ja'fari madhab and state law.
[Artikel ini membahas praktik akad nikah ganda dan akad nikah tunggal di kalangan komunitas Syiah di Indonesia dalam konteks kepatuhan terhadap hukum agama dan negara. Data umumnya dikumpulkan melalui wawancara langsung dengan anggota komunitas Syiah. Penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa praktik akad nikah baik ganda maupun tunggal dipengaruhi oleh keinginan menjalankan fikih Ja’fari dan ketentuan hukum negara. Seseorang yang mengakomodir fikih Ja’fari cenderung melakukan akad nikah ganda untuk memenuhi tuntutan agama dan hukum negara; sebaliknya yang tidak mengakomodir memilih akad nikah tunggal untuk mematuhi hukum negara. Secara struktural, pelaksanaan akad nikah ganda maupun tunggal dipengaruhi oleh sikap terhadap aturan agama dan negara yang berbeda antara fikih ja’fari dan fikih negara.
Legal Literature Review of Peer to Peer Lending in Indonesia: Building Sharia FinTech Ecosystem: Literatur Hukum Peer to Peer Lending di Indonesia: Membangun Ekosistem FinTech Syariah
No full textAbstract: This article investigates the extent to which peer-to-peer (P2P) lending regulations in Indonesia, both in the context of formal law and Islamic law, have been effective in supporting economic growth. Employing a normative juridical approach, the article highlights various regulations introduced by the government to enhance transparency and accountability in the implementation of fintech P2P lending in Indonesia. Although measures such as the imposition of daily interest rate limits have been implemented to protect consumers, concerns remain regarding the effectiveness of supervision, particularly in safeguarding vulnerable consumers. The study also underscores the importance of financial and digital literacy in helping both borrowers and lenders understand the risks and benefits of P2P lending. Key challenges in integrating Sharia law principles, including the prohibitions on ribā (usury) and gharar (uncertainty), have the potential to constrain financial innovation and reduce competitive lending options. The findings suggest the need for a more flexible regulatory approach and closer collaboration between regulators, the industry, and religious authorities to ensure compliance with Sharia law while supporting the growth of the sector. Continuous education for users is also essential to enhance protection and financial inclusion within the Sharia-compliant P2P lending ecosystem in Indonesia.
Abstrak: Artikel ini meneliti sejauh mana regulasi peer-to-peer (P2P) lending di Indonesia, baik dalam konteks hukum formal maupun hukum Islam, telah berfungsi dengan baik dan mendukung bergeraknya roda perekonomian. Menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif, artikel ini menyoroti berbagai regulasi yang ditetapkan oleh Pemerintah dalam meningkatkan transparansi dan akuntabilitas pada penyelenggaraan fintech P2P di Indonesia. Meskipun langkah-langkah seperti pembatasan suku bunga harian telah diberlakukan untuk melindungi konsumen, terdapat kekhawatiran terkait efektivitas pengawasan, terutama dalam melindungi konsumen yang rentan. Penelitian ini juga menekankan pentingnya literasi keuangan dan digital untuk membantu para peminjam dan pemberi pinjaman memahami risiko dan manfaat dari pinjaman P2P. Tantangan utama dalam mengintegrasikan prinsip-prinsip hukum Syariah, termasuk larangan ribā dan garar, berpotensi membatasi inovasi keuangan dan mengurangi opsi pinjaman yang kompetitif. Temuan dalam penelitian ini menyarankan perlunya pendekatan regulasi yang lebih fleksibel serta kolaborasi yang lebih erat antara regulator, industri, dan otoritas keagamaan untuk memastikan kepatuhan terhadap hukum Syariah sekaligus mendukung pertumbuhan sektor ini. Edukasi berkelanjutan bagi pengguna juga diperlukan guna meningkatkan perlindungan dan inklusi keuangan dalam ekosistem P2P lending syariah di Indonesia
Evaluating Remedial Secession as a Legitimate Territorial Acquisition: Lessons from Eastern Ukraine 2022
