Open Journal Systems at the Victoria University of Wellington Library
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Architectural design in 1890s Wellington cityscapes
Get PDFIn the absence of landscape architecture as a profession the aggregation and location of architects (and local authority engineers) directly impacted cityscapes where they practiced. As well as the built environment other factors were significant in shaping the cityscape, such as the distribution of population growth, regulation of subdivision and road construction, and land sale practices of the time. The late nineteenth century was a period over which the architectural profession was beginning to consolidate. While still lacking formal structure and regulation, meaning the individuals involved possessed a range of experience, knowledge and ability, architects increasingly became professional office workers with well-staffed offices capitalising on the demand for construction. Using Wellington as a case study, this paper uses local authority building permit records and other sources to determine the location and patterns of architecturally-designed dwellings in the city's streetscapes. Findings suggest that architect's impact on the urban form varied considerably across the city
Richard Truscoe: Biochemistry Pioneer, Science Interrupted by War
Get PDFRichard Truscoe was appointed from University College London in 1957 to establish teaching and research in Biochemistry at Victoria University of Wellington. He had extensive experience in research in England, Europe, and the United States. His scientific career had been interrupted by the Second World War, in which he served as an intelligence officer in the top-secret British Special Operations Executive (SOE). His SOE service was regarded as remarkable. During the war he consistently supported an independent future for Poland and warned of the dangers presented by the territorial ambitions of the Soviet Union. In biochemistry he had been a pioneer researcher on the metabolism of purines, and on the metabolic functions and effects of hormones and blood electrolytes including potassium and sodium. On arrival in Wellington, he predicted a future where biochemistry facilitated production of food grown in laboratories and for advances in medicine based on molecular understanding of disease. He initiated undergraduate and Honours teaching in biochemistry at Victoria University of Wellington, established infrastructure for research and supervised a cohort of a dozen MSc students. His legacy includes graduates who were stimulated to follow research careers, and interests in human health and disease that continue today
Leading education into the future
Get PDFEffective leadership is key to addressing enduring education issues in Aotearoa New Zealand. Our education system needs to be responsive within rapidly changing, uncertain, and complex contexts in which we face significant societal and global challenges. Key questions are provided to provoke critical and urgent conversations. These may lead to the development and implementation of effective policy and include an intentional focus on what we need to stop doing, what we need to keep doing, and what we need to start doing
Developing Future Public Service Leaders for Aotearoa New Zealand
Get PDFThe New Zealand public service performs comparatively very well internationally and this has been evident during the global Covid-19pandemic. The public service will need strong and adaptable leadership in future to respond effectively to significant global challenges and threats to public trust, and the need for better public policy responses to extant ‘wicked’ problems. The pandemic response in New Zealand and internationally provides strong pointers as to what New Zealand should do to develop public service leaders for the future
Coastal Realignment: another coastal challenge
No full textWhile the concept of managed coastal retreat is now familiar to many, the future for rural coastal lowlands has received less attention.Planned processes of coastal realignment can create opportunities, including carbon sequestration, nature-based transformation of coastal interfaces, and evolution of increasingly unproductive farmland towards other beneficial activities. Our present planning system provides high-level policy support for these changes but is mired in detail and short on recognition that the coastal edge will advance inland. While the challenges are being addressed positively in some areas, including by, or in partnership with, iwi/hapū, there is a national lack of leadership in integrated management across the changing land–sea interface, land ownership remains problematic, and funding requirements remain unresolved. New legislation promises improved approaches and is urgently needed
Government as a Digital Standard Bearer
Get PDFThis article explores the key role the government can play in promoting the digital economy through the uptake of global digital standards. The potential of digital standards can be illustrated by the revolutionary impact in the 20th century of the introduction of barcodes on logistics, and the impact of standardised containers in accelerating the growth of world trade and global economic integration. In the 21st century, will digital platforms and standards play a similar role in enabling economic development in the information age? The key challenge in the digital standards space is for the government to find the sweet spot that is the equivalent of the Goldilocks zone – neither too hot nor too cold: this is where the government acts as a digital standard bearer – establishing the overall regulatory regime and then acting as an agile fast follower, not the leader getting out in front or going alone
The Mana Kai Framework: a degrowth lens
Get PDFThe Mana Kai Framework is a set of values, goals and objectives to improve the food provisioning system in Aotearoa New Zealand, developed through a round of nationwide consultations, with the ultimate purpose of informing a national food strategy. This article builds upon Mana Kai, finding that the consultation process assumed only a growth economy in future; a second round of consultation using a degrowth lens, it is argued, would produce a valuable alternative framework. This could prove fruitful towards the stated Mana Kai aspiration to ignite a social movement to drive significant systemic change, and could, alongside the existing framework, inform a national food strategy that is ready for growth and degrowth futures, both of which are plausible, thereby ensuring a more resilient food system in Aotearoa New Zealand
Serving Two Masters: Does CEO Openness Moderate the Relationship Between Audit Committee Support and Internal Auditors’ Effectiveness? Ugandan Evidence
Get PDFPurpose – This study investigates the effect of the interaction between board audit committee support and chief executive officers’ (CEOs’) openness to internal auditors’ ideas on internal auditors’ effectiveness
Design/methodology/approach – This explanatory study, based on the positivistic paradigm, surveyed 128 internal auditors of formal financial institutions in Uganda and analysed the data using partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM).
