BHUMI: Jurnal Agraria dan Pertanahan
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The Urgency of Agrarian Reform Policy: A Study of the Impact of Land Access on Farmer Household Welfare
Full text linkAbstract: Inequality of land ownership is caused by unequal access to land. This study examined the impact of land access on total farmer's household expenditure. The Agrarian reform policy assumed open and expand access to land for groups of landless or near landless farmer households. Through state-led and market-led approaches, this research provided a categorization of access to land in two ways, which are access opening and access expansion variables with each sample coverage. Using the two periods difference-in-difference (DID) method, this study analyzed the impact of opening and expanding access to the total expenditure of farmer households using IFLS 2007 and 2014 data. The results showed that there is a significant difference in the total expenditures of farmer households due to the opening and expansion of access referring to the land distribution scheme (state-led approach), and there is no significant difference through the market-led approach. Therefore, agrarian reform policies need to be carried out by emphasizing the role of the state in implementing land redistribution to landless and small farmers.
Keywords: Agrarian reform, state-led approach, market-led approach, impact of land access, total farmer household expenditur
Rice Farmers’ Agrarian Dynamics, a Historical Perspective
Full text linkAbstract: As the staple food of Indonesians, rice has become an economic and political commodity in the country. This study aims to analyze the agrarian dynamics of rice farmers from a historical perspective, focusing on studying how the agrarian change affected the rice production mode in the present situation. The historiography approach used to produce critical analysis was complemented by tracing literature studies, especially in West Java, one of the main rice producers in Indonesia. The results showed that the structure of land tenure and ownership in rice farming had undergone a fundamental change. The dynamics that appear in rice can be seen at the level of agricultural technology intervention and local and national policies, which have experienced changes due to pressure from the agricultural production input sub-system. This pressure led to a change in peasant institutions that shifted from informal to formal, which was not in line with the structure of land tenure and ownership, which was still dominated by petty commodity producers.
Keywords: Agrarian dynamics, farmers, historical, padd
Grassroots Innovation in Village-Based Natural Resource Management in Lebak Regency
Full text linkThis study investigates the factors that encourage grassroots innovation that contributes to addressing natural resource management problems in Warungbanten Village. This study was conducted using a qualitative approach with a from the theoretical perspective of grassroots innovation. The primary data were obtained from observation during one-month field study and in-depth interviews with a number of key informants, such as village heads, traditional stakeholders, farmers, representatives of women's groups, and youth involved in the grassroots innovation process. The results showed that the growth of grassroots innovation in natural resource management in Warungbanten Village cannot be separated from three main factors, namely innovator aspect attached to the role of the village head as the initiator; socio-cultural and environmental aspect that allows the spirit of mutual cooperation and involvement of the parties; and market or benefit aspect attached to commercial and non-commercial values of the innovation carried out. Grassroots innovation that took place in Warungbanten Village also contributed to efforts to overcome challenges and problems in natural resource management, namely supporting the village sovereignty over natural resources, developing the sustainable livelihoods in rural areas, and removing administrative constraints in natural resource management caused by village boundary conflicts.
Keywords: grassroots innovation, village natural resource management, village developmen
The Participatory Mapping as Soft-Territorialization Discipline Practice of The Karen People in The Thailand Highlands
Full text linkTerritorialization is an important element for the authorities to control both natural and human resources. Although the territorialization in Thailand has been started since the 1930s, but until the 2000s, the expected results are still far from satisfactory. One of the fundamental issues is the overlap of land claims, especially between the Royal Forestry Department (RFD) and the Karen people. In the midst of this cold war, the local government (TAO) is working with non-governmental organizations to encourage the implementation of participatory mapping. In this case, land cleared after 2014 must be submitted to the RFD for reforestation. Surprisingly, the program was a great success. This article seeks to explain why participatory mapping was a great success even though the program limited or even reduced Karen people's access to farmland. Based on ethnographic research and combined with map analysis, this study found that successful participatory mapping due to the presence of new, effective satellite-based surveillance instruments linked to the presence of relatively affluent farming households.
Keywords: Karen, participatory mapping, shifting cultivation, smooth territorialization, territorializatio
Doctrinal Review on The Legality of Ulayat Rights Release Agreements in Papua Province
Full text linkIn Papua Province, land conflicts between MHA and entrepreneurs often occur and lead to social conflicts. One of the common practices used in the transfer of ulayat land is the Ulayat Rights Release Agreement. In this article, the author will discuss the legal aspects of the Ulayat Rights Release Agreement that need to be considered to protect the seller and the buyer. This study is a normative or doctrinal research that uses primary data in the form of observations and the author's experience as a legal analyst involved in the Papua Province licensing review process, as well as secondary data derived from statutory regulations and other literature. The results showed that Ulayat Rights Release Agreement requires three important conditions, namely: 1) Subjects that need to be legally identified and ratified (Ulayat Rights Holder); 2) Objects that need to be mapped (Ulayat Rights Limits); and 3) Relationship between Subjects and Objects about how Ulayat Rights are used, regulated, and managed by Ulayat Rights Holder (Ulayat Rights Control). These three points need to be legally ratified based on applicable regulations, which is through a Regional Head Decree or Regency Regulations.
