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A Literature Review on Arnold-Chiari Disease in Children (Evaluation of Surgical Approach and Post-Surgical Management)
Full text linkBackground: Arnold-Chiari (AC) disease in children is a complex congenital condition requiring multidisciplinary management. Surgical intervention is often necessary to correct affected anatomy and alleviate symptoms. Objective: To investigate surgical approaches and post-surgical management of AC in children and identify knowledge gaps. Methods: Literature search was systematically conducted through PubMed using relevant keywords. Inclusion criteria encompassed studies within the past 15 years pertaining to pediatric neurosurgery and Chiari. Results: Six relevant studies highlighted the importance of intraoperative electrophysiological monitoring, comparison of outcomes between posterior decompression with and without duraplasty, correlation of CSF flow with surgical outcomes, post-operative pain management, and indications for syringosubarachnoid shunt placement. Knowledge gaps remain regarding long-term effects of monitoring techniques, surgical outcome comparisons, CSF flow relationships, and pain management. Conclusion: Surgical intervention for AC in children is critical, yet meticulous post-surgical management is required. Cross-disciplinary collaboration and a holistic approach are necessary to enhance understanding and care of AC in children
Analysis of marketing efficiency and margin of tomatoes in Sabon Gari LGA, Kaduna State, Nigeria
Full text linkThe study evaluates the marketing margin and efficiency of tomato marketing in Sabon Gari Local Government Area, Kaduna State, Nigeria, where tomatoes are a crucial agricultural product. Despite being the second-largest tomato producer globally, Nigeria's tomato marketing faces challenges such as seasonality and perishability, with insufficient government support for marketing facilities. It’s against this backdrop that the study attempted to determine the marketing margin and efficiency of tomatoes and to identify the tomato marketing constraints in the study area. A multistage sampling method was used to select the respondents. In the first stage, two vegetable markets were purposefully chosen based on the level of patronage they received. The second stage involved a random selection of 20% of the total traders from a list of traders obtained from their association thus making a total of 100 respondents from the two markets. Data were analyzed using basic statistical techniques viz, mean, percentage, and frequency table. Findings revealed that producers received 96.77% and 94.65% of sales in Samaru and Sabo-Gari markets, while wholesalers and retailers received only 1.09% and 3.31%, respectively. The marketing efficiency was notably higher in Sabon-Gari (114.88%) compared to Samaru (35.66%). Major constraints to tomato marketing were perishability, high input costs, and price swings. To enhance efficiency, the study recommends educating Samaru marketers on value addition and improving logistical support, such as timely input delivery, and better storage and transportation facilities
Microfinance services and membership of farmer-based organization as drivers of household food security among rice farmers in Niger and Nasarawa States, Nigeria
Full text linkFood security in Nigeria is a critical issue, with millions of farming households struggling daily. One potential solution is the provision of microfinance services and the promotion of membership in farmer-based organizations. This study examines the effect of these factors on the food security of 300 rice-farming households in Niger and Nasarawa States. Using descriptive and inferential statistics, ordered probit regression, and the household food insecurity access scale, the study reveals key findings: larger household sizes, older household heads, higher education levels, and larger farm sizes negatively affect food security. Conversely, membership of farmer-based organizations, access to microcredit and microsavings, extension services, farm income, and farming experience positively influence food security. The household food insecurity access scale (HFIAS) analysis shows that only 49% of rice-farming households in the study area are food secure. The study recommends expanding microfinance services, especially microcredit and microsavings, to improve food security among rice-farming households. Additionally, farmers should be encouraged to join farmer-based organizations to enhance their food security
SME Center Development Strategy Langkat Furniture in an Effort to Increase Competitiveness with SWOT Analysis and QSPM
Full text linkThe construction of an SME center is an alternative for the Langkat Regency government to develop the furniture industry. Until now, SME centers have not shown economic development and activity as expected. A prospective strategy to analyze internal and external environmental factors related to development, competitiveness and existence needs to be owned by SME centers. This research aims to analyze internal and external factors, as well as develop alternative strategies for developing the Langkat Furniture SME center. The analysis tools used are the SWOT matrix and QSPM. Previous research did not determine a development strategy for the small industrial sector which focused on centers built by the government with the concept of artificial development. Respondents in this study were SMEs and government employees who knew the conditions of the centers as a whole. The results of the IE matrix analysis show the position of SME centers in quadrant I, namely belonging to the category of growth through vertical integrity. The formulation of alternative strategies from matching each internal and external factor in the SWOT matrix resulted in 9 strategies. The results of the IE and SWOT matrix assessment and analysis of the strategies formulated show that the strategies required regarding the development of SME centers are intensive, namely market penetration, product development and market development. The QSPM analysis displays strategic decisions that are priorities according to the conditions of the Langkat Furniture SME center, namely the commitment of the local government in developing the center