Get PDFThis study examines whether corrective secession can be considered a legitimate means of acquiring territory under contemporary international law, focusing on the secession referendum in Eastern Ukraine in 2022. Although the right to self-determination has evolved from a colonial context to broader applications, the legality of corrective secession in non-colonial situations remains controversial and under-explored. Previous research has largely focused on post-colonial cases such as Bangladesh and South Sudan, leaving a gap in understanding externally influenced secession movements. This article aims to address this gap through normative legal analysis, drawing on international legal instruments, state practice, and jurisprudence from the International Court of Justice and national courts. The findings of the study indicate that secession as a corrective measure can only be justified in exceptional cases where an ethnic group experiences ongoing and systematic discrimination, and where the parent state fails to provide an effective solution. When applied to Eastern Ukraine, this study finds no evidence of systematic human rights violations by the Ukrainian government that would justify secession. Instead, the conflict and referendum were largely triggered by external intervention, rendering such claims contrary to international law. This analysis reaffirms that the doctrine of secession as a remedy remains limited and exceptional, reinforcing the priority of territorial integrity in accordance with the UN Charter. This study contributes to the ongoing debate by clarifying the legal and moral thresholds for secession as a remedy, and provides a nuanced legal framework for assessing future claims of secession
How Could Judges Ignore the Audi Et Alteram Partem Principle in a Criminal Case Trial?
Get PDFIn a judge's decision, legal considerations aim to delve into the facts revealed at trials based on the audi et alteram partem principle, which must exist and become a foundation. The philosophy of the audi et alteram partem principle is essentially the values of justice and balance. In applying the audi et alteram partem principle in a criminal case, although the judges have judicial power, they should consider the evidence and facts that are not only submitted by the public Prosecutor but also have to consider the evidence and facts submitted by the defendant. In decision Number 123/Pid.B/2022/PN Yyk, the panel of examining judges rejected the explanation of the witness a de-charge which was not based on a clear reason, so it was felt that the panel of judges examining the case did not consider the explanation of the witness which was mitigating for the defendant and violated the principle of audi et alteram. Therefore, this study aims to elaborate on how the judicial panel examined the case by applying the audi et alteram partem principle. To answer these legal issues, this study uses combined research methods of normative and empirical data with data collection methods by conducting interviews and literature reviews as well as using descriptive qualitative data analysis methods. The result of this study showed that the judicial panel examining case number 123/Pid.B/2022/PN Yyk did not consider the audi et alteram partem principle for the judgment because the judges were not balanced by only considering the prosecutor's explanation and rejecting the testimony of the defendant's witnesses and ignoring material truth of defendant's proof
Kepemimpinan Perempuan di Ruang Publik Perspektif Islam: Studi di Desa Binjai Baru Kecamatan Datuk Tanah Datar Kabupaten Batubara
Get PDFAbstract: Women's leadership in an Islamic perspective is an issue or problem that is always discussed and interesting to discuss. Along with the times, not a few women carry out activities in the public space, such as politics, economics, social, culture and other fields. This article will examine how women's leadership is in an Islamic perspective and what roles are played by women leaders in Binjai Baru Village, Datuk Tanah Datar District, Batubara Regency. This article is a field research (Field Research), which uses descriptive qualitative methods. Data obtained through interviews, observation and documentation. Data analysis was performed using descriptive analysis techniques. This article finds that according to an Islamic perspective, women are not prohibited from becoming leaders in the public sphere. The text prohibiting women from being leaders must be reinterprate in accordance with the asbab al-wurud and changes in the law's illat. This article also found that female leaders in Binjai Baru village were able to carry out their duties and responsibilities well and their performance was no less when compared to male