Keywords: MHA, Ulayat Rights, Papu
The Consequences of Sago Planting Hamlet Program on Socio-Cultural Changes of The Kamoro in Mimika Papua
Full text linkThis study examines the consequences of various agrarian policies and development programs on the Kamoro community in Mimika Regency, Papua Province. As a result of FI Mining activities, the Kamoro people, who were originally nomads on their customary lands, were relocated to permanent settlement where they were introduced to intensive farming systems, one of which was the Sago Planting Hamlet (SPH/DST) Program that brought modern sago farming management. There was a contradiction because the Kamoro people have been accustomed to rice as their staple for decades due to the national food policy during the New Order era and the damage to their ecological environment, especially wild sago forests. This study tries to see how the socio-cultural consequences in the community since the implementation of intensive agricultural programs are relatively new to them. Research question were answered through a descriptive qualitative approach, with primary data from in-depth interviews and participatory observations, supported by secondary data from the archive and document searches, also spatial data from Landsat imagery. The results showed that the implementation of the DST Program brought the consequences of socio-cultural changes to the Kamoro people, which included adjustments to social organization, livelihoods, and natural resource management. What happened to the Kamoro: the collapse of the production, reproduction, and consumption systems of society due to the alienation of traditional living cultures that rely on the availability of natural sources of livelihood, has made the Kamoro undeveloped.
Keywords: Intensive agriculture, Kamoro, sago plantations, socio-cultural change
Stubborn People Among the Coconut Trees: Soge Farmer Resistance in Nangahale Plantation, East Nusa Tenggara
Full text linkSince PT KRISRAMA's permit for Right to Cultivate expired in 2013, a number of Soge local residents, namely Tana Ai ethnic, have occupied the coconut plantation in Nangahale, Flores, East Nusa Tenggara. They claimed back the access to the customary land of Nangahale which, before the colonial era, was the residence of their ancestors. They put up a certain amount of resistance against the plantation company which, nota bene, is owned by the Catholic church, the Diocese of Maumere. This study elaborates the strategy of resistance of the Soge local residents. The methods used were participant observation and semi-structured interviews conducted from August to October 2021. The data collected were in the form of conversations and observation on the daily activities of the local residents as well as reviews on historical literature in newspapers, books, magazines, journals, and the internet. The conversation and observation data were analyzed according to the context that occurred in the field in order to reveal the forms of resistance. This study found that the resistance of Soge farmers to the Catholic church's company was part of a sparring movement in the form of regaining access and splitting land in response to the actions taken by the company that sought to expand their territory even without renewal of the contract permit.
Keywords: Catholic church, coconut, land control, Nangahale, resistanc
State Land Management for Orderly Administration of Land in Regencies/Cities
Full text linkThe concept of state control over land is the underlying concept of land management in Indonesia, which is physically represented by the state land. The control of the utilization of state land is one of the sub-activities of the regency/city government. However, there has been no study on these sub-activities carried out based on the Regulation of the Minister of Home Affairs Number 90 of 2019, Law on Job Creation and its derivatives, and the concept of land administration. This paper presents the results of the study on state land management in regencies/cities. This study was conducted using content several methods: content analysis, secondary data analysis, and classification analysis based on the concept of land administration. The data collected and analyzed were laws and regulations on land and their implementation in the context of land administration in several areas in Indonesia. The results of this study indicate that there are fundamental changes in the definition of state land, where the Law on Job Creation and its derivatives do not define land that has been attached to land rights as state land. In addition, the Regulation of the Minister of Home Affairs Number 90 of 2019 and the Law on Job Creation and its derivatives have regulated the authority of the regency/city government in the administration of the control, use, development, and assessment of state land. By considering the definitions and laws and regulations regarding state land, state land management can be implemented through (1) the development of the state land cadaster system, (2) coordination with the agencies administering the control of state land, and (3) the regulation and implementation of the use, development, and assessment of state land.
Keywords: land administration, regency/city, state lan
A Solution Management in Handling Economic Inequality Among Agrarian Communities
Full text linkAgriculture has been an inherent part of human civilization for centuries. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the relationship between agricultural production and agricultural community income. The pattern of their relationship followed the dynamics of the Lotka-Volterra model. Two of the six critical phenomena that might occur: first, if the farmer's crop were abundant, the farmers' income would increase rapidly; second, if the farmers' yields decreased, the farmer's income would automatically decrease. Low and unstable farmer income could lead to poor productivity and low economic growth. Thus, monitoring and early warning were essential to effectively prevent possible negative impacts on agricultural product production, consumption, and changes in market prices. Sustainable agricultural systems included maintenance or enhancement of environmental natural resources, food supply, and social welfare. In brief, good agricultural management could maintain the balance of the ecosystem, contribute to the economy continuously, and increase agrarian communities' economic resilience.
Keywords: agrarian community; ecosystem; harvest cycle; income; Lotka-Volterr
How the Local Wisdom Influences the Sustainability of Spatial Development in Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia
Full text linkThe urban development in Bali, especially Denpasar City, as the capital city of Bali Province, is growing fast in all sectors, leading to dynamic of city and creating some issues as well. Some aspects which have changed due to those developments are the growth of economics, the adequate of facilities and utilities, the comfort, the safety and the local wisdom of Balinese tradition as well. The local wisdom of Bali, as the cultural value system of Balinese tradition, is a solid reliability between culture and religion which becomes the root and the base of all Balinese community life. The existence of Balinese cultural value has been kept sofar, it is not beyond the fundamental rules and meanings. In fact, the power of Balinese traditional sophistication value system is shaping the growth of DenpasarCity. This article will explore the aspects of Balinese local wisdom values such as: Balinese traditional spatial pattern, traditional community and religion systems, also how those aspects have strongly generated the development of Denpasar city, especially on city spatial and land use. The study shows that existence of the local wisdom has significant factors in shaping urban patterns and structures and providing limitations to the use of urban space