Indonesian Journal of Medicine (IJM)
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Meta-Analysis: Effect of Acupuncture Therapy on HbA1c Levels in Type II Diabetes Mellitus
Get PDFBackground: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic condition that occurs when there is an increase in glucose levels in a person's blood because the body cannot produce enough of the insulin hormone, or cannot use the insulin it produces effectively. This study aims to estimate the effect of acupuncture therapy on changes in HbA1c in people with type II diabetes mellitus.
Subjects and Method: This research is a systematic review and meta-analysis carried out using the PRISMA flow diagram and PICO model including Population = Type II diabetes patients; Intervention = Acupuncture Therapy; Comparison= No acupuncture therapy or sham acupuncture; Outcome= Change in HbA1c and quality of life. Article searches through journal databases include: PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Springer Link, BMC and Hindawi. Search keywords: acupuncture, AND "type 2 diabetes mellitus", "acupuncture for diabetes mellitus type 2" AND HbA1c OR "quality of life" AND "randomized controlled trial". Inclusion criteria are full paper articles, Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) research. The measure of relationship used is Mean SD. Eligible articles were analyzed using the Revman 5.3 application.
Results: Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) from China, England, Iran, Egypt and Taiwan. Acupuncture therapy can reduce HbA1c in type II diabetes mellitus patients by 0.57 units higher than in controls (SMD -0.57; 95% CI= -1.15 to 0.02; p=0.060). Acupuncture therapy improved the quality of life in type II diabetes mellitus patients by 0.87 units compared to controls (SMD 0.87; 95% CI= 0.00 to 1.74; p=0.050).
Conclusion: Acupuncture therapy is effective in reducing HbA1c levels and improving quality of life in patients with type II diabetes mellitus
The Role of Vaccination in Prevention of Foodborne Disease in Children: A Systematic Review
Get PDFBackground: Foodborne diseases pose a significant global health challenge, particularly for children in developing countries. Vaccination has emerged as a crucial strategy in controlling these diseases. This review examines the effectiveness and safety of foodborne disease vaccines in children based on recent literature.
Subjects and Method: This systematic review was conducted using Google Scholar, PubMed, and WHO websites with the keywords "vaccine" and "foodborne disease". Peer-reviewed articles from the past 10 years were analyzed using a narrative synthesis approach.
Results: This review identified significant developments in vaccines for rotavirus, cholera, typhoid, and candidate vaccines for Shigella, ETEC, and norovirus. Rotavirus vaccines demonstrated positive impacts in reducing hospitalization rates and deaths due to diarrhea, although effectiveness varied across populations. Inactivated oral cholera vaccines showed protection rates of 52-62% over the first two years. Typhoid vaccines showed potential in reducing disease burden in endemic areas. Development of Shigella, ETEC, and norovirus vaccines is ongoing with promising initial results.
Conclusion: Significant progress has been made in developing foodborne disease vaccines, but efforts are needed to improve global vaccination efficacy and coverage. Further research is required to optimize vaccine formulation, delivery strategies, and long-term evaluation across various target populations
Implementation of School Exercise Training Program as Prevention of Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDS) in Students
No full textBackground: Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) are a form of disorders that occurs in muscles, bones, joints, ligaments and tendons. Globally, Musculoskeletal Disorders are one of the most common health problems that occur in all ages and genders. Musculoskeletal pain is one of the most common problems in Musculoskeletal Disorders, which can cause various limitations in activity and participation. Musculoskeletal pain can occur in all ages and genders, including children and adolescents. Several studies show that musculoskeletal pain most commonly occurs in the vertebrae, trunk, neck, upper extremities and lower extremities. Musculoskeletal pain in MSDs can cause various negative impacts such as reduced learning motivation, academic failure and learning problems in student. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of implementing a school exercise training program as a prevention of Musculoskeletal Disorders.
Subjects and Method: This was a quasi experiment with no control group. Total sample of 60 children was selected for this study. The dependent variables were spinal curve deformity, degree of forward head posture, and MSDs pain. The independent variable was school exercise program. Mean score before and after intervention were tested using Wilcoxon t test.
