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Gambaran Penderita Kanker Payudara Di Bawah Usia 40 Tahun di RSHAM Tahun 2020-2023
Full text linkBackground: Based on Globocan data in 2020, there were 68,858 new cases of breast cancer, which accounted for about 16.6% of the 396,914 total new cancer cases in Indonesia. The high incidence of breast cancer in Indonesia is not always accompanied by a complete histopathological and immunohistochemical examination. Breast cancer is rare under the age of 40 and women diagnosed with breast cancer under the age of 40 will have a poor prognosis, more aggressive cancer, high malignancy and high mortality rates. Objective: To find out the description of breast cancer patients under the age of 40 at RSHAM in 2020-2023. Method: The research is a descriptive study with a cross sectional design. The sample of this study is breast cancer patients under the age of 40 at RSHAM in 2020-2023 with total sampling technique. Results and Discussion: The results showed that the most common histopathological type is IDC as many as 34 patients (97.1%). The most immunohistochemical sub-type is luminal B as many as 16 patients (45.7%). The highest BMI is normal as many as 27 patients (77.1%). There is no family history of cancer in 35 patients (100%). The most common cancer stage was stage IV with 17 patients (48.6%) and stage IIIB with 14 patients (40%). The most histological grade is histological grade 2 as many as 19 patients (54.3%). Conclusion: The description of breast cancer patients under the age of 40 at RSHAM in 2020-2023 is the IDC histopathological type, luminal B immunohistochemical sub-type, normal BMI, no family history, stage IV, and histological grade 2.
Keywords: Histopathological, Immunohistochemical, Breast Cancer, IDC
Latar belakang: Berdasarkan data Globocan tahun 2020, terdapat 68.858 kasus baru kanker payudara, yang menyumbang sekitar 16,6% dari 396.914 total kasus kanker baru di Indonesia. Tingginya kejadian kanker payudara di Indonesia tidak selalu disertai dengan pemeriksaan histopatologi dan imunohistokimia yang lengkap. Kanker payudara jarang terjadi dibawah 40 tahun, dan jika terjadi lebih agresif dan memiliki prognosis yang buruk. Tujuan: Untuk menggambarkan pasien kanker payudara yang berusia dibawah 40 tahun. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan desain cross sectional. Sampel penelitian ini adalah pasien kanker payudara dibawah usia 40 tahun di RSHAM tahun 2020-2023 dengan teknik total sampling. Hasil dan Diskusi: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, jenis histopatologi terbanyak adalah IDC sebanyak 34 pasien (97,1%). Sub tipe imunohistokimia terbanyak adalah luminal B sebanyak 16 pasien (45,7%). IMT terbanyak adalah normal sebanyak 27 pasien (77,1%). Riwayat keluarga menderita kanker tidak ada sebanyak 35 pasien (100%). Stadium kanker terbanyak adalah stadium IV sebanyak 17 pasien (48,6%) dan stadium IIIB sebanyak 14 pasien (40%). Derajat histologi terbanyak adalah derajat histologi 2 sebanyak 19 pasien (54,3%). Kesimpulan. Gambaran penderita kanker payudara dibawah usia 40 tahun di RSHAM tahun 2020-2023 menunjukkan bahwa jenis histopatologi terbanyak adalah IDC dengan sub tipe terbanyak adalah luminal B. Stadium dan derajat histologi terbanyak adalah stadium IV dan derajat 2. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kanker payudara pada usia dibawah 40 tahun lebih agresif meskipun tidak memiliki riwayat keluarga.
