Indonesian Journal of Medicine (IJM)
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Effects of Bean Ethanol Extract (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.) on Superoxide Dismutase Activity in Wistar Mice (Micetus Norvegicus) Hyperglycemia
Get PDFBackground: Aloxan tetrahyd micee causes free radicals and higher reactive oxidative species (ROS) production, being able to lead to reduce insulin secretion from pancreatic β cells and receptor sensitivity in insulin-receptor cells resulting in hyperglycemia conditions. Bean extract ethanol can reduce oxidative stress. The purpose of this study was to determine bean’s ethanol extract effectiveness in lowering blood sugar levels and increasing the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme.Subjects and Methods: This was a randomized controlled trial (RCT) study. The samples were mice (Micetus norvegicus) of wistar strains randomized in five groups: P1-negative control, positive P2-control, P-3 ethanol extract group of 200mg / kgBW, P4-group 400mg / kgBW, P5-group 600 mg / kgBW. Dependent variables are blood sugar (mg/ dL) and superoxide dismutase enzymes. The independent variable is the bean extract of ethanol. Differences in blood sugar levels and superoxide enzyme levels of intergroup dismutase were tested by Anova test, followed by post hoc test, to determine the effectiveness of bean extract ethanol.Results: This study showed a statistically significant decrease in blood glucose levels after ethanol extract of green beans 600 mg / kg BW from day 14 to day 28 (p <0.05). This study did not show a decrease in blood sugar levels after ethanol extract of green beans 200 mg / kgBW and 400 mg / kgBW from day 7 until day 28 (p> 0.05). Giving ethanol extract of green beans did not affect the activity of superoxide dismutase enzyme (p = 0.830).Conclusion: Giving ethanol extract of green beans 600 mg / kgBW effectively decrease blood sugar in male wistar mice (Micetus norvegicus) from day 14 to day 28. Giving ethanol extract of green beans 200 mg/ kgBW, 400 mg / kgBW, and 600 mg / kgBW, is not effective to increase the activity of superoxide dismutase enzyme.Keywords: Phaseolus Vulgaris L., blood sugar level, superoxide dismutase enzymeCorrespondence: Ade Putra Fratama Sinaga. Masters Program on Biomedics, Faculty of Medicine, North Sumatra University. Email: [email protected] Journal of Medicine (2017), 2(2): 139-145https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2017.02.02.0
Effect of Antihipoglycemic Sechium edule Jacq. Swartz. Etanol Extract on Histopathologic Changes in Hyperglycemic Mus musculus L.
Get PDFBackground: Streptozotocin as diabetogenic can damage the pancreatic β cells of animals tried through the oxidative stress process to increase blood sugar levels. Giving ethanolic extract of squash fruit has hypoglycemia effect because it contains flavonoids that act as antioxidants and antihiperglichemia. This study aimed is analyze the effect of ethanol extract of squash fruit to decrease blood sugar level and the change of pancreatic β cell diameter.Subjects and Method: This study was an experimental study with post-randomized controlled group design, using male white mice (Mus musculus L.) DD Webster strains randomized into 4 groups: negative control group, positive control group, group with extract ethanol of 100 mg/ kgBB, and a group of ethanol extract of 200 mg/ kgBW of pumpkin.Results: The results showed a significant reduction in blood sugar levels if compared with the control group. The presence of changes in β pankreas cell diameter on ethanol extract of 100 mg/ kgBB and 200 mg/ kgBB.Conclusion: The conclusion of this study is the extract of ethanol fruit of 200mg/ kgBB squash significantly reduce blood sugar level of mice, the change of β pankreas cell diameter on ethanol extract of 100mg/ kgBB and 200mg/ kgBB.Keywords: streptozotocin, antihipoglikemia, flavonoidCorrespondence: Jekson Martiar Siahaan. Physiology Teaching Staff ofMedicine Faculty, Methodist University of Indonesia Medan, Jl. Setia Budi Pasar 2, Medan 20132, Indonesia.Journal of Medicine (2017), 2(2): 86-93https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2017.02.02.0
Difference of Self Directed Learning Readiness Between Introvert and Extrovert Personality Type Among Medical Students