Results: After implementing the school exercise program, spinal curve deformity (p=0.025), the degree of forward head posture (p=0.046), and MSDs pain (p=0.001) were all observed to decrease.
Conclusion: Implementing exercise programs in schools can help prevent musculoskeletal disorders among school children
Meta Analysis: Determinants of Dental Caries in Children
Get PDFBackground: Dental caries in children occurred when one or more teeth that are decayed (lesions), missing (due to caries), or filled tooth surfaces in primary teeth experienced by children. The aim of this study is to analyze the influence of dental caries factors in children based on the results of several previous studies using meta-analysis.
Subjects and Method: This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis based on data obtained through various databases including Google Scholar and PubMed. This study used articles that were published from 2016 to 2022. The article search was carried out by considering the eligibility criteria defined using the PICO model. Population: children. Intervention of chocolate, candy, biscuits, soft drinks. Comparison: free sugar intake. Outcome: dental caries. This article was collected within 1 month with the following keywords used: "Chocolate" AND "Candy" AND "Biscuit" AND "Soft Drink" AND "Children" OR "Dental Caries" AND "Cross Sectional Study". The articles included in this research are full text articles with a cross-sectional study design. This article was collected by using a PRISMA flow diagram and analyzed by using the Review Manager 5.3 application.
Results: Meta-analysis of 8 cross-sectional studies from Egypt, Romania, Iran, Australia, Poland, Vietnam, Saudi Arabia, and China. Total sample was 19,514 children. The results of the meta-analysis showed that dental caries in children will increase significantly by consuming chocolate (aOR= 0.84; 95% CI= 0.57 to 1.26; p= 0.410), candy (aOR= 1.34; 95% CI= 0.37 to 4.88; p= 0.660), biscuit (aOR= 0.97; 95% CI= 0.67 to 1.42; p= 0,890), and soft drink (aOR= 1.42; 95% CI= 1.25 to 1.61; p<0.001).
Conclusion: Dental caries in children is increased by consuming chocolate, candy, biscuits and soft drinks.
Keywords: dental caries, children, chocolate, candy, biscuit, soft drin
Effect of “Tell Show Do” Method on Dental Anxiety in Pediatrics Dentistry: A Meta Analysis
Get PDFBackground: Anxiety in children will make it difficult for dentists to perform dental treatment. In dentistry, especially pediatric dentistry, children who are very anxious will avoid examinations and refuse dental treatment. This study aims to analyze the influence of the "tell show do" method in reducing dental anxiety in pediatric patients.
Subjects and Method: This was a systematic review and meta-analysis conducted using PRISMA flow diagrams. Search articles through journal databases including: Google Scholar, PubMed, and Springer Link by selecting articles published in 2016 and 2022. The keywords used are (“tell show do” OR “TSD”AND “dental anxiety” OR “anxiety” ) AND (“pediatric dentistry” OR “children”) AND (“RCT” OR “randomized control trial”). The inclusion criteria were full paper articles using the Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) research method, the results of the analysis used the Mean SD value, the intervention provided was a tell show do, the study subjects were pediatric dental patients at the first visit, with dental anxiety as an outcome. Articles that met the requirements were analyzed using the Revman 5.3 application.
Results: The meta-analysis of 12 articles shows that there is an increasing effect using the tell show do method on reducing dental anxiety. Children who received the tell show do intervention had a dental anxiety level 0.54 units lower than those who did not receive the tell show do, and the effect was statistically significant (SMD 0.54; 95% CI= 0.23 to 0.85; p=0.0007).
Conclusion: The tell show do method has an effect on reducing anxiety in pediatric dental patients.
Keywords: tell show do, dental anxiety, meta-analysi
Correlation between Troponin I and Serum Sodium and Potassium Levels in Acute Coronary Syndrome
Get PDFBackground: Acute Coronary Syndrome covers a spectrum of conditions that include patients who have recently changed symptoms or clinical signs, with or without changes in the 12-lead electrocardiogram, and with or without acute elevations in cardiac troponin (Tn) concentrations. Advances in technology have refined troponin testing and increased its accuracy in detecting and measuring cardiomyocyte injury, high sensitivity, and can detect small myocardial necrosis that is not detected on an electrocardiogram or CKMB examination. This study aims to analyze the correlation between troponin I and sodium and potassium levels in acute coronary syndrome.