Findings – The results suggest that CEO openness enhances the positive relationship between board audit committee support and internal auditors’ effectiveness.
Research limitations/implications – A supportive board audit committee is necessary but not sufficient for internal auditors' effectiveness, and CEO openness enhances the board audit committee's support-internal audit effectiveness relationship. This study illuminates the view that internal auditors’ effectiveness can be significantly enhanced by leveraging CEO openness and simultaneously calling for audit committee support for internal auditors.
Originality/value – This study contributes to answering the research question of how internal auditors serving two masters, the board’s audit committee and the CEO, affect internal auditors’ effectiveness
Slipping Through the Cracks: How the Distinction Between Compulsion and Duress of Circumstances Fails Victims
Get PDFFeminist critique of criminal defences has largely focused on the inaccessibility of self-defence for victims of intimate partner violence (IPV) who go on to offend. Yet these victims ("IPV defendants") also struggle to access duress-based defences, despite being subject to duress in many aspects of their lives. New Zealand's duress-based defences of compulsion and duress of circumstances are no exception. In this article, it is argued that the inaccessibility of these defences for IPV defendants stems from two key issues. First, applying a "social entrapment" understanding of intimate partner violence, it is argued that the defence of compulsion is overly restrictive. Secondly, this article finds that the human versus non-human distinction between compulsion and duress of circumstances is divorced from the defences' jurisprudential basis of moral involuntariness. These issues have created a crack between the defences, through which IPV defendants are slipping. Where the threat is human-sourced, it is "compulsion or nothing". Canadian and Australian law, while also flawed for IPV defendants, have made progress in recognising their lived experiences. These jurisdictions illustrate two possible approaches for reform in New Zealand. This article finds New Zealand should adopt a statutory solution to the gap and, having analysed key considerations for reform, offers draft wording for a proposed new defence of coercion which, it is envisaged, will better encompass the lived experience of IPV defendants
Making It Up as We Go: Inconsistencies in New Zealand's Approach to Intoxication and Addiction at Sentencing
Get PDFAddiction treatment and sentencing methodologies are dynamic. Yet, at their intersection, a stagnant, inconsistent approach prevails. Section 9(3) of the Sentencing Act 2002 provides that "voluntary consumption" of intoxicants at the time of offending is not a factor that enables a sentence discount. Addiction, meanwhile, is a mitigating factor. This article examines the tension between s 9(3) and addiction at sentencing. First, it establishes how courts reconcile the two. The sample surveyed indicates that s 9(3) is inconsistently applied in addiction cases and triggers five different judicial responses. "Workarounds" which recognise addiction evidence under other names are common (especially as "rehabilitative potential", "personal hardship" or a separate mental health condition). Alternatively, some judges refuse to recognise addiction because of s 9(3). Others recognise addiction by omitting to consider the provision. This article then examines the harms of the current application of s 9(3). These include unequal access to addiction discounts, legal uncertainty and contravention of parliamentary intention. Finally, drawing on international comparisons, traditionalist criminalisation theory and holistic justice jurisprudence, this article proposes an alternative approach. It advocates appellate guidance which carves out addiction-based consumption as distinct from "voluntary consumption" in the short term. Taking a longer view, amendment of s 9(3) would be desirable to ensure policy concerns around intoxication are sufficiently balanced
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