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Enhanced Redox Storage and Diverse Intercalation in Layered Metal Organic Frameworks with a Staggered Stacking Mode
No full textTwo-dimensional metal organic frameworks (2D MOFs) with honeycomb-like porous sheets are of growing interest for applications in electrochemical energy storage and electrocatalysis. Notably, 2D MOFs that host their porous sheets in eclipsed or slipped-parallel stacking modes possess continuous one-dimensional pores (1D) and have been widely studied. In contrast, related 2D MOFs with a staggered stacking mode have reduced porosity, are relatively rare, and are largely unexplored for applications. Here we report 2-fold enhanced redox storage and intercalation of diverse ions in a staggered-stacked, nonporous 2D MOF over its eclipsed-stacked, porous counterpart. Interestingly, both MOFs, despite undergoing similar ligand-centered redox processes, differ by storing four and two electrons per formula unit of the staggered and eclipsed phases, respectively. Taken together, the stacking mode-dependent modulation of a ligand\u27s redox behavior in 2D MOFs offers a new avenue to tune structureâ??property relationships and presents important motivation to explore nonporous 2D MOFs
Examining the Relationship Between Adverse Childhood Experiences, Coping Behaviors, and Metabolic Syndrome in Mexican-American Men
No full textBackground: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been increasing in the US over recent years. Individuals who have experienced adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and developed maladaptive coping strategies are at increased risk of developing MetS. Hispanic men might have an increased risk of developing MetS due to higher exposure to ACEs and increased use of maladaptive coping strategies.Purpose: To examine the relationship between ACEs, coping, and MetS among Mexican-American men. Methods: A secondary analysis of cross-sectional study of 100 adult men from El Paso, Texas in 2018-19. ACEs were examined using the 10-item ACE questionnaire. Coping was assessed through eight self-regulatory coping behaviors (SRCBs). MetS was assessed by measuring waist circumference, blood pressure, HbA1c, triglycerides, and cholesterol. Odds ratios were conducted to examine the independent relationship between the variables of interest, and multiple logistic regression was conducted to investigate the best predictive model. Results: Though lacking statistical significance, the mean ACE score was slightly higher for the participants who utilized the SRCBs of eating more than usual (m=3.419), prayer (m=3.641), social support (3.688), and seeking advice from a counselor (m=3.548) than those who did not utilize these SRCBs. Meanwhile, those who utilized the SRCBs of alcohol (m=3.339), drugs (m=3.357), smoking cigarettes (m=3.231), and heavy exercise (m=3.353) had a slightly lower mean ACE score than those who did not utilize these SRCBs. Men with an ACE score of four or more had higher odds of having MetS than those with an ACE score of 0-3 (OR = 1.213; 95% CI = 0.529, 2.782). Participants with MetS had higher percentages of using health-harming SRCBs, including alcohol use (55.6%), drug use (56.0%), eating more than usual (58.5%), and smoking cigarettes (52.0%), than those who did not have MetS. However, participants with MetS also had higher percentages of using health-promoting SRCBs, including heavy exercise (59.4%), prayer (63.9%), social support (65.6%), and seeking advice from a counselor (63.3%), than those who did not have MetS. The participants who use alcohol (OR = 0.625; 95% CI = 0.266, 1.470), drugs (OR = 0.788; 95% CI = 0.311, 1.995), eating more than usual (OR = 0.925; 95% CI = 0.396, 2.162), smoking cigarettes (OR = 0.619; 95% CI = 0.244, 1.571), and heavy exercise (OR = 0.893; 95% CI = 0.363, 2.199) to cope have lower odds of having MetS compared to those who do not use these SRCBs to cope. The participants who use prayer (OR = 1.460; 95% CI = 0.606, 3.518), social support (OR = 1.905; 95% CI = 0.797, 4.552), and who seek help from a counselor, minister, or other professional person (OR = 1.283; 95% CI = 0.522, 3.154) to cope have higher odds of having MetS compared to those who do not use these SRCBs to cope. Men with an ACE score of four or more were more likely to have MetS than those with an ACE score of 0-3 (OR = 1.213; 95% CI = 0.529, 2.782). Overall, 64.2% of MetS cases were correctly predicted, given the model, including ACE score and SRCBs. However, ACE score and SRCBs are not independently associated with MetS (p=0.806). Conclusions: Despite a lack of statistical significance, the results demonstrated utilizing certain SRCBs makes an individual more likely to have MetS. The lack of significant findings might be attributed to the fact that this sample was mostly highly educated, medically insured, and employed full-time. Additionally, the analysis may not have adequate power to demonstrate statistical significance. Recommendations: Research investigating metabolic syndrome may consider using a biopsychosocial model to integrate both psychological and coping behavioral factors as necessary factors to intervene upon men who have experienced ACEs. Additionally, a large, randomized sample with equal sample sizes of Hispanic and non-Hispanic individuals to increase diversity in SES and responses to the utilization of SRCBs
Constructing A Discourse Model Across Modalities In Bilinguals