Subjects and Method: This study was an analytical observational research with a cross-sectional design, involving 40 patients with acute coronary syndrome who visited the Integrated Heart Center Emergency Department. The independent variable is acute coronary syndrome, while the dependent variables are troponin I, sodium, and potassium. The study was conducted at H.Adam Malik Hospital in Medan from February to March 2024. Patients were interviewed for medical history, and then blood samples were taken for troponin I examination and serum electrolyte (sodium and potassium) examination. Data were analyzed using the Spearman correlation test.
Results: 40 study subjects, most of the study subjects over 55 years, mostly male (72.5%), with a smoking history of 67.5%, and a family history of hypertension of 52.5%. The median troponin I level was 6.09 ng/ml (range 0.12-15), the median sodium level was 143.5 mmol/L (range 130-155), and the mean potassium level was 4.19 mmol/L (SD= 0.52). There was a weak and non-significant positive correlation between troponin I and sodium (r= 0.129, p= 0.429), as well as a weak and non-significant positive correlation between troponin I and potassium (r= 0.059, p= 0.717).
Conclusion: There was no correlation between troponin I and sodium, as well as troponin I and potassium
Scoping Review: Why is Public Health Integrated into Medical Education?
Get PDFBackground: Medical students who get community-involved medical education will be better equipped to address the health needs of their communities by integrating public health services into their practice. The importance of public health disciplines for physicians needs to be reinforced in the medical curriculum. Many studies, findings, and discussions report on the importance of this integration. This study aims to identify, decipher, and map the available scientific evidence regarding the importance of public health integration in medical education.
Subjects and Method: This was a scoping review study using PUBMED, ProQuest, SCOPUS, Google Scholar, and other related sources. The keywords used in article searches are as follows: "public health" AND "medical education" OR "support" OR "against" OR "proportion" OR "role". From the database used, 1,775 articles were obtained and those who met the criteria were 45 articles.
Results: The results were presented in three sub-discussions, namely role, perception, and form of integration. 1) Role: doctors are able to facilitate individual health and address public health problems through health promotion, health policy, evidence-based medicine practices, improving the quality of health data and health services; 2) Perception: Both positive and negative perceptions were reported in these integration-related findings; and 3) Form of integration: public health collaboration in medical education is carried out at the academic and professional stages of doctors.
Conclusion: The importance of integrating public health principles into medical education is to encourage the formation of doctors who act as doctors in the curative department as well as public health experts who understand community problems and can address them holistically and comprehensively.
Keywords: perception, role, integration, public health, medical education, scooping revie
Is Effleurage Massage Effective to Reduce Menstrual Pain in Female Students?
Get PDFBackground: Menstrual pain, or dysmenorrhoea, is common in young women worldwide under 25 years old. Elevated levels of prostaglandins in menstrual fluid induce contractions in the myometrium, leading to a decrease in uterine blood flow and resulting in uterine hypoxia. This hypoxia is the underlying cause of the painful cramping observed in primary dysmenorrhea. Massage is a non-pharmaceutical therapy that is hypothesized to be easily adoptable, with no side effects, and to have beneficial effects on pain. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of effluerage massage in reducing menstrual pain in female students.
Subjects and Method: A randomized controlled trial was conducted at Junior High School 23 of Surakarta in July 2023. Total sample of 50 2nd grade female student was selected by purposive sampling and divided into two groups. Intervention group received effluerage massage and control group received usual care. The dependent variable was menstrual pain. The independent variable was effleurage massage. Menstrual pain was measured using Numeric Ranting Scale (NRS). Pain difference between groups after intervention was examined using independent t test.