The Influence of Vertical Housing Development on the Spatial Structure in Medan Petisah District
Full text linkResidential land is becoming less available as Medan city centers continue to grow. As a result, land and house values have skyrocketed. In addition, the increasing number of city dwellers has made it more difficult to supply the demand for housing. One way to solve this problem is to build vertikal buildings that provide vertikal hunian that can satisfy the needs of the local populace. Perimahan vertikal may be a necessary and practical measure for the general public who wish to interact with workplaces, public spaces, educational institutions, and other activities.Vertical buildings are buildings that have a perpendicular shape and arrangement from bottom to top. Low-rise buildings have three or four layers of floors or a height of + 10 meters, while high-rise buildings have more than four layers of floors and a height of more than 10 meters. Vertical buildings or multi-storey buildings have several influences, including land efficiency. Vertical use of space can increase land efficiency. House prices. Demand for space. Multi-storey buildings are built to meet the high demand for space in the area. Multi-storey buildings are built because of limited expensive land in urban areas.The demand for apartments becomes a wise investment when the population of urban areas continues to expand but there is a lack of equivalent urban land for housing. With its large capacity, vertical housing may produce green open space in a vertical setting
Impact of Gating Characteristics On Place Dependence In FESTAC Housing Estate, Nigeria
Full text linkThe evolutions of urban spaces has brought about diverse residential typologies which often end up as gated. This has implications for behavioural outcomes. The study examines the impact of gating characteristics on placed dependence in urban residential neighbourhoods. Qualitative survey method was used to collect primary data through the use of questionnaires and observation checklists. Nine neighbourhoods were identified within the study area with four (4) of them characterized as Single Family and five (5) multiple family house types. The study finds that gate (ing) was accorded greater priority and hence its prevalence regardless of house types. Nevertheless single family neighbourhoods have higher gating attributes than multiple family neighbourhoods. Also by comparative advantage place dependence is more pronounced in Single Family Neighbourhoods than the Multiple Family. Overall, the study finds that gating systems, speed bumps, security patrol gate house, and security signage are the significant predictors of place dependence in FESTAC. The findings therefore validates the increasing popularity of gating in the shaping of the urban residential environment and therefore needs to be considered as a critical facility that serves functional utility by urban planners and designers as a goal to improve place dependence attributes in urban residential environment
Vegetation Composition of the Succession Forest of Sumatran Orangutan (Pongo abelii) Habitat in Tropical Lowland Forest, Gunung Leuser National Park
No full textThe Gunung Leuser National Park (GLNP) area, among others, consist of tropical lowland-forest ecosystems that becomes the habitat of Sumatran orangutans (Pongo abelii). The GLNP is located at Aceh dan North Sumatra Provinces and lies on 830,268,95 hectares of land. To date, the area is not free from the pressure of forest degradation, such as encroachment and land conversion to plantations. This is a perturbing condition, especially concerning the biodiversity in its lowland-forest ecosystem. The vegetation composition that renders the succession of Sumatran orangutans in the GLNP lowland-forest was obtained by conducting vegetation analysis on the restoration sites in the forest. The analysis method adopted on this research was the grid-path method. Two transect lines, 1,000 metres each, were made for this purpose. Each line consisted of 10 plots with a distance of 100 metres between plots. The measurements were made on the growth rate of seedling, sapling, pole, and tree. The data were then processed to determine the Important Value Index (IVI), Diversity Index, Richness Index of vegetation, and Dominance Index of the research area. The results showed that the vegetation composition that rendered the succession of lowland-forests of GLNP consisted of 58 species and 26 families. Ficus fistulosa had the highest IVI at the growth-stages of seedling and sapling. And Macaranga tanarius had the highest IVI at the growth-stages of pole and tree. The species Diversity Index (Shannon-Wiener index) of the vegetation on the restoration site in lowland forests of GLNP showed moderate values at the growth-stage of seedling and pole, and high values at the growth-stages of sapling and tree. The Richness Index of vegetation showed moderate values at the growth-stages of seedling and pole. As for at the stages of sapling and tree, it showed high values. The Dominance Index of the restoration site in lowland forests of GLNP showed high values at all growth-stages
Failure of Persatuan Pembangunan Party to Pass The Parliamentary Threshold In The 2024 Elections: An Analysis From The Perspective of Party Institutionalization