Get PDFBackground: The paradigm of medical education has been changed from Teacher Centered Learning (TCL) to Student Centered Learning (SCL) that implemented through Problem-Based Learning (PBL) method. Medical students are expected to have the ability to learn independently or known as self-directed learning (SDL). This tendency then measured by a scale known as the Self Directed Learning Readiness Scale (SDLRS). Personality is one of the influential factors in this case. Extrovert personality type is considered more suitable to the SDL method. This study aimed to determine differences in self-directed learning readiness between introvert and extrovert personality type among medical students.Subject and Methods: This was an observational analytic study with cross sectional design. The subjects were medical students at Sebelas Maret University in 2010, 2011, 2012 and 2013. This used random sampling method. The subjects were categorized into ready and not ready for SDL. Type of personality was divided into introvert, ambivert and extrovert. Motivation was selected as a confounding variable and divided into high and low motivation. Data were analyzed using multivariate regression analysis.Results:There were 69 students included in this study. We found that 25(36.2%) students were introvert, 16 (23.2%) students were extrovert and 28 (40.6%) students were ambivert. Based on SDLR scores, 23 (33.3%) students were ready for SDL and 46 (66.7%) students were not. Logistic regression analysis showed that extrovert students had chance to be ready for SDL 0.70 fold lower than introvert students (OR = 0.70; 95% CI= 0.18 to 2.74; p= 0.604). Otherwise, ambivert students 0.83 fold lower than introvert students (OR = 0.83; 95%CI= 0.26 to 2.64; p = 0.745) to be ready for SDL.Conclusion: There was no statistically difference of SDLR between personality types.Keywords: self-directed learning readiness, personality typeCorrespondence: Nurlatifah Febriana Wijayanti. Faculty of Medicine, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta.Indonesian Journal of Medicine (2016), 1(3):194-200https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2017.02.01.0
The Result of Functional Mobility Scale (FMS) on Cerebral Palsy Spastic Diplegic that treated by SEMLS (Single Event Multi Level Surgey) method in Orthopaedic Hospital Prof. Dr. R. Soeharso, Surakarta
Get PDFBackground: Cerebral Palsy is a permanent non-progressive brain disorders that occur in early childhood where abnormalities in the brain due to damage on immature brain can cause movement disorders and postural dysfunctionNowadays, the treatment of choice for CP Spastic diplegic is using SEMLS (Single Event Multi Level Surgery). There was many scoring to evaluate outcome of SEMLS, but only a few scoring system that can evaluate changing after SEMLS. Functional Mobility Scale (FMS) is an outcome measure designed to evaluate mobility of children with cerebral palsy (CP). FMS has been shown to detect both improvement and deterioration in mobility status during the rehabilitation period following multilevel orthopaedic surgery in children with spastic diplegicSubjects and Method:This was a cross sectional observasional study. The sample are obtained by sensus from January 1st 2014 untill March 1st 2015. The patient’s characteristic that we include in this study are gender, age when the patient had a surgery, and where the contracture are involved. We evaluate the outcome using FMS before operation, 3 month, 6 month, 9 month, and 12 month after operation on three different distance (5, 50, 500 meter) that represent home, school, and community. After that we analyze the result using regression logistic model to better understands about changes and time of changes on patient after SEMLS procedure. We also analyze the corelation between age, sex, and location of contracture with the outcome after SEMLS procedureResult : 51 patients were reviewed and identified, there were 31 males (61%) and 20 females (39%), mean age when the patient was operated was 8.07 years old, with the most common cases are CP Spastic Diplegic with hip, knee, ankle contracture bilateral about 41 patient (80.3%), knee ankle bilateral about 7 patient (13.2%), and hip ankle bilateral about 3 patient (5.88%). From evaluation of FMS scoring, we found most patient had an improvement on their mobility after SEMLS procedure (OR > 1), with the time changes for 5 and 50 meters distance is at six months (OR : 1.52) and (OR= 1.47), and 500 meters is at 12 months (OR= 3.45). We also found no significant relationships (p value > 0.05) between age (p value= 0.632), sex (p value= 0.576) and location of contracture (p value= 0.222) with the outcome of the FMS after SEMLSConclusion: We found that SEMLS gives a good result to increased mobility of patient with CP Spastic Diplegic. FMS Score were able to asses the outcome of SEMLS procedure, and also responsive to change that occur after SEMLS. Age, sex, and contracture’s location were not significantly influence the FMS outcome after SEMLSKeywords: CP Spastic Diplegic, SEMLS (Single Event Muti Level Surgery), FMS (Functional Mobility Scale).Correspondence: Seti Aji Hadinoto. Masters Program of Family Medicine, Sebelas Maret University, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36 A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java.Indonesian Journal of Medicine (2017), 2(2): 100-106https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2017.02.02.04