Kata Kunci: Histopatologi, Imunohistokimia, Kanker Payudara, IDC
Description of the Knowledge Level on Seborrheic Dermatitis Among Medical Students at Universitas Sumatera Utara, Class of 2021 - 2023
Full text linkBackground: Seborrheic Dermatitis (SD) is a chronic and recurrent inflammatory skin disease that commonly affects adolescents and adults, with a relatively high prevalence, particularly among immunocompromised individuals. SD has a multifactorial pathophysiology, involving Malassezia spp., skin surface lipids, and immunological dysregulation. This condition can significantly impact patients'quality of life due to frequent relapses, causing symptoms such as itching and redness. Therefore, prompt treatment with various available topical therapies is crucial. Objectives: This study aims to assess the level of knowledge about SD among medical students at the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, from the class of 2021 – 2023. Methods: This is a descriptive study using a cross-sectional design, employing a questionnaire distributed via Google Forms and QR codes to students from the specified batches. The sampling technique used was simple random sampling. Results: The results showed that most students had a moderate level of knowledge about SD (50%). A total of 150 respondents (57.7%) had a sufficient understanding of SD treatment options. The majority of respondents were female students, with 176 responses. The age group of 17 to 20 years dominated the sample, accounting for approximately 46.2%. The highest number of respondents came from the 2021 cohort (67.3%). Conclusion: This study concludes that medical students at Universitas Sumatera Utara have a moderate level of knowledge regarding SD and its treatment options. These findings highlight the importance of further education and awareness to enhance students' understanding of the condition.
Keyword: level of knowledge, seborrheic dermatitis, treatment selection
Latar Belakang: Dermatitis seboroik (DS) adalah penyakit inflamasi kulit kronis dan rekuren yang sering terjadi pada remaja dan dewasa, dengan prevalensi yang cukup tinggi, terutama pada individu dengan kondisi imunokompromais. DS memiliki patofisiologi multifaktorial, yang meliputi Malassezia spp., lipid permukaan kulit, dan disregulasi imunologis. Penyakit ini dapat memengaruhi kualitas hidup penderitanya karena gejala yang sering kambuh, seperti gatal dan kemerahan. Oleh karena itu, pengobatan segera dengan berbagai pilihan terapi topikal yang tersedia sangat penting. Tujuan: Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran tingkat pengetahuan tentang DS pada mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sumatera Utara angkatan 2021-2023. Metode: Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif dengan desain potong lintang (cross-sectional), menggunakan kuesioner yang disebarkan melalui Google Form dan QR Code kepada mahasiswa/i Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sumatera Utara angkatan 2021-2023. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode simple random sampling. Hasil: Hasil menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar mahasiswa memiliki tingkat pengetahuan yang cukup mengenai DS (50%). Sebanyak 150 responden (57,7%) memiliki tingkat pengetahuan yang cukup terkait pemilihan pengobatan DS. Mayoritas responden adalah mahasiswi perempuan, dengan 176 respons. Kelompok usia 17 hingga 20 tahun mendominasi dengan persentase sekitar 46,2%. Responden terbanyak berasal dari angkatan 2021 (67,3%). Kesimpulan: Studi ini menyimpulkan bahwa mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sumatera Utara memiliki tingkat pengetahuan yang cukup mengenai DS dan pilihan pengobatannya. Temuan ini menekankan pentingnya peningkatan edukasi dan kesadaran untuk memperdalam pemahaman mahasiswa tentang kondisi ini.
Keyword: dermatitis seboroik, pemilihan pengobatan, tingkat pengetahua
Peran Telemedisin sebagai Sarana Menurunkan Angka Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder di Masa Pandemi COVID-19 Varian Omicron di Indonesia
Full text linkBackground: The COVID-19 pandemic, especially in the Omicron variant era, has brought major changes to the daily lives of the global community, including policies such as work-from-home (WFH) and limiting social access, and straightforward health services. The combination of prolonged social distancing and chronic psychological stress contributes to the increasing prevalence and worsening of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Objectives: This research explores the potential role of telemedicine as an interprofessional collaboration platform to support the diagnosis and management of OCD during the Omicron COVID-19 wave in Indonesia. Methods: This research uses a literature review method with the keywords "COVID-19 Omicron variant", "OCD", "COVID-19 pandemic", and "Telemedicine". The effectiveness, feasibility, and user satisfaction of telemedicine services were evaluated, especially concerning OCD management during the pandemic. Discussion: Telemedicine has become an easily accessible, cost-efficient, and widely accessible alternative to medical consultations, replacing conventional face-to-face meetings. Various research findings show that this approach is equivalent in effectiveness to conventional therapy in treating OCD, including the application of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy via long-distance methods. Survey results show high levels of satisfaction across various age groups. Furthermore, telemedicine plays a role in encouraging inter-professional collaboration by integrating various health workers such as psychiatrists, psychologists, nutritionists, religious leaders, pharmacists, and nurses into an integrated and coordinated service model. However, the optimal use of telemedicine still faces challenges, including low public awareness, limited digital literacy, and uneven supporting infrastructure. Conclusion: Telemedicine has shown significant potential as a multidisciplinary healthcare platform in the treatment of OCD, especially in pandemic restrictions.
