Open Journal Systems at the Victoria University of Wellington Library
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Marine science in Aotearoa New Zealand in 2050: a community-sourced over-the-horizon perspective
No full textAs natural and social environments continue to change, socioeconomic systems need to anticipate change and adequately react. Science, in general, is a critical component of the anticipation. Marine science, as a scientific research field that seeks to understand a significant proportion of our planet, is no exception. Here we provide an outlook on the future of marine science - how it is perceived by society and done by people – in Aotearoa New Zealand. This was informed by a group of early, mid, and late career marine scientists, industry representatives, Indigenous coastal guardians, high school students and ocean users who sought to envision what marine science could look like in 2050. Based on a workshop session, we provide ten recommendations to stakeholders, managers, funders, and scientists to bring marine science closer to a trajectory aligned with society’s expectations and needs. Marine science needs to adapt practices to respond to an increasing demand for providing both expert knowledge and public information, as well as addressing precarious working conditions and rising expectations to build a fairer, more inclusive, and just science system. Here we examine ways to involve a wide range of present and future actors to increase engagement, collaboration, diversity, impact and ultimately safeguard the worthiness of this research field in a fast-changing society
How Wiles v the University of Auckland strengthens academic freedom in New Zealand
Full text linkWhile academic freedom is embedded in the New Zealand Education and Training Act 2020, the Act is not explicit as to how the resulting rights and corresponding obligations should be exercised by universities and their staff. The recent employment court judgment in favour of Associate Professor Siouxsie Wiles in her dispute with the University of Auckland highlighted how the broader environment in which academic commentators participate has deteriorated, with women or those from minority groups, targeted with threats and abuse when they step into the public sphere. The judgment also demonstrated that even when the principles of academic freedom are embedded in policies and employment contracts, this does not always translate into practice. As Dr Wiles' case shows, the statutory responsibility of universities in New Zealand to preserve and enhance academic freedom requires a genuine and active commitment from senior management
Managing Safety Risks Associated with Nightshift in the New Zealand Electrical Distribution Industry
Full text linkThis study examines how the New Zealand electrical distribution industry approaches the management of fatigue-related impairment associated with night shift work. Using a qualitative study design, and reflexive thematic analysis, it draws on both industry-submitted documents and focus groups with Network Control Operators and Fault Responders to explore current practices, perceptions, and gaps in fatigue risk management. The research exposes a heavy reliance on the self-management of fatigue, ambiguous policies, and insufficient training. Findings ultimately highlight the need for defensible fatigue risk management strategies to safeguard workers and the public
Weathertightness, Economic Loss, Equity and Remedies
Full text linkNew Zealand’s leaky housing crisis, generally associated with the period between 1995 and 2004, has left a legacy of costs which continue to thwart the provision of affordable and healthy housing. Furthermore, those displaced and financially harmed by the deregulation of building standards under the Building Act 1991 face arbitrary time frames in which to seek appropriate remedies. The model of applying a limitation defence in circumstances of systemic failure has contributed to inadequate accountability and weak incentives for performance in the building industry. This article explores the causes of the leaky housing crisis, including the political impetus to reduce building construction costs, and suggests how similar systemic failures can be avoided in the future
Divestiture in the New Zealand Grocery Sector? An Analysis and Application of the Principles of Divestiture in the Context of the New Zealand Grocery Sector
Full text linkThere is considerable concern about the state of competition in the New Zealand grocery sector. Recent responses from the Government have not helped to quell this. Many believe that only structural separation in the form of divestiture will restore competition to the grocery sector. This article examines the findings of the Commerce Commission's market study of the grocery sector and the Government's response to those findings. It then sets out the principles of divestiture as applied by New Zealand and United States courts. Finally, it applies these principles to the New Zealand grocery sector. Overall, it argues that courts must consider three key elements when analysing divestiture as an anti-competitive remedy: first, causation; secondly, the effect of the divestiture; and thirdly, the applicability of alternative remedies. Applying each of these elements to the grocery sector reveals that, whilst there would be some difficulty in implementation, the grocery sector is one where divestiture would likely be favoured by a court
The Right to Stay: The Scope of the Right to Enter One's Own Country as a Legal Protection for Long-Term Permanent Residents Deported under Australia's "501" Policy
Full text linkArticle 12(4) of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights states: "No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of the right to enter his own country." Australia's continued practice of using the controversial "501" policy to deport individuals, who for all purposes but citizenship can be considered Australians, is a violation of this right. This article analyses the relationship between international law and domestic law on the availability of art 12(4) as a method of protection for individuals who face deportation under Australia's 501 policy. It discusses the meaning of one's "own country" and how its interpretation has developed in international law, from the travaux préparatoires of the article to the decisions of the Human Rights Committee. It then assesses how Australia's domestic legal framework has responded to the standards established in international law in relation to cases concerning 501 deportees. It demonstrates how Australia has been reluctant to exclude individuals from the scope of s 501 on the basis of their absorption into the Australian community, such that it renders Australia their "own country". Overall, it demonstrates how Australia is failing to recognise the right enshrined in s 12(4) by continuing to employ the 501 policy to deport individuals with sufficient connections to Australia such that it can be considered their "own country"
The Myth of the Shrinking State in New Zealand Revisited: What does the data show about the size of the state in New Zealand from 1900 to 2028?
Full text linkThis project uses a variety of lenses – the state as spender, producer, employer, investor and steward – to assess how the size and shape of the state has changed. We explore the conventional wisdom that New Zealand’s ‘neoliberal’ reforms of the 1980s and early 1990s resulted in a dramatic reduction in the size of the state. We find – with two notable exceptions – that the shrinking of the state over this period of reform is an urban myth. Indeed, relative to GDP, spending on real resources to support public production and investment in non-market outputs has been stable or has increased slightly since the 1990s, while the Crown’s balance sheet has steadily strengthened. We include an additional lens to explore the proposition that ‘deregulation’ in 1980s and 1990s led to a reduction in the regulatory state. We find the opposite: that the number of words used in the New Zealand statutes has grown steadily since 1908, but dramatically from the 1960s.
In the last decade, under the Ardern–Hipkins Labour administration, government current spending on collective consumption grew rapidly to reach record levels, even after allowing for Covid-19-related spending programmes. The fiscal adjustment proposed by the National–Act–New Zealand First administration in the 2024 Budget involves winding much of this increase back
Non-Canonical Models of Relevant Logics
Full text linkWe construct, in several ways, Fine-style frame models of the relevant logic which verify exactly the theorems of but differ from the canonical model in some of their properties: they contain multiple points representing the same (formal) theory, or their points fail to represent some formal theories (in fact, fail to represent almost all of them). We briefly discuss the implications of this for the adequacy of frame semantics for relevant logics
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