Indonesian Journal of Medicine (IJM)
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The Effectiveness of Hypnotherapy in Reducing Pain in Patients with Cervical Cancer
Get PDFBackground: Complaints of pain in cervical cancer patients make the patient suffer more. Pain is a subjective matter so that hypnotherapy can reduce the pain suffered by patients. The use of hypnotherapy in cancer patients focuses on the emotional aspects and dynamics that occur in the client's subconscious mind. Hypnotherapy can change sensations, perceptions, thoughts, feelings or behavior after being suggested. Positive suggestions given are able to influence the perception of someone who is in a hypnotic state so that they behave or perceive according to the suggestions given. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of hypnotherapy as a complementary therapy in reducing pain in cervical cancer patients.Subjects and Method: The experimental study used a random control trial which was conducted at the Dr. Moewardi Hospital from January to September 2019. A sample of 90 patients was selected by purposive sampling. 45 subjects from the treatment group received the hypnotherapy intervention and 45 subjects from the control group received standard care. The dependent variable is the level of pain. The independent variable is hypnotherapy. The level of pain is measured by a numerical pain scale of 0 to 10. Hypnotherapy is performed using hypnosis recording/ audio. Data analysis was performed using an independent t test.Results: The mean pain level after hypnotherapy (Mean= 0.8; SD= 1.96) was lower than the control group (Mean= 3.2; SD= 1.7), effect size= -1.31, and it was statistically significant (p <0.001).Conclusion: Hypnotherapy complementary therapy can help reduce pain levels in cervical cancer patients.Keywords: hypnotherapy, pain, cervical cancerCorrespondence:Hanung Prasetya. Study Program in Acupuncture, Health Polytechnics, Ministry of Health. Jl. Letjend Sutoyo, Mojosongo, Surakarta 57127, Central Java. Email: Hanung[email protected]. Mobile: +628122638908.Indonesian Journal of Medicine (2021), 06(02): 152-158https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2021.06.02.0
Effectiveness of Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn for Obesity Treatment: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials
Get PDFBackground: Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. (H. sabdariffa), commonly known as Rosella plants in Indonesia, has had various uses in the food and beverage industry and traditional medicines for hundreds of years. The main compounds of H. sabdariffa have been stated to have anti-obesity effects through its biologically active compounds. This review systematically evaluates the evidence from human randomized clinical trials on the effects of H. sabdariffa extract in obesity, including decreased bodyweight, normalizing the blood lipid profile, and modulating appetite-related biomarkers.Subjects and Method: This review is based on the patient, intervention, comparison, and outcome (PICO) procedure, with the patient is people with obesity, the intervention is the administration of H. sabdariffa extract compared to control that given placebo, and the outcomes are reduced body weight and fat accumulation, normalize blood lipid profiles, and regulate biomarkers related to appetite. Articles used are limited to the publication year between 2013 and 2021. Search is done through PubMed, ScienceDirect, Wiley Online Library, Scopus, and Google Scholar with the keywords “hibiscus sabdariffa and obesity”, “hibiscus sabdariffa and lipogenesis”, “hibiscus sabdariffa and energy metabolism”, and “hibiscus sabdariffa and appetite”.Results: The search resulted in 10 studies involving 453 subjects. We proved several significant effects of H. sabdariffa extract on obese subjects. Administration of H. sabdariffa extract for several doses and several days can improve anthropometry measurement, fat accumulation, increased satiety sensation, while the appetite sensation mainly for fatty, sweet, and salty foods was decreased.Conclusion: This review suggests that the benefit of H. sabdariffa to people with obesity are associated with body weight and blood lipid profile-lowering effect; however, more high-quality clinical trials are needed.Keywords: Hibiscus sabdariffa, obesity, appetiteCorrespondence: Suci Anggraini, Masters Program in Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia. Jl. Salemba Raya 4, Jakarta Pusat, DKI Jakarta 10430. Email: [email protected] . Mobile: 081363397973.Indonesian Journal of Medicine (2021), 06(04): 439-451https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2021.06.04.1
Meta-Analysis of the Effectiveness of Using Antiplatelet Drugs Uptake in Decreasing Mortality in COVID-19 Patients