Keywords: COVID-19 Omicron variant, COVID-19 pandemic, mental health, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and telemedicine.
Latar Belakang: Pandemi COVID-19 terutama varian Omicron telah membawa perubahan besar dalam kehidupan sehari-hari masyarakat global diantaranya kebijakan seperti work from home (WFH) dan membatasi akses sosial terutama layanan kesehatan secara langsung. Kombinasi dari pembatasan sosial yang berkepanjangan dan stres psikologis kronis berkontribusi terhadap peningkatan prevalensi serta perburukan obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi potensi peran telemedisin sebagai platform kolaborasi antarprofesi untuk mendukung diagnosis dan manajemen OCD selama gelombang Omicron COVID-19 di Indonesia. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode literature review dengan kata kunci “COVID-19 varian Omicron”, “OCD”, “Pandemi COVID-19”, dan “Telemedisin”. Efektivitas, kelayakan, dan kepuasan pengguna layanan telemedicine dievaluasi, terutama dalam kaitannya dengan manajemen OCD selama pandemi. Diskusi: Telemedisin telah berkembang menjadi alternatif konsultasi medis yang mudah diakses, efisien secara biaya, dan dapat dijangkau secara luas, menggantikan pertemuan tatap muka konvensional. Berbagai temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pendekatan ini memiliki efektivitas yang setara dengan terapi konvensional dalam penanganan OCD, termasuk dalam penerapan Cognitive Behavioral Therapy melalui metode jarak jauh. Hasil survei menunjukkan tingkat kepuasan yang tinggi di berbagai kelompok usia. Lebih lanjut, telemedisin berperan dalam mendorong kolaborasi antarprofesi dengan mengintegrasikan berbagai tenaga kesehatan seperti psikiater, psikolog, ahli gizi, tokoh agama, apoteker, dan perawat ke dalam model pelayanan yang bersifat terpadu dan terkoordinasi. Namun demikian, pemanfaatan telemedisin secara optimal masih menghadapi tantangan, antara lain rendahnya kesadaran masyarakat, terbatasnya literasi digital, serta belum meratanya infrastruktur pendukung. Kesimpulan: Telemedisin telah menunjukkan potensi yang signifikan sebagai platform layanan kesehatan multidisiplin dalam penanganan OCD, khususnya di tengah pembatasan akibat pandemi.
Kata Kunci: COVID-19 varian Omicron, kesehatan mental, obsessive-compulsive disorder, pandemi COVID-19, dan telemedisi
UTILISATION OF VIDEO CALLS TO IMPROVE ADHERENCE IN TUBERCULOSIS PATIENTS: PILOT STUDY
Full text linkTuberculosis is the 9th leading cause of death in the world, but it takes at least 6 months to be treated. One of the challenges in tuberculosis treatment is that the treatment time is quite long, and the drugs used are also quite a lot so that it affects patient adherence in taking medication. The objective of this study was to see the effectiveness of video calls in enhancing the adherence of tuberculosis patients. The research method used was experimental pre-post noncontrol design. This study involved 12 tuberculosis patients from the Kepulungan Community Health Centre who were enrolled in the Pulmonary Tuberculosis Control Programme (Program Penanggulangan Tuberkulosis Paru/P2TB) and who met the study's inclusion and exclusion criteria. In the study, video call treatment was the independent variable while adherence was the dependent variable. The sample collection used total sampling and statistical analysis using Wilcoxon test. The findings of this investigation suggest that there is a substantial discrepancy in compliance levels between the pre- and post-video call treatment phases, as evidenced by the augmentation in the mean TB-MAS score from 102.5 to 113.6, accompanied by a p-value of 0.018 (<0.05). This shows that video calls are useful in improving patient adherence in taking antituberculosis drugs
Effects of zeolite-amended sandy soil on moisture, ash, and protein content of Swiss Chard
