Indonesian Journal of Medicine (IJM)
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Relationship between Pregnancy and Lactation Status and De Quervain's Syndrome
Get PDFBackground: De Quervain's Syndrome is a collection of symptoms accompanied by inflammation and pain in the tendon sheath that covers the extensor pollicis brevis and abductor pollicis longus muscles. These symptoms appear as a result of cumulative (repeated) microtrauma and overuse causing malfunction of the tendon sheath. Cause of De Quervain's Syndrome is still not known for certain. Due to hormonal factors, it is more common in pregnant women and most common in people aged 30 to 55 years. This study aimed to examine the relationship between pregnancy and lactation on the incidence of de Quervain' syndrome.
Subjects and Method: This was an observational study conducted at the PDHI Islamic Hospital, Yogyakarta, from August to September 2023. Total sample of 70 third trimester of pregnant women or lactating mothers who had children aged 1 month to 1 year was selected purposively. The dependent variable was De Quervain's syndrome. The independen variable was pregnancy and lactation. The data were collected using a questionnaire and analyzed by Chi square test.
Results: Pregnancy and lactation reduced the risk of de Quervain's syndrome (OR= 0.34; 95% CI= 0.125 to 0.907; p=0.029).
Conclusion: Pregnancy and lactation reduced the risk of de Quervain's syndrome.
Effect of Exercise on Cognitive Ability, Cardiovascular Fitness, and Quality of Life in Post-Stroke Patients: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Get PDFBackground: Following a stroke, cognitive ability, and cardiovascular fitness decline, exerting a substantial influence on physical rehabilitation and overall quality of life. Stroke management encompasses a multidisciplinary approach, with emerging studies highlighting the role of exercise in enhancing cognitive ability and cardiovascular fitness post-stroke. This study aims to analyze the effects of exercise on cognitive ability, cardiovascular fitness, and quality of life in stroke survivors, shedding light on potential therapeutic benefits.
Subject and Methods: The PICO Model eligibility criteria were employed to execute the article search including P= post-stroke patients; I= exercises C= standard care, O= cognitive ability OR cardiovascular fitness OR quality of life. The study extracted articles from PubMed and ScienceDirect databases, with keywords "exercises" AND "cognitive ability" OR "cardiovascular fitness" OR "quality of life" AND "post-stroke patients". Inclusion criteria required full-text articles with randomized controlled trial (RCT) designs, focusing on post-stroke patients and evaluating improvements in cognitive ability, cardiovascular fitness, or quality of life. PRISMA diagram and Review Manager 5.4.1 tool were used to analyse the selected articles.
Results: 25 studies included in the review had 2,110 participants, across Asia; Australia, Europe, North America, and South America eligible for meta-analysis. The result indicated a positive effect of exercise on cognitive ability (SMD=0.68, CI 95% (0.21 to 1.16); p=0.005); cardiovascular fitness (SMD=0.63, CI 95% (0.17 to 1.08); p=0.007) and quality of life (SMD=0.60, CI 95% (-0.08 to 1.27); p=0.080).
Conclusion: Engagement in diverse forms and durations of exercise emerges as a crucial element in post-stroke rehabilitation. This intervention signifies a promising avenue toward enhancing cognitive abilities, and cardiovascular fitness, and potentially elevating quality of life among stroke survivors
Unveiling Atopic Dermatitis: Exploring Smoking, Obesity, and Fast Food as Pivotal Risk Factors - A Systematic Review
Get PDFBackground: Atopic dermatitis (AD), also known as Eczema, is an inflammatory skin disease that causes dry, itchy skin. several risk factors for AD have been reported including demographics, socioeconomics, active and passive smoking, urbanization, diet, breastfeeding and timing of introduction of solid foods, obesity, physical exercise, fast food, and environmental air pollution. This study aims to better understand the effect of smoking, obesity, and fast food consumption as one of the risk factors of AD.
Subjects and Method: Systematic review with the help of PICOs to search for eligible articles. Articles were searched from 3 different databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar) with the help of a search engine application, Publish or Perish (PoP), using the following keyword: “smoking AND atopic dermatitis”, “fast food AND atopic dermatitis”, “obesity AND atopic dermatitis”.