Results: At the 6th follow-up period, the mean of menstrual pain score in the effleurage massage group (Mean 3.52; SD= 1.01) was significantly lower compared to the control group (Mean= 4.40; SD= 0.76), with a p-value of 0.001.
Conclusion: Effleurage massage is effective to reduce menstrual pain in Junior High School female students.
Keywords: effleurage massage, primary dysmenorrhea, menstrual pain, female adolescent
Determinants of Socio-Demographic and Environmental Factors in Helicobacter Pylori Infection
Get PDFBackground: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection ranks as one of most frequent human infections in the world. This study aimed to investigate the determinants of H. pylori infection in patients at Universitas Sebelas Maret Hospital.
Sebjects and Method: This was an analytic observational with a cross-sectional design. The study was conducted at Universitas Sebelas Maret Hospital, Sukoharjo, Central Java, from November to Desember 2023. A sample of 199 patients was selected for this study by fixed disease sampling. The dependent variable was H. pylori infection. The independent variables were number of household members, source of water, toilet type, education level, family income, eating habits, smoking status, region type, and waste disposal. The data were taken via surveys with questionairre. Multiple logistic regression was employed for data analysis.
Results: The risk of H. pylori infection increased with number of households member ≥5 (AOR= 4.52; 95% CI= 1.78 to 11.45; p = 0.001), water source from well (AOR= 3.74; 95% CI= 1.54 to 9.08; p = 0.003), habits of eating by bare hand (AOR= 4.71; 95% CI= 1.98 to 11.20; p= 0 < 0.001), smoking (AOR= 2.68; 95% CI= 1.11 to 6.49; p = 0.028), and living in urban area (AOR= 2.94; 95% CI= 1.10 to 7.80; p = 0.030). Meanwhile, it also decreased with having education level ≥ high school (AOR= 0.24; 95% CI= 0.10 to 0.57; p < 0.001), having family income ≥ 2,200,000 (AOR= 0.15; 95% CI= 0.06 to 0.37; p < 0.001), and implementing waste disposal system with collected by staff (AOR= 0.26; 95% CI= 0.10 to 0.65; p = 0.004).
Conclusion: The risk of H. pylori infection is determined by number of household members, source of water, education level, family income, eating habits, smoking status, region type, and waste disposal.
Keywords: determinants, environmental, helicobacter pylori, socio-demographi
Meta-Analysis of Acupuncture Therapy for Blood Pressure Reduction in Pre-Elderly with Hypertension
Get PDFBackground: Blood pressure tends to increase with age. Hypertension or high blood pressure often occurs in pre-elderly individuals, who are aged between 45-59 years. Acupuncture is one of the therapies with mild side effects that can reduce blood pressure in pre-elderly individuals. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of acupuncture therapy in lowering blood pressure in pre-elderly individuals with hypertension based on similar previous research.Subjects and Methods: This study employed a systematic review and meta-analysis based on PICO framework: Population: Pre-elderly individuals with hypertension. Intervention: Acupunc-ture therapy. Comparison: Non-acupuncture therapy. Outcome: Blood pressure. Data were obtained from the PubMed, MEDLINE, Science Direct, BMC, and Google Scholar databases. The search process utilized keywords such as "acupuncture", "hypertension", "Pre elderly", "acupunc-ture for hypertension", AND "acupuncture for blood pressure". Article selection was performed using the PRISMA flowchart, and the results were analyzed using Review Manager 5.3 software.Results: A total of 9 articles originating from the United States, Germany, South Korea, China, India, and Taiwan, with a sample size of 492 subjects, indicated that acupuncture therapy for blood pressure reduction in pre-elderly individuals was not significant for systolic blood pressure (SMD= -0.00; 95% CI= -0.81 to 0.81; p=1.00), but it was significant for diastolic blood pressure (SMD= -1.33; 95% CI= -2.60 to -0.05; p= 0.04).Conclusion: Acupuncture therapy for blood pressure reduction in pre-elderly individuals is not significant for systolic blood pressure, but it is significant for diastolic blood pressure.
Keywords: acupuncture, hypertension, pre-elderly, blood pressure, meta-analysi