Open Journal Systems at the Victoria University of Wellington Library
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Connecting Two Worlds: enhancing knowledge sharing between academics and policymakers in Aotearoa New Zealand
Get PDFThe Covid-19 pandemic has put the research–policy interface in the spotlight, exposing the synergies and tensions between researchand policy. The complexity of responding to Covid-19 has also highlighted the potential for research to inform responses to other major societal challenges. Researchers are enthusiastic about working with policymakers to ensure that policy is underpinned by robust evidence, while many in government see the importance of strong evidence underpinning policy. However, there are also significant challenges associated with connecting the complex domains of universities and central government
Constraints on the Exercise of Contractual Powers
Get PDFThis article considers a topic largely ignored by the standard contract texts: contractual powers vested, usually without express restraints, in one of the contracting parties. It gathers the leading Commonwealth decisions on the subject and considers the nature and limits of the commonly-implied "default rule" that such powers may not be exercised arbitrarily, unreasonably or for an improper purpose. The author concludes that in the case of substantive principles such as error of law, improper purpose and irrationality, there is no fundamental difference between the interests protected by contract law, trust law and public law – and nor is there any fundamental difference between the tools used by each to provide that protection
Critical Race Theory and the Law in New Zealand
Get PDFTo respond to the enduring need for a reckoning with racism in New Zealand through legal scholarship and praxis, this article grapples with the question: how can we adopt a Critical Race Theory (CRT) framework that is located within, and appropriate for, the New Zealand context? Our central thesis is that scholars and activists seeking to apply a CRT framework or conduct a CRT analysis in New Zealand should be mindful of the particular circumstances of the settler-colonising state imposed by the Crown. To assist with this mindfulness, we propose five guiding principles for CRT scholarship and praxis in New Zealand, which are all non-prescriptive and subject to critique and further development. To illustrate the usefulness of this framework, we undertake a critical reappraisal of the 1980 Tifaga v Department of Labour case. As we show, it is important to approach this case against the backdrop of the dawn raids and state-fuelled racism against Pacific peoples
Inside Paremoremo
Get PDFThe idea of imprisonment, which substantially dates from the mid-eighteenth-century, is both integral to many societies today and fervently challenged, as criminological research has unquestionably demonstrated that prisons do not effectively achieve aims of protecting society, nor reform or rehabilitation. Over the last 50 years, the history of our prison architecture is bracketed by the building of Paremoremo (in the aftermath of the 1965 Mt Eden prison riot) and the more recent adoption of the American-derived New Generation prisons (e.g. Auckland Central Remand (2000), Mt Eden Corrections Facility (2011), and Kohuora (Auckland South Corrections Facility), Wiri (2015)). Paremoremo (1963-1969; archt: J.R.B. Blake-Kelly), was, at the time, "arguably the most modern and technologically sophisticated gaol in the world." It was influenced by the designs of: Blundeston prison, Suffolk, England (1961-63); Kumla prison, Sweden (1965); and Marion prison, Illinois (1963). The New Generation prisons interiorised the thinking behind 1960s campus-style prisons that displaced the cell to primarily nocturnal habitation. This paper will consider the historical consequences of 1960s prison design and Paremoremo on New Zealand prison architecture
Code of Ethics for Facial Recognition
Get PDFFacial Recognition is a big part of surveillance and security in recent years. Along with any technology there are ethical issues that need to be considered when designing, creating, and using the system. This paper reviews the literature and their codes of ethics and ethical issues surrounding facial recognition to draw conclusions about the most important principles. Issues discussed include bias, collection of data, transparency, vulnerable population, security, and accountability. With these conclusions a code of ethics is introduced to improve or justify the current literature. Elaborations are made on each principle to justify the issue and inform specific ways to make the system ethical. This new code of ethics is then used to analyse the ethics around facial recognition in schools
The role of experts in the Covid-19 pandemic and the limits of their epistemic authority in democracy
Get PDFCopyright © 2020 Lavazza and Farina. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative CommonsAttribution License (CC BY). It was originally published in Frontiers in Public Health, 14 July 2020 | Volume 8 | Article 356 (https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.00356) and is published here with permission
Evolutionary origins of the SARS-CoV-2 sarbecovirus lineage responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic
Get PDFConsulting with Māori during development of a point-of-care device; translational and experiential findings.