leaders. There are several things that affect the position of women as public officials, such as social values, social status, communication, education and work experience.Abstrak: Kepemimpinan perempuan dalam perspektif Islam menjadi isu atau persoalan yang selalu dibicarakan dan menarik untuk dibahas. Seiring dengan perkembangan zaman, tidak sedikit perempuan yang menjalankan aktivitas di ruang publik, seperti politik, ekonomi, sosial, budaya dan bidang yang lainnya. Artikel ini akan mengkaji bagaimana kepemimpinan perempuan dalam perspektif Islam dan peranan apa yang dimainkan pemimpin perempuan di Desa Binjai Baru, Kecamatan Datuk Tanah Datar, Kabupaten Batubara. Artikel ini merupakan penelitian lapangan (Field Research), yang menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif. Data diperoleh melalui hasil wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik analisis deskriptif. Artikel ini menemukan bahwa menurut perspektif Islam, perempuan tidak dilarang untuk menjadi pemimpin di ruang publik. Nas pelarangan wanita sebagai pemimpin harus dibaca ulang sesuai dengan asbab al-wurud dan perubahan illat hukum. Artikel ini juga menemukan bahwa pemimpin perempuan di desa Binjai Baru mampu menjalankan tugas dan tanggung jawabnya dengan baik yang performanya tidak kalah jika dibandingkan dengan pemimpin laki-laki. Ada beberapa hal yang mempengaruhi kedudukan perempuan sebagai pejabat publik, seperti nilai sosial, status sosial, komunikasi, pendidikan dan pengalaman kerja
Konsep Gender dalam Perspektif Islam
Get PDFMisunderstanding of gender differences in society leads to gender injustice. Islam is the arbiter that places men and women in a balanced position. However, there are still assumptions in society that differentiate the roles and positions of men and women. These factors include misunderstandings of the social roles of men and women that stem from an incomplete understanding of the Qur'anic text. This of course leads to an unbalanced perception of the position of men and women in society. This study uses a normative juridical approach by analyzing and describing the concept of gender in Islamic law clearly contained in the Qur'an and Hadith. The results of this study explain that Islam teaches equality between humans, both between men and women. The difference that exalts or demeans between men and women is only the level of piety and devotion to Allah SWT.Pemahaman yang salah terhadap perbedaan gender dalam masyarakat menyebabkan ketidakadilan gender. Islam adalah penengah yang menempatkan laki-laki dan perempuan dalam posisi yang seimbang. Namun, masih ada asumsi masyarakat yang membedakan peran dan posisi laki-laki dan perempuan. Faktor-faktor tersebut antara lain adalah kesalahpahaman terhadap peran sosial laki-laki dan perempuan yang bersumber dari pemahaman yang tidak utuh terhadap teks Al-Qur'an. Hal ini tentu saja menimbulkan persepsi yang tidak seimbang terhadap posisi laki-laki dan perempuan dalam masyarakat. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif dengan menganalisis dan mendeskripsikan konsep gender dalam hukum Islam secara jelas yang terdapat di dalam al-Qur’an maupun Hadis. Hasil penelitian ini menjelaskan bahwa Islam mengajarkan persamaan antara manusia, baik antara laki-laki dan perempuan. Perbedaan yang meninggikan atau merendahkan antara laki-laki dan perempuan hanyalah tingkat ketakwaan dan pengabdiannya kepada Allah Swt
WHEN TRADITION AGAINST MODERNITY: Batak Angkola Men's Resistance towards Gender Equality
Get PDFModernity brings about gender equality, but in Padang Lawas, this gender equality is not universally accepted by Batak Angkola men. Resistance under the guise of masculine identity exists based on cultural reasons. This study aims to explore the reasoning behind Batak Angkola men's defense of their masculine identity in the public and domestic spheres amid the prevailing gender equality of the modern world. This study relies on a socio-anthropological approach. Data were obtained through observation and interviews. This study concludes that Batak Angkola men maintain their self-esteem (ego) and uphold their identity as part of the Batak patriarchy by using preventive cultural masculinity reasoning. This use of reasoning keeps them from being deprived of religious and cultural understanding. In essence, the modernity echoing gender equality auto-encourages Batak men to empower and safeguard their masculinity in their own ways and according to their own standards. This affirms that latently, Batak Angkola men's resistance to modernity is rooted in their traditional paradigm. Consequently, this is by no means enough to alleviate Batak women’s longstanding unfavorable circumstances, a double-burdened trap.