Results: 10 articles matched the specified inclusion and exclusion criteria for this study. Whether or not smoking causes AD is still conflicting, few studies reported there is no correlation between smoking and AD, whereas other studies said otherwise. In contrast to that, second-hand smoke was found to be affecting AD conditions more (up to 2.320). Most of our eligible articles reported that obesity did cause severe reactions of AD up to 1.62 times. Frequent fast food consumption was also found to be causing severe AD conditions (OR=1.580).
Conclusion: Obesity and fast food consumption are one of the causes of AD development and AD severity. The risk factor of cigarette smoking still conflicts with whether or not it affects AD conditions
The Effect of Turmeric-based Vaginal Liquid Soap with Different Concentrations on the Incidence of Vaginal Discharge and PH : Experimental Test on Santriwati of Darussholah II Islamic Boarding School North Pontianak
Get PDFBackground: As many as 90% of Indonesian women have the potential to experience vaginal discharge because of Indonesia's tropical climate. Hot and humid weather causes mold to easily develop and cause vaginal discharge in women. For this reason, there needs to be an innovation that can be used as one of the efforts to overcome vaginal discharge in general. The purpose of this study is to prove the potential of turmeric-based vaginal soap that is able to overcome vaginal discharge.
Subjects and Method: This was a quasi experiment study. The study was conducted at the Darussholah II Islamic Boarding School, North Pontianak, Indonesia from November to December 2023. The sample was divided into 3 groups: (1) , namely groups 1, 2 and 3 with 5%, 10%, and 15% turmeric liquid soap interventions. The dependent variables studied were vaginal discharge and vaginal ph, and the independent variable was Vaginal Turmeric Soap. The analysis technique uses Wilcoxon bivariate analysis.
Results: The average value of 5% soap whiteness reduction was 0.96+0.20, 10% was 0.88+0.33 and 15% was 0.92+0.27 with a p value of 0.585. The average value of the pH reduction of 5% soap was 0.60 + 0.57, 10% soap was 0.52 + 0.65, and 15% soap was 0.48 + 0.65 with a p value of 0.904. At a dose of 5%, the reduction in vaginal discharge and pH was the highest compared to other groups. And the results of the analysis showed that the administration of 5%, 10%, and 15% doses did not have a significant difference in changes in vaginal discharge and pH.
Conclusion: A 5% dose of turmeric-based vaginal soap was more effective at treating vaginal discharge and lowering vaginal pH, compared to other groups in this study. It is hoped that young women will be more selective in choosing soap in maintaining pH and vaginal discharge, especially if used for a long period of time
Comparison of the Effects of Zig-Zag Run and Shuttle Run Exercises on Agility in Futsal Players
Get PDFBackground: Futsal players really need agility so that they can improve their performance and get maximum results as well as improve the body's physiological systems and functions. Physiotherapy plays a role in efforts to improve player achievement by optimizing physical capacity and functional abilities so that maximum achievement is achieved. Agility exercises that can be used to improve agility are obstacle runs, zig-zag runs, and shuttle runs. The purpose of this study is to find out which has a greater effect between the addition of zig-zag run and shuttle run exercises on the agility of futsal players.Subjects and method: This was an experimental study to compare the effect of zig-zag run and shuttle run on agility. 30 futsal players aged 18-23 years were divided into two groups, i.e. zig-zag run and shuttle run, randomly. The dependent variable was agility. The independent variables were zig-zag run and shuttle run. Difference of agility score before and after intervention between groups was tested using independent t-test.Results: There was no difference of agility level between zig-zag run (Mean= 10.06; SD= 0.49) and shuttle run (Mean= 10.02; SD= 0.74) groups before intervention, p= 0.315. After intervention, there was a slight difference of agility level between zig-zag run (Mean= 9.77; SD= 0.43) and shuttle run (Mean= 9.73; SD= 0.74) groups, and it was marginally significant (p= 0.052). Conclusion: After intervention, there is a slight difference of agility level between zig-zag run and shuttle run groups, and it is marginally significant.