Epithelial Rate Difference on Donor Wound of Split Thickness Skin Graft in the Thigh Area by Applying Leukocrepe® and Medicrepe®
Get PDFBackground: applying split thickness graft (STSG) is as one of the reconstruction techniques and it is often conducted. Applying the technique creates superficial wound on the donor wound or it is known by donor site. The elastic bandage usage is one of the tools which is used in giving treatment to donor site as a standard operational procedure treatment at Dr. Moewardi hospital (RSDM) Surakarta. RSDM Surakarta has not had clinic test yet to compare between applying elastic bandage Leukocrepe® and Medicrepe® on wound care STSG on the thigh area.Subject and Method: The study used post-test only control group design with the total of the sample was 18 patients. The study was conducted in intermediate STSG donor wound with 0.018 inches thickness on the lateral thighs. By dividing two donor wounds, a half-sided of upper part was bandaged by applying Leukocrepe® and the other half of the lower part was bandaged by Medicrepe®. After that, epithelialization score was conducted on the seventh day. All the data then were collected and after that the data were tested by applying Wilcoxon rank test.Result: according to the study conducted to 18 patients of plastic surgery section at RSUD Dr. Moewardi during November 2016-Juni 2017, the result showed that the epithelialization chart was approximately 61.39 ± 30.05% for STSG donor wound on the lateral thighs part and it was done on the seventh day by applying Leukocrepe, meanwhile applying Medicrepe, the result was approximately 43.67 ± 30.69 %. The mean score of epithelialization applying Medicrepe® was more significant than applying Leukocrepe® and it showed that there was significantly different statistically with the score (p<0.001).Conclusion: According to the result above, it can be seen that the STSG donor wound care on the thighs using Medicrepe® is more effective in accelerating epithelialization process than the one which is applied by Leukocrepe®.Key Word: Epithelization, Elastic Bandage, Medicrepe®, Leukocrepe®Correspondence: Ivan Rinaldi. Public Surgery Resident of Medical Faculty of UNS. Email: [email protected] Journal of Medicine (2017), 2(3): 146-153https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2017.02.03.0
Effectiveness of Acupuncture and Infrared Therapies for Reducing Musculoskeletal Pain in the Elderly
Get PDFBackground: According to the World Health Organization, the most frequent health problems experienced by the elderly is musculoskeletal pain. The common treatment for musculoskeletal pain is Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAID) drugs. These drugs, however, give undesireable side effects such as disorders in digestion, renal function, and increased blood pressure. Acupuncture and infrared therapies have been widely known as cheap and safe for musculoskeletal pain. However, their relative effectiveness are not yet clear. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of acupuncture and infrared therapies for reducing musculoskeletal pain in the elderly.Subjects and Method: This was an experiment study with randomized controlled trials design. The study was conducted at the elderly integrated health post Klodran, Karanganyar, Central Java, in May, 2016. A total sample of 60 elderlies was selected for this study using random sampling technique. This sample was randomized into 4 groups, each consisting of 15 study subjects: (1) acupressure; (2) acupuncture; (3) infrared; (4) acupuncture and infrared. The dependent variable was musculoskeletal pain. The independent variable was type of pain relief therapy. The data was analyzed by Kruskall Wallis Test, and post-hoc test using Mann-Whitney.Results: Kruskall Wallis Test showed mean differences in the reduction of musculosceletal pain between the four groups, and they were statistically significant, as follows: acupressure (mean= 1.3; SD= 0.5), acupunture (mean= 2.3; SD= 0.5), infrared (mean= 1.6; SD= 0.6), and acupuncture and infrared (mean= 3.9; SD= 0.4). Mann-Whitney test showed the most effective treatment for reducing musculoskeletal pain was acupunture and infrared combination therapy (mean difference= 2.53; p<0.001).Conclusion: Acupunture and infrared combination is the most effective treatment for reducing musculoskeletal pain in the elderly.Keywords: musculoskeletal pain, acupressure, acupuncture, infrared, elderlyCorrespondence: Risna Widowati. Acupuncture Unit, School of Health Polytechnics, Ministry of Health, Surakarta, Central Java. Email: [email protected]. HP +6281555742729.Indonesian Journal of Medicine (2017), 2(1): 41-51https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2017.02.01.0
