Open Journal Systems at the Victoria University of Wellington Library
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Facial Recognition Technology Code of Ethics
Get PDFFacial recognition technology (FRT) is a tool used to identify individuals by scanning their face and comparing it to a database of facial images. In the last decade, the use of FRT has rapidly increased and is now used all around the world. This has resulted in many ethical issues caused by taking an individual’s images without consent to train FRT programs, FRT misidentifying individuals, and using FRT to classify individuals as part of specific groups based on appearance alone. Because of these issues, a new code of ethics is proposed to provide a guideline for the creation and use of FRT. The code of ethics will prevent images of individuals from being taken and used without their consent and prevent FRT from being used unethically
Code of Ethics for Facial Recognition Systems: A Case Study
Get PDFThe integration of Facial Recognition Systems (FRS) in society is increasing. A key factor in adequate performance for FRS is the reliance on user data. Hence it is important not only to understand the ethical issues surrounding FRS but also to ensure that a proper code of ethics is established. This paper analyses and discusses the ethical issues with existing FRS as well as ethical conducts that are already put in place. Additionally, a new code of ethics will be created for FRS. Furthermore, a case study of a specific project involving FRS is conducted. Each principle listed in the newly created code of ethics is applied to the selected project
Case Study: Code of Ethics for Facial Recognition Technology
Get PDFFacial Recognition Technology (FRT) is a way of identifying an individual by comparing their facial signature to a database of known faces. It has many current uses, and this is only expected to grow due to its many potential and promising applications. However, this technology presents a lot of ethical issues that need to be addressed. This paper examines current literature to find the current ethical issues of FRT such as its usage to infringe on one’s privacy, use an individual’s data without their consent and misidentify individuals. Based on these issues, a code of ethics will be created that will ensure an individual's privacy and data security and minimize the biases and misidentifications in FRT. This code of ethics is applied and assessed via a case study about the usage of live facial recognition technology in the New Zealand Police
Creating a Code of Ethics for Social Engineering in Cybersecurity: A Case Study
Get PDFThe world of cybersecurity is fast growing and has the need of more competent social engineers who can train staff and improve training further in the industry. They can engage with people if they were to either get information out of them or to educate them on their own. They can then further educate their workplace’s cybersecurity posture towards social engineering attacks such as phishing, raising awareness about spyware, and teaching new personnel about the importance of upholding a professional standard while out on client engagements
A New Model of Collaboration
Get PDFGovernment agencies must collaborate at the front line to succeed in addressing complex problems (e.g., assisting individuals and families with multiple needs). Previous attempts to improve frontline collaboration have had limited success. A different approach, using the insights of comparative institutional economics and public governance literature, would focus on the principles that underpin successful public sector collaboration. A specialist hierarchical system (i.e. the current system) places different expectations, performance characteristics, information needs and accountabilities on public servants than a collaborative, network-based system does. This article outlines five design principles to guide the development of a new collective1 model as a separate but connected system in the New Zealand public sector. The proposed model would help draw citizens, iwi, NGOs and others into more collaborative and constructive relationships with the government to pursue the resolution of the most complex and important challenges our country faces
The Habilitation Centre Ideal: Carceral Contradictions and Alternatives to Prison in Aotearoa New Zealand
Get PDFThis article examines the potential role of ‘habilitation centres’ in the Labour government’s attempts to reduce the prison population, starting with the recent recommendations of an expert panel who called for the ‘gradual replacement of most prisons with community-based habilitation centres’. I trace this idea to the Roper report in the 1980s, showing how its emergence in Aotearoa New Zealand was shaped by problematic models of community corrections developed in the United States, with the habilitation centre articulated as a political compromise at a time of neoliberalisation and growing calls for Māori self-determination in criminal justice. Drawing on insights from Foucault and the broader field of carceral studies—though leaving the theory largely in the background—I spotlight the contradictions of the habilitation centre and other prison alternatives that rely on creating new sites of carceral confinement in the community. The analysis points to the dangers of a national network of habilitation centres being developed to extend, rather than replace, the existing system of hyper-incarceration
Mixed Messages: Māori/Pasifika Masculinities and Aotearoa/New Zealand Identity in Television Advertising, 2000–2019
Get PDFThere is an ongoing association between masculinity and New Zealand identity which can be traced in popular culture and television advertising. Until the early 2000s, white (Pākehā) men/homosocial “Kiwi blokes” predominated but television advertising has since featured a steady increase in Māori/Pasifika men and boys, which also reflects their greater prominence in local popular culture (in comedy, for example). Similar to representations of African American men, Māori/Pasifika masculinities are subject to binary stereotyping: generally more positive in advertisements for commercial products and more negative in anti-drug public service advertisements. These categories relate to the incorporation of non-white subjects into colonial, patriarchal discourse (and shift according to its imperatives). One important shift internationally is the emergence of non-white fatherhood as a way of signalling ethnic diversity while also reaffirming colonial and neoliberal values. There is a related shift from the male “hard bodies” of the 1980s and 1990s towards a more relational, “softer” masculinity; locally, there is a shift away from the “hard” Kiwi bloke (or non-white sporting “warrior”) towards “postfeminist fatherhood.” This features kindly, often humorous paternalism and “magical” scenarios, including literal and metaphorical father/son relations, which may, in the local context, take on connotations of tāngata whenua welcoming manuhiri (Pākehā) into “their land.” A “progressive” discourse of positively imaging Māori/Pasifika men as implicit “fathers of the nation” (and clearly there is a slippage here between Māori and Pasifika through the use of ethnically ambiguous actors) justifies heteronormativity and reconfirms the homosocial emphasis in New Zealand identity as well as neoliberal values
The Fostering of “All-Round Gardens”: Suburban Horticultural Societies in Wellington, 1910–40
Get PDFBetween 1910 and 1940, horticultural societies flourished in Wellington’s suburbs. This case study looks at the reasons for their establishment, profiles their membership, outlines the scope and growth of their operations, and examines the causes of their eventual demise. The importance of gender, class, and race in the societies’ membership is explored and the societies’ contribution to the development of a suburban gardening culture in New Zealand considered
A Note on the signed occurrences of propositional variables
No full textThis note concerns the positive and negative occurrences of propositional variables. Just like the theory of infectious truth-values provides an algebraic understanding of the position according to which identity of subject-matter between two formulas can approximated syntactically by the identity of propositional variables occurring in these formulas, we develop an algebraic understanding of the similar position which considers signed occurrence (i.e., positive or negative) instead of mere occurrence. We apply our framework to classical logic, yielding this first (to our knowledge) semantic characterisation of the logic called SCL by Hornischer (2020). Moreover, we settle two conjectures by Humberstone (2014) which use signed occurrences to study the equational logic of the power algebra of the two-valued Boolean algebra
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