 
Meta-Analysis the Effects of Hypertension, High Density Lipoprotein, and Diabetes Mellitus on the Risk of Stroke
Get PDFBackground: Stroke is defined as an interruption of the blood supply to the brain which is usually caused by a blockage by a blood clot. This causes disruption of the supply of oxygen and nutrients to the brain resulting in damage to brain tissue. This study aims to analyze and estimate the effect of hypertension, high-density lipoprotein, and diabetes mellitus on the risk of stroke.
Subjects and Method: This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis using the PRISMA flow chart and the PICO model. Population: adults. Intervention: hypertension, high-density lipoprotein, and diabetes mellitus. Comparison: normal blood pressure, normal HDL, and normal blood sugar. Outcome: strokes. The databases used were PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Proquest with keywords (hypertension OR "diabetes mellitus" OR "high-density lipoprotein") AND stroke AND ("cross-sectional" OR "case-control") AND aOR. There were 9 Case-Control studies and 4 Cross-Sectional studies published in 2013-2023 that met the inclusion criteria. Analysis was performed with RevMan 5.3.
Results: 13 studies from Oman, Iran, Lebanon, Ghana, Finland, Nigeria, China, Japan, and Saudi Arabia were selected for meta-analysis. Total sample was 71,037. Had history of hypertension (aOR= 5.48; 95% CI = 2.26 to 13.32; p= 0.002) and diabetes mellitus (aOR = 1.93; 95% CI= 1.45 to 2.57; p< 0.001) increased the risk of stroke. High HDL levels reduced the risk of stroke (aOR = 0.46; 95% CI = 0.27 to 0.79; p= 0.004).
Conclusion: History of hypertension and diabetes mellitus increase the risk of stroke. However, high HDL levels reduce the risk of stroke.
Keywords: hypertension, high-density lipoprotein, diabetes mellitus, stroke
Surgical Management of Posterior Cruciate Ligament Avulsion Fracture: A Case Report
Get PDFBackground: Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL) avulsion fractures are relatively rare but significant injuries to the knee. The diagnosis and management of these injuries can be complex and require a comprehensive approach
Case Presentation: A 24-year-old female presented to the emergency department following a motorbike fall. She experienced significant pain in her knee and had a swollen popliteal fossa. Imaging studies, including X-ray and CT scan, revealed an avulsion fracture at the PCL insertion. The patient underwent successful surgical fixation of the avulsed fragment, following a positive posterior drawer, sag, and dial test suggesting an isolated PCL avulsion.
Conclusion: This case underscores the importance of a comprehensive and individualized approach to the management of PCL avulsion fractures. It further emphasizes the need for future research to delineate the long-term outcomes of different treatment strategies and to develop evidence-based guidelines for this unique and challenging injury.
Keywords: posterior cruciate ligament, avulsion fracture, knee injury, surgical fixation
Effect of Ethanol Extract of Suruhan Leaves (Peperomia Pellucida L. Kunth) on Blood Sugar Levels and Macroscopic Wounds in Male White Rats of the Wistar Strain (Rattus norvegicus) Diabetic Ulcer Model
Get PDFBackground: High blood sugar levels can cause diabetes mellitus (DM), which currently means more than one in 10 adults live with diabetes, with the biggest risk factor being obesity. Wound healing in DM patients will be hampered and increase the incidence of diabetic ulcers in Indonesia by 12% and the risk of developing diabetic ulcers by 55.4%. Diabetic ulcers and gangrene cases in Indonesia are the most common cases found in hospitals. Mortality due to ulcers and gangrene ranges from 17-23%, while the amputation rate ranges from 15-30%. Therapeutic potential in the treatment of diabetic ulcers is possessed by suruhan leaves which have anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, antimicrobial and anticancer effects, as well as having analgesic effects.