Effect of Probiotic Giving on Digestive Function in Patients Post-Perforated Colorectal Cancer surgery
Get PDFBackground: One of the goals of colorectal cancer surgery is to facilitate the digestive tract to function properly. Surgery performed can lead new problems such as infection, sepsis, postoperative pain, and nausea vomiting. Modulation of perioperative nutrition of intestinal microbiota such as probiotics is more and more applied as a strategy to reduce complications of elective surgical infection and accelerate the improvement of gastrointestinal symptoms such as flatus and defecation. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of giving probiotics on digestive function in patients after colorectal cancer surgery.Subjects and Methods: The subjects of this study were postoperative patients with colorectal cancer, with a total sample of 20. The sampling technique used non-random sampling. This type of the study is quasi experimental design with Post-test Only Control Design method. In this design, the sample is divided into two groups namely, group I was given probiotics and group II was not given probiotics then the follow up treatmen was conducted to assess the effect on the digestive function of patients after colorectal cancer surgery.Results: The majority of post-operative colorectal cancer patients were> 50 years (85%). The sex of post operative patients with colorectal cancer balanced between men and women, which was equally 50%. There was a significant difference between intestinal bowel surgery after colorectal cancer surgery which was given probiotics with no probiotics given (p <0.05). Similarly, post operative flatus colorectal cancer patients also had significant differences with the values (p <0.05). As for the defecation patients of post-surgery colorectal cancer , there was also a significant difference between the defecation patients of post-surgery of colorectal cancer surgery given probiotics and those not given probiotics with values (p <0.05).Conclusion: statistically, there was an effect of giving probiotics to digestive function including bowel sound, flatus, and defecation of post-surgery patient of colorectal cancer.Keywords: Probiotics, digestive function, colorectal cancerCorespondence: Impol Hutapea. Masters Program in Family Medicine, Sebelas Maret University. Email: [email protected] Journal of Medicine (2017), 2(2): 107-115https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2017.02.02.0
Effect of Captopril Rapid Uptitration to Plasma Aldosterone level in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction
Get PDFBackground: Acute myocardial infarction is a myocardial necrosis associated with acute myocardial ischemia of which the incidence keeps increasing over time. Appropriate management of acute myocardial infarction is very important in order to determine the efficacy of the therapy and also to prevent further complications due to acute myocardial infarction. Captopril is essential in the management of acute myocardial infarction to inhibit the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system whereby aldosterone may increase the probability of heart failure and increase mortality up to approximately 10 times compared to patients with acute myocardial infarction without heart failure. The administration of captopril should be uptitrated the doses in order to obtain optimal results, however there is no such fixed standard on how fast the doses of captopril should be uptitrated in order to obtain a more optimal effect, especially in order to suppress the plasma aldosterone level. This study examined the effect of rapid uptitration of captopril in the first 3 days of treatment of patients with acute myocardial infarction on plasma aldosterone levels compared to the increase in the captopril standard uptitration.Subjects and Method: This is an experimental research with Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT). 