Get PDFAim: To consult with Māori on the design and development of a direct-to-consumer point-of-care (POC) device and gather views on point-of-care testing and biotechnology.
Method: One-on-one interviews and small group hui with self-identified Māori university staff and students (n = 6) conducted by an early-career Māori scientist.
Results: Key themes were the importance of achieving improved health outcomes for Māori through addressing known socioeconomic, geographic, and cultural factors that perpetuate health disparities. Other findings were the value of recognising the diversity in modern Māori identities, perspectives, and communities, as well as views on using synthetic biomolecules in medical devices and perceptions of biotechnology, and the potential for cultural over-engagement or misplaced focus in consultation.
Conclusion: In this article, we describe our approach and experience of consultation led by a Māori lab-based scientist, and report unique perspectives of biotechnology from non-expert Māori academics for the first time. Direct-to-consumer POC testing may promote kaupapa Māori values such as tino rangatiratanga, whakawhanaungatanga and tikanga, which may help Māori overcome barriers to health care and testing, a key step in achieving improved health outcomes
Vocational education and training reform in Aotearoa New Zealand: The value of educators and education in a new VET environment
Get PDFThe Education and Training Act 2020 provides an opportunity to transform the Vocational Education and Training (VET) system in Aotearoa New Zealand to ensure participants are successfully prepared for participation in the current and future workforce. The authors of this paper discuss current reforms in the VET system beyond the changing of components and the assignation of requisite tasks. While change to processes and systems can have an impact on VET outcomes, the kind of change that transforms individual lives and life chances depends on the decision-making and approaches made possible only by individuals ‘at the coalface.’ Indeed, changes to training programmes and processes alone cannot give effect to improved outcomes. The authors suggest that it is educators, the often unnamed and invisible workforce that will provide the basis for transformational VET based change. The VET workforce who daily mediate training programmes and curriculum as educators, facilitators, trainers, instructors and teachers are central to the transformation of VET. Indeed, the most challenging and complex of changes within the Review of Vocational Education (RoVE) is one that is not yet accounted for or named – the VET education workforce. The authors call for a recognition of educators in VET and an acknowledgement of the centrality of their work in change. A case for planning and strategy that provides direction for the education and training workforce to build their knowledge and capability for a new VET is presented, without which the opportunity for transformational reform is at risk of being lost to componentry change
Writing a positive empirical accounting and finance journal article using data from developing and emerging economies: Reflections from selected African studies
Get PDFThere has been significant increase in the amount of empirical studies in accounting and finance journals that use data exclusively from developing and emerging economies in Africa, Asia, Eastern Europe, Middle East, South America and the Caribbean and that employ positivist approaches, relying almost exclusively on quantitative research methods. Whilst this growth is commendable, a considerable number of such studies have been criticised for ‘blindly’ or ‘naively’ applying theories and approaches (‘naïve empiricism’) that are often more appropriate to developed economies contexts rather than the ones on developing and emerging economies. This tends to impair their distinctiveness, and consequently, their unique role in contributing to broader extant debates in positivist empirical accounting and finance literature. In this paper, I set out to briefly address some of the key issues that authors of such studies may take into account when conceiving, designing and executing their studies based largely on my personal efforts, experiences, insights and lessons learnt, including from other co-authors, colleagues, managers, mentors, supervisors and students over the years. Specifically, I argue that authors of such studies need to fully understand and carefully consider the unique contextual developmental issues, draw insights from appropriate theories, and employ suitable quantitative data and data analyses techniques in executing their studies. I hope that in doing so, that the distinctive contribution/s of such studies may be enhanced
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