Subjects and Method: A total of 30 male white rats of the Wistar strain (Rattus norvegicus) were divided equally into control groups, negative control (STZ induction
40mg/kgBW), positive control (STZ induction 40mg/kgBW with metformin 50mg/kgBW/day), treatment group I (STZ induction 40mg/kgBW with ethanol extract of shrike leaves 40mg/kgBW), and treatment group II (STZ induction 40mg/kgBW). kgBB with ethanol extract of 80 mg/kgBB leaves). Next, blood sugar levels (KGD) and macroscopic examination of diabetic ulcer wounds are carried out. Data were analyzed using the Anova test.
Results: The lowest blood sugar levels (183.83 ± 11.39), the lowest wound area (6.89 ± 0.86), and the highest percentage of excision wound healing (89.67 ± 1.37) were found in the positive control group. There was a significant relationship between groups of mean blood sugar levels, between groups of wound area, and between groups of healing percentage of excision area (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Administration of ethanol extract of suruhan leaves (Peperomia pellucida L. Kunth) had an effect on reducing blood glucose levels and healing diabetic ulcer wounds in STZ-induced diabetic ulcer model mice
The Role of Hypertonic Saline in Managing Malignant Cerebral Edema Due to Large Vessel Occlusion Stroke: A Case Report
Get PDFBackground: Malignant cerebral edema (MCE) is a complication of large vessel occlusion stroke mainly treated by decompressive craniectomy. The aim of this case report is to demonstrate the efficacy of providing hypertonic saline (3% NaCl) as an alternative treatment for reducing intracranial pressure (ICP) in an MCE patient who refuses surgery.
Case Presentation: A 66-year-old man went to the emergency department with unconsciousness, right-sided hemiplegia, and global aphasia for 4.5 hours before admission. His National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score was 12. The patient’s brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a large infarction on the left frontotemporoparietal lobe which caused a subfalcine herniation 1.4cm to the right side. He also suffered hyponatremia (115mmol/L). The family refused decompressive craniectomy. The patient received 200ml of 3% NaCl drip intravenous as an initial dose over 20 minutes every 6 hours. Subsequent administration is gradually reduced every 25ml with a distance adjusted to the patient’s condition up to 50ml as the last dose. The patient’s 90-day modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score was 4.
Results: The patient with MCE in this case who was administered 3% NaCl as conservative therapy had satisfactory outcomes, as demonstrated by the improvement of the clinical neurological condition.
Conclusion: In patients who decline surgery, 3% NaCl might be given as a conservative treatment option to reduce ICP while maintaining serum sodium levels under control. This case revealed a positive clinical result without complications
Meta-Analysis of the Effect of Heavy Lifting on Low Back Pain Among Health Workers
Get PDFBackground: Low back pain is common in healthcare workers including doctors, nurses, midwives and physiotherapists, due to the nature of their work. These healthcare workers are often involved in tasks that involve heavy lifting. Manual patient handling, and awkward postures that are an integral part of care may have an effect on musculoskeletal injuries. This study aims to analyze the effect of heavy lifting on low back pain among healthcare workers.
Subjects and Method: This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis study. The search for articles was carried out in accordance with the PICO Model eligibility criteria which include: P = Health workers, I = Heavy lifting, C = No heavy lifting, O = Low back pain. The articles used came from 2 databases, namely: PubMed and Science Direct. The keywords used were "heavy lifting" AND "low back pain" OR "musculoskeletal of low back pain” AND "healthcare professional" OR "healthcare workers". The inclusion criteria in this study included full-text articles with a cross-sectional study design, the relationship measure used was the adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR), articles published in the range 2014-2022, and the outcome was Low back pain. Articles were analyzed using the PRISMA diagram and the Review Manager 5.4.1 application.
Results: 9 articles from Ethiopia, Japan, Malaysia, Nigeria, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia and Uganda. Healthcare workers who performed heavy lifting increased lower back pain by 4.36 times compared to those who did not, and the results were statistically significant (aOR=4.36; 95% CI=3.07 to 6.20; p<0.001).
Conclusion: A meta-analysis of 9 cross-sectional studies concluded that heavy lifting increases low back pain in healthcare workers