28 patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction on Cardiovascular Intensive Care Unit (ICVCU) and Cardiovascular wards of RSUD Dr. Moewardi hospital Surakarta were sequentially involved as research subjects and then randomly divided into a control group who received standard captopril uptitration and treatment group who received captopril rapid uptitration. The blood plasma was taken on the first day before the administration of captopril and on the last day of treatment. The plasma aldosterone level was tested by ELISA. Independent t-tests were carried out for data that qualified the normality test and mann whitney test if not qualified in the normality test with kolmogorov smirnov. It was considered statistically significant if the value of p < 0.05.Results: Plasma Aldosterone levels in treatment group was lower than control group and statistically significant (1133.54 ± 748.81 pg/dl vs 512.16 ± 444.81 pg/dl; p = 0.013 )Conclusion: Treatment with captopril rapid uptitration can decrease aldosterone plasma levels lower than captopril with standard uptitration in patient with acute myocardial infarction.Keywords: Acute myocardial infarction, plasma aldosterone, captopril, captopril rapid uptitation.Correspondence: Verry Gunawan Sohan. Master Program of Family Medicine, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta.Indonesian Journal of Medicine (2016), 1(3): 160-168https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2016.01.03.0
Comparison of Soluble fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase-1 (SFLT-1) between Normal and Severe Pre-eclampsia in Pregnant Women, Medan, Indonesia
Get PDFBackground: The pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia as a primary cause of mortality among pregnant women remains unclear. It was suggested that angiogenic factors such as Soluble fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase-1 (SFLT-1) play an important role in the causal mechanism of pre-eclampsia/ eclampsia. This study aimed to compare the SFLT-1 level in pre-eclampsia/eclampsia in pregnant women with that in normotensive pregnant women.Subjects and Method: This was an analytic observational conducted at three hospitals: Haji Adam Malik, Pirngadi, and Sundari Hospitals, Medan, Indonesia, from September to December 2014. A total sample of 60 pregnant women of the third trimester, including those with severe pre-eclampsia/eclampsia and normotensive women, was selected for this study. The level of serum SFLT-1 was measured by ELISA method. The difference in mean of serum SFLT-1 levels between the two groups was tested by Mann-Whitney.Results: The mean of serum SFLT-1 level in women with preeclampsia was higher (mean=1692.69pg/ml; SD=540.64) than that in normotensive women (mean=1348.52pg/ml; SD=649.83). This difference was statistically significant (p=0.040).Conclusion: Level of serum SFLT-1 in women with severe pre-eclampsia/eclampsia is significantly higher than that of normotensive women.Keywords: serum SFLT-1, pre-eclampsia, pregnant womenCorrespondence: Rebecca Rumesty Lamtiar. Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, HKBP Nommensen University, Medan.Indonesian Journal of Medicine (2016), 1(2): 84-89https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2016.01.02.0
Estradiol and Leptin in Women with Obesity, Overweight, and Normal Body Weight
Get PDFBackground: Prevalence of obesity on women was higher than men. Obesity was related to the resistance of leptin hormone. Estradio hormone also played an important role in energy metabolism and body weight control. The study aimed to discover the relationship between estradiol concentration with leptin concentration on women with obesity, overweight and normal body weight in Banda Aceh City.Subjects and Method: The study was an analytic observational study with case control design. There were a total of 75 women of 20-40 year- old who were selected as research subjects by using purposive sampling. The research subjects were divided into 3 groups, namely obesity, over weight, and normal body weight. The study was conducted in Banda Aceh City in July – October 2014. Dependent variable of the study was women’s body weight. Independent variables were leptin concentration which was investigated by using ELISA technique and estradiol concentration which was investigated by using AxSYM Estradiol Assay. The data was analyzed by using Spearman correlation test.Results: The result of the study obtained the median value of estradiol concentration on normal group was higher than on obesity and overweight group, that was 63 Pg/mL (18-420). The average concentration of leptin on normal group is higher than obesity and overweight group, that was 4.56 ng/mL (up to ± 3.48). However, it did not find any correlation between the concentration of estradiol and the concentration of leptin on women with obesity, overweight and normal weight (R= 0.03; p= 0.121;).Conclusion: The study showed that women with obesity experienced the decreasing concentration of estradiol and leptin, however it did not find significant correlation between estradiol and leptin.Keywords: estradiol, leptin, women with obesity, overweight, normal body weightCorrespondence: Yulia Fitri. Health Polytechnic, Poltekkes of Aceh, Banda Aceh.Indonesian Journal of Medicine (2017), 2(1): 36-41https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2017.02.01.0