Full text linkSoil degradation and water scarcity are major challenges affecting crop productivity in sandy soils. Zeolite, a naturally occurring aluminosilicate mineral, has been explored as a soil amendment to improve soil properties and enhance plant growth for various crops. However, limited information on the influence of zeolite soil amendment on Swiss chard nutritional content. A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Research Council, Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Stellenbosch, South Africa from late autumn to late spring. The study accessed the effects of zeolite soil amendment on dry matter yield, moisture content, crude ash, and crude protein of Swiss Chard (Beta vulgaris var. cicla cv. Ford Hook Giant) over five harvests. The experiment was laid out in a completely randomised block design with four treatments 0; 10; 20 and 30% zeolite application to sandy soil, all at 12 kg sandy soil or sandy soil and zeolite mixture. Data were analysed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), and treatment means were compared using Fisher’s least significant difference test at a 5% probability level. The results of this study show that zeolite through its porous nature, high cation exchange capacity and alkalinity may be used to improve water availability to plants (moisture content) while at the same time improving dry matter yields and mineral accumulation (crude ash content). However, zeolite did not improve the crude protein contents of Swiss chard, which is a function of nitrogen assimilation. Nevertheless, 20–30% zeolite application levels can be used as an effective method to combat soil degradation and mitigate drought-related challenges. These rates improved dry matter yields, enhanced crop moisture content, and promoted crude ash and/or mineral accumulation in Swiss chard
City Park as an Adaptive Communal Place in COVID-19 Pandemic Era (Study Case: Merdeka Town Square)
Full text linkThe covid-19 pandemic has forced people to isolate themselves at home and advised them not to leave the city. All public transportation has stopped working to avoid commuting. As a human, we require relaxation to have a calmer and clearer mind. The health protocol advised safe outdoor activities (with no air conditioning to reduce the risk of exposure and transmission of the virus. Social distancing, avoiding crowds and poorly ventilated indoor spaces can be done by doing activities in the central park (such as the town square). This town square could be an excellent decision to fulfil the need for tourism, completed by some adaptive designs to deal with this pandemic situation. Unfortunately, the government closed this facility and led some citizens to fulfil their needs by going to the mall quite often than before. People gathered into the crowd and some indoor activities, made the mall as their new preferred tourism destination. Therefore, this morphological research aims to reveal the importance of Merdeka Town Square as an adaptive communal place in the pandemic situation, using an activity approach (place-centered mapping). Through this research and some design recommendations, we hope to present an educational discussion about an adaptive communal space to the citizens and governmen
Morphogenesis, Estimated Allele Frequency, and Heterozygosity in The Putative Mutation Population of Solomon Teak (M1V1)
Full text linkIn vitro continuous development (proliferation) and growth enhancement of callus, which orginated from irradiated-plantlets of Solomon teak clones, have been sequentially conducted on culture medium of (1) MS + 0.1 ppm kinetin, then transferred to (2) an half-strength MS + 0.1 ppm kinetin + 0.1 ppm BAP + 100 ppm charcoal, to (3) an half-strength MS + 0.1 ppm BAP + 3% sugar and finally to (4) half strength MS + 0.3 ppm BAP + 3% sugar. The objectives of this research were to evaluate the morphogenesis of putative-mutant Solomon teak from generation M1V1 and estimate allele frequencies as well as population heterozygosity in vitro. Results demonstrated that exposure to gamma irradiation (10, 20, 30, and 40 Gy) in the M1V1 generation induced callus formation within two weeks, followed by the development of embryogenic callus. Genetic analysis revealed low diversity among M1V1 individuals as indicated by Na>Ne and He<Uhe. Gamma irradiation potentially increased both allele number and heterozygosity by approximately 50%. Ten putative-mutant teak seedlings are obtained, these lines should be maintained and propagated as valuable genetic resource for future teak improvement program
Efficiency of Timber Skidding Operation in Pasoh Forest Jelebu, Peninsular Malaysia