Full text linkThe purpose of this research is to analyze the failure of the PPP in the 2024 elections using the perspective of political party institutionalization. This research uses a qualitative method with a case study approach. The data collection technique in this research is a literature study. The findings of this study explain that PPP's failure to qualify for parliament in the 2024 elections is dominated by its very poor institutionalization factor. On the root of society indicator, the PPP failed in two ways, namely the party elite's poor psychological reading of its voter base and its slowness in understanding the importance of transforming internal changes, which resulted in a significantly underdeveloped social mass base. Then, the autonomy indicator explains that PPP does not fully have autonomy in making decisions regarding the nomination of candidates for the 2024 elections. On the Level of organization indicator, PPP also experienced a very acute and prolonged management conflict problem. This has made PPP's image in the community very bad. Finally, the coherence indicator shows that PPP is weak in consolidating cadres and sympathizers, which has an impact on the lack of solidarity in following the decisions taken by the party for the 2024 elections
Assessing Environmental Drivers of the Distribution of the Rare Species Johannesteijsmannia altifrons: a literature review
Full text linkJohannesteijsmannia altifrons, a palm species exhibits unique dispersal mechanisms and distribution patterns that are critical to understanding its ecological dynamics. Dispersal has a significant impact on this species' spatial distribution and population dynamics. The distribution is significantly influenced by altitude, which affects its growth and habitat suitability. Publications and references in this analysis came from scientific articles published in bibliographic databases such as Scopus and Google Scholar. The keyword search used was “Johannesteijsmannia altifronsâ€. The authors examined the literature related to the subject of the systematic review, assessed methodological rigor, analyzed the results being reported in the selected studies. Condensed and organized the data before incorporating the findings into a comprehensive systematic review in narrative form. The distribution of J. altifrons in Indonesia is mainly in the Sumatra region, especially in the Northern and Central parts of the island. Taman Nasional Gunung Leuser (TNGL), Bukit Bungkuk Nature Reserve Forest and the surrounding lowland forests are good habitats. This species has habitat suitability at range elevations 20-500 meters (asl), very steep slopes (≥ 45%). Optimal growth occurs under tree canopies, which provide the necessary shade for the plant to thrive. This suggests a specific habitat preference that influences its distributio
Efficacy of Nintedanib for Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis and Its Safety for Breastfeeding and Pregnancy
Full text linkBackground : An interstitial lung disease called pulmonary fibrosis can cause breathing difficulties by leaving scars in the lungs. IPF is the most prevalent kind of PF. A multiple tyrosine kinase inhibitor called nintedanib received approval for use in antifibrotic treatment. There are two dosage forms for nintedanib: 100 mg and 150 mg for oral use. Two times a day, 150 mg should be taken with food. The FVC decrease was effectively reduced with nintedanib. In INPULSIS-1, INPULSIS-2, and a data set , the yearly rate of FVC decrease was considerably reduced in nintedanib users than in placebo users. The mortality rate from respiratory causes was 3.8% for patient received nintedanib as opposed to 5.0% for patient received placebo. In this review, we mainly reviewed reports on efficacy of nintedanib for IPF and its safety for breastfeeding and pregnancy.
Method : This review extracted the resources from PubMed using the boolean method [â€Efficacy of nintedanib†OR "nintedanib efficacyâ€] AND "pulmonary fibrosisâ€. Compared to people who used placebo in the INPULSIS-1 and INPULSIS-2 trials, nintedanib recipients showed significantly decreased annual rates of FVC. Before beginning nintedanib and as needed throughout treatment, confirm your pregnancy status. Women should be informed that breastfeeding is not advised due to the possibility of harmful side effects in nursing babies from nintedanib.
Conclusion, patients treated with nintedanib observed a decreased rate of Interstitial Lung Disease development compared to who treated with placebo and it's not recommended for pregnant and breastfeeding women.
latarbelakang: Penyakit paru interstisial yang disebut fibrosis paru dapat menyebabkan kesulitan bernapas dengan meninggalkan bekas luka di paru-paru. Fibrosis paru idiopatik merupakan jenis fibrosis paru yang paling banyak. Nintedanib merupakan inhibitor tirosin kinase yang digunakan dalam pengobatan antifibrotic. Ada dua bentuk sediaan nintedanib untuk dikonsumsi secara oral : 100 mg dan 150 mg. Dosis 150 mg dikonsumsi dua kali sehari bersama dengan makanan. Penggunaan nintedanib sangat efektif dalam penurunan Forced Vital Capacity(FVC) dalam INPULSIS-1, INPULSIS-2, dan kumpulan data, tingkat penurunan Forced Vital Capatcity(FVC) tahunan sangat berkurang pada pengguna nintedanib daripada pengguna plasebo. Tingkat kematian akibat penyebab pernapasan adalah 3,8% untuk pasien yang menerima nintedanib dibandingkan dengan 5,0% untuk pasien yang menerima plasebo. Dalam ulasan ini, kami meninjau laporan tentang kemanjuran nintedanib untuk fibrosis paru idiopatik dan keamanannya untuk menyusui dan kehamilan. Metode: Ulasan ini mengambil sumber dari PubMed menggunakan metode boolean ["Efikasi nintedanib" ATAU "kemanjuran nintedanib"] DAN "fibrosis paru". Dibandingkan dengan orang yang menggunakan plasebo dalam uji coba INPULSIS-1 dan INPULSIS-2, penerima nintedanib menunjukkan tingkat Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) tahunan yang menurun secara signifikan. Sebelum memulai nintedanib dan sesuai kebutuhan selama perawatan, konfirmasikan status kehamilan Anda