[Modernitas melahirkan kesetaraan gender, namun di Padang Lawas kesetaraan gender ini tidak diterima secara universal oleh laki-laki Batak Angkola. Perlawanan dengan kedok identitas maskulin ada berdasarkan alasan budaya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi alasan di balik pembelaan identitas maskulin laki-laki Batak Angkola di ruang publik dan domestik di tengah kesetaraan gender yang berlaku di dunia modern. Kajian ini bersandar pada pendekatan sosio-antropologis. Data diperoleh melalui observasi dan wawancara. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa laki-laki Batak Angkola mempertahankan harga diri (ego) dan menjunjung tinggi identitasnya sebagai bagian dari patriarki Batak dengan menggunakan penalaran maskulinitas budaya preventif. Penggunaan penalaran ini membuat mereka tidak kehilangan pemahaman agama dan budaya. Intinya, modernitas yang menggemakan kesetaraan gender secara otomatis mendorong laki-laki Batak untuk memberdayakan dan menjaga kejantanannya dengan cara mereka sendiri dan menurut standar mereka sendiri. Hal ini menegaskan bahwa secara laten, resistensi laki-laki Batak Angkola terhadap modernitas berakar dari paradigma tradisional mereka. Konsekuensinya, ini sama sekali tidak cukup untuk meringankan keadaan tidak menguntungkan perempuan Batak yang sudah berlangsung lama, sebuah perangkap berbeban ganda.
Perkawinan Beda Agama Perspektif Undang-Undang Perkawinan, Kompilasi Hukum Islam, dan Fatwa Majelis Ulama Indonesia No. 4/MUNAS VII/MUI/8/2005
No full textInterfaith marriages still occur in Indonesia. Interfaith marriage is a complex and interesting topic to discuss. There are many things to consider when two people of different religions decide to get married and form a family. This marriage often raises very complex issues where men and women of different faiths want to enter into interfaith marriages in order to obtain the status of a relationship, regardless of whether the relationship is forbidden or permissible in Islamic teachings. The method used is qualitative research with a literature review approach. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that interfaith marriage between muslims and members of other religions is not permissible and haram. In the positive law of Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 1 of 1974 Article 2 paragraph (1) it is explained that marriage is valid if it is carried out according to the laws of each religion. According to the Compilation of Islamic Law, articles 40 and 44 of Chapter VI strictly prohibit interfaith marriages between muslim men and non-muslim women and muslim women with non-muslim men. Meanwhile, MUI fatwa number 4/MUNAS VII/MUI/8/2005 explains that interfaith marriage is haram and invalid.[Pernikahan beda agama masih terjadi di Indonesia. Pernikahan beda agama merupakan topik yang kompleks dan menarik untuk dibahas. Ada banyak hal yang perlu dipertimbangkan ketika dua orang dari agama yang berbeda memutuskan untuk menikah dan membentuk keluarga. Pernikahan ini seringkali menimbulkan permasalahan yang sangat kompleks dimana laki-laki dan perempuan berbeda keyakinan ingin melangsungkan pernikahan beda agama demi mendapatkan status sebuah hubungan, terlepas dari apakah hubungan tersebut dilarang atau diperbolehkan dalam ajaran Islam. Metode yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan literature review. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa pernikahan beda agama antara umat Islam dengan umat agama lain hukumnya tidak diperbolehkan dan haram. Dalam hukum positif Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 Pasal 2 ayat (1) dijelaskan bahwa pernikahan adalah sah apabila dilakukan menurut hukum masing-masing agama. Menurut Kompilasi Hukum Islam pada pasal 40 dan 44 Bab VI dengan tegas melarang perkawinan antar agama baik laki-laki muslim dengan wanita non-muslim maupun wanita muslim dengan laki-laki non-muslim. Sedangkan dalam fatwa MUI nomor 4/MUNAS VII/MUI/8/2005 menjelaskan bahwa pernikahan beda agama adalah haram dan tidak sah.