Full text linkTimber skidding is one of the most important elements of forest harvesting. The forest harvesting process includes all operations from tree cutting and logging to a mill, rail depot, or ship dock. Efficiency is the ability to avoid wasting materials, energy, efforts, money, and time in doing something or in producing a desired result. For skidding operation, widely using crawler tractors as a medium in transporting logs to the temporary log yard requires attention from many sides. This is because it may affect productivity and the time consumed to do the work. The objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between distance, time, and productivity of skidding operation by crawler tractor and take place at Compartment 65 and 66 Pasoh Forest Reserve, Jelebu, Peninsular Malaysia. Thus, in this study, the distribution of work elements on time consumption shows that skidding seems to consume more time compared to other processes, since crawler tractor workers manually do the work. As a result, the average volume per trip, productivity, and time for skidding using a crawler tractor at the initial skidding area close to the landing are 27.74 m3, 54.65 m3, and 13.5 minutes, respectively. The total distance travelled by the crawler tractor to handle the load also influenced the efficiency of time and consequently affected the rate of productivity. The harvesting operation in Pasoh Forest Jelebu, Negeri Sembilan, Peninsular Malaysia is still well managed to produce timber products, and the skidding operation in this site is efficient and productive. As the suggestion, more study need to be conducted in vary in term of distances, times, and volumes, and in various conditions representing the timber skidding operation in this area
Kekuasaan Dalam Tradisi: Kajian Dinasti Politik di Desa Banrimanurung Kabupaten Jeneponto
Full text linkPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mendukung keberlanjutan dinasti politik di Desa Banrimanurung, Kecamatan Bangkala Barat, Kabupaten Jeneponto. Fenomena ini menarik perhatian karena dinasti politik sering dianggap bertentangan dengan prinsip demokrasi modern, tetapi di Banrimanurung, keluarga Karaeng berhasil mempertahankan kekuasaan mereka selama beberapa generasi. Masalah utama yang diangkat adalah bagaimana tradisi dan struktur sosial mendukung keberlanjutan dinasti politik dalam konteks demokrasi lokal. Metode yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam dengan tokoh masyarakat, keluarga dinasti politik, dan warga setempat, observasi partisipatif, serta studi dokumentasi. Analisis data dilakukan secara tematik dengan menggunakan kerangka teori hegemoni Antonio Gramsci dan patron-klien untuk menjelaskan dinamika kekuasaan dan legitimasi dinasti politik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keberlanjutan dinasti politik di Desa Banrimanurung didukung oleh empat faktor utama: legitimasi tradisional yang berasal dari simbol kekaraengan, pengaruh nilai-nilai adat seperti pangndakkang, hubungan patron-klien yang menciptakan ketergantungan ekonomi, dan fleksibilitas keluarga Karaeng dalam beradaptasi dengan sistem demokrasi modern. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa dinasti politik di tingkat lokal dapat bertahan melalui sinergi antara nilai-nilai tradisional, kontrol ekonomi, dan strategi adaptasi politik. Studi ini memberikan wawasan penting tentang bagaimana tradisi dan demokrasi lokal dapat hidup berdampingan di Indonesia
Adjusting Anomalies in International Tourist Arrivals to North Sumatra During the Peak COVID-19 Period (April 2020 to June 2022) to Enhance the Validity of Time Series Modeling
Full text linkThe feasibility of time series modeling is significantly influenced by both the availability and the structural patterns of the data. Regular and continuous data collection over time is essential for constructing reliable time series models, particularly for forecasting purposes. Generally, a minimum of 50 time series data points is considered ideal to ensure the robustness and predictive power of such models. However, the presence of extreme fluctuations—such as sharp spikes or drops—can severely affect the integrity of the model. In the context of international tourist arrivals to North Sumatra during the peak period of the COVID-19 pandemic (April 2020 to June 2022), substantial data anomalies were observed. The results of modifying these anomalies indicate that increasing the number of adjusted data points during this period leads to a greater number of feasible time series models suitable for predictive analysis