No full textThe present study aimed to explore whether discourse integration is affected by differences in modalities, and if the magnitude of the effect is modulated by language dominance for bilingual readers. Spanish-English bilinguals read and listened to pairs of passages describing two fake science facts, one of which was repeated across passages and the other revised in the second passage. The pair of passages were either in the dominant or less dominant language. The modality (audio or text) of each member of the passage pair was manipulated across four within-subject conditions. After the second passage of each pair, participants verbally recalled the content and then answered follow-up, multiple-choice comprehension questions. Overall greater recall and higher accuracy scores were observed for dominant language passage pairs relative to non-dominant language pairs. This was even more evident when the revised information was presented in the audio modality, suggesting there is an added challenge of updating a discourse model if the information is learned auditorily. There was no effect of modality on accuracy or recall for the consistent facts. These findings are discussed according to the transfer-appropriate processing and structure-building framework
Tracking - uh - attention: Examining the influence of filled pauses during speech comprehension
No full textIn this study, we investigated the temporal dynamics of attention during comprehension and the subsequent effects of changes in attention on speech production manipulated via the filled pause uh. Participants orally described a series of pictures (pretest description phase), then listened to a short informational passage and answered comprehension questions about the passage, and then orally described another series of pictures (posttest description phase). Participants completed this twice: the first passage included a dative structure alternation, and the second passage included a passive structure alternation. For each passage, half of the participants heard a passage with filled pauses included (present) or with no filled pauses (absent). We measured participants\u27 pupil diameter as they listened to the passages to index online attention and measured pupil size synchrony - an index of moment-to-moment shared attention across observers. We also measured downstream influences on processing via tendency to reuse the prevalent structure in the passage, and via comprehension accuracy of the passages. For speech with filled pauses compared to without, we found that pupil size was larger overall, peaking after the filled pause appeared, and that listeners\u27 synchrony was higher. Regarding subsequent behavior, we found no evidence of structural alignment in any condition, nor any influence from filled pauses. We also did not find effects of filled pauses on comprehension accuracy. Taken together, these results suggest that filled pauses influence attention in the moment and do not interfere with downstream processing
Fair Economic Division: How to Modify Shapley Value to Take Into Account that Different People Have Different Productivity
No full textPurpose: When several participants, working together, gained some amount of money, what is the fair way to distribute this amount between them? This is the problem that the future Nobelist Lloyd Shapley was working on when he proposed what is now called the Shapley value -- a division uniquely determined by natural fairness assumptions. However, this solutions is not universal: it assumes that all participants are equal -- in particular, that they have equal productivity. In practice, people have different productivity levels, and these productivity levels can differ a lot: e.g., some software engineers are several times more productive than others. It is desirable to take this difference in productivity into account.
Design/methodology/approach: Shapley value is based on an axiomatic approach: it is uniquely determined by the appropriate fairness assumptions. To generalize Shapley value to the case of different productivity, we modified these assumptions appropriately, and analyzed what can be derived from these modified assumptions.
Findings: We prove that there is a unique division scheme that satisfies all the resulting assumptions. This scheme is thus a generalization of Shapley value to this more general and more realistic situation, when different participants have different productivity.
Originality/value: Both the formulation of the problem and the result are new. The resulting division scheme can be used to more adequately distribute the common gains -- by explicitly taking into account that different participants have, in general, different productivity
Why Linear and Sigmoid Last Layers Work Better in Classification
No full textUsually, when a deep neural network is used to classify objects, its last layer computes the softmax. Our empirical results show we can improve the classification results if instead, we have linear or sigmoid last layer. In this paper, we provide an explanation for this empirical phenomenon
La Viuda Del Panamá -- a Sixteenth-Century Novel
No full textLa Viuda del Panamá es una novela histórica acerca de Sir Francis Drake y su amante, María Isabel Domínguez--una viuda mestiza de quien él se enamora cuando ella lo salva de una muerte segura. Isabel oculta su ascendencia india porque, en el pueblito Nombre de Dios, esa circunstancia es un pecado social. Mas al corregidor don Pedro—un viudo quien ha tenido un matrimonio infernal—no le interesa la pureza de sangre. Nacido en un hogar judeo-musulmán, don Pedro se enamora de Isabel desde el día en que ella lo atiende en la posada La Costeña y decide ofrecerle un futuro impensable para una mestiza. Francis Drake, primo del pirata John Hawkyns, es miserable: busca en el Nuevo Mundo una muerte honrosa en la guerra naval contra España. Pero cuando conoce a la infanta española, quiere vivir lejos de su más preciada ambición. En el marco de la época colonial, el Nuevo Mundo une a estos tres personajes en una historia que explora cómo el amor y los recuerdos redimen hasta al más desdichado