Get PDFBackground: Viscoelastic coagulation testing in COVID-19 patients often found elevated concentrations of D-dimer and fibrinogen. Thrombotic complications can be in the form of Venous Thromboembolism (VTE), where this thrombotic disease is one of the factors associated with increased mortality of COVID-19 patients. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of antiplatelet drugs in reducing mortality in COVID-19 patients.Subjects and Method: This is a meta-analysis study using PRISMA flowchart guidelines. The article search process was carried out between 2020-2021 using PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and Scopus databases. The article search was carried out by considering the eligibility criteria defined in the PICO model. Population= COVID-19 patients, Intervention= using antiplatelet drugs, Comparison= not using anticoagulant drugs, Outcome= mortality. The keywords used were "antiplatelet" AND "mortality" AND "COVID-19". The inclusion criteria used were English full-text cohort papers and the relationship measure used as the adjusted odds ratio (aOR). Based on the database, 9 articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The analysis was carried out using RevMan 5.3 software.Results: The meta-analysis was carried out on 9 articles from the UK, Spain, Germany, Poland, America, Israel, and China. The results of data processing showed that COVID-19 patients who received antiplatelet drugs had a 0.70 times risk of dying than those without antiplatelet drugs, and it was not statistically significant (aOR= 0.70; CI 95%= 0.46 to 1.07; p= 0.100).Conclusion: The use of anticoagulant drugs reduces the mortality risk of COVID-19 patients, but it is not statistically significant.Keywords: antiplatelet, mortality, COVID-19Correspondence: Happy Nurhayati. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: [email protected]. Phone: +62 81226160538.Indonesian Journal of Medicine (2021), 06(03): 315-324https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2021.06.03.0
Relationship between Formula Milk and the Incidence Obesity in Children Under Five: Meta-Analysis
Get PDFBackground: Obesity is a nutritional disorder that most often occurs in children. Obesity is associated with worse health outcomes in children, including asthma and sleep apnea. This study aimed to examine the relationship between formula feeding and obesity in children under five.Subjects and Method: This was a meta-analysis study conducted by systematically reviewing articles from PubMed, Science Direct, Springer Link, and Google Scholar. The articles used in this research are articles that have been published from 2008-2016. The search for articles was carried out by considering the eligibility criteria using the PICO model, P: toddlers, I: formula feeding, C: breastfeeding, O: obesity. The key words for finding articles were as follows: "OR" Formula milk "OR" Infant Formula") AND" Breast Feeding "AND (Obesity OR" Body Mass Index"). The inclusion criteria used were full paper, used English, cohort and cross-sectional observational study design and the results reported were adjusted odds ratio. Articles were collected using PRISMA diagrams, and analyzed using the Review Manager 5.3 application.Results: A total of 9 articles were conducted meta-analysis in this study with a sample size of 26,119. The results of the meta-analysis of the cohort study showed that formula feeding increased the incidence of obesity in children under five (aOR= 1.10; 95% CI= 0.78 to 1.56; p= 0.570). The results of the meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies showed that formula feeding increased the incidence of obesity in children under five (aOR= 1.25; 95% CI= 0.59 to 2.63; p= 0.560).Conclusion: Formula feeding increases the incidence of obesity in children under five.Keywords: Obesity, formula, toddlers, meta-analysisCorrespondence: Elma Yopiana. Masters Program in Public Health. Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia. Email: [email protected] Journal of Medicine (2020), 05(04): 299-307https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2020.05.04.05.
Meta-Analysis of Risk Factors for Lower Extremity Amputation in Diabetes Mellitus Patients with Foot Ulcers
Get PDFBackground: Diabetic foot ulcer is a complication of diabetes mellitus which costs high, takes long wound care, increases mortality, morbidity and causes non-traumatic amputation. There are risk factors that are thought to be the cause of lower limb amputation in diabetic foot ulcers, namely peripheral artery disease, hypertension and gender. This study aims to estimate the influence of peripheral artery disease, hypertension and gender on the risk of lower limb amputation in diabetes mellitus patients with leg ulcers.Subjects and Method: Meta-analysis studies and systematic reviews were applied to this study using electronic databases of Pubmed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Springer Link. The keywords to search for articles are as follows: "diabetic foot", "lower limb amputation", "lower extremity amputation", "risk factor", "predictor", "cohort", "retrospective", "adjusted odds ratio". Articles were collected using PRISMA diagrams, and analyzed using the Review Manager 5.3 application.Results: Meta-analysis of 9 cohort articles of diabetic foot ulcer patients with peripheral artery disease (aOR= 2.46; 95% CI= 1.70 - 3.55; p<0.01); Meta-analysis of 8 cohort articles, diabetic foot ulcer patients with hypertension (aOR= 1.05; 95% CI= 0.66 - 1.68; p= 0.83); Meta-analysis of 9 cohort articles of male diabetic foot ulcer patients (aOR= 1.60; 95% CI= 1.32 - 1.94; p<0.01); Peripheral artery disease, hypertension and male gender are risk factors that can increase the incidence of lower limb amputation.Conclusion: Peripheral artery disease, hypertension and male gender are risk factors that can increase the incidence of lower limb amputation.Keywords: Peripheral artery disease, diabetic foot ulcer, lower limb amputationCorrespondence: Anissa Eka Septiani. Masters Program in Public Health. Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java,. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: 089514646458.Indonesian Journal of Medicine (2020), 05(04): 343-355https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2020.05.04.10.
Meta Analysis the Effect of Physical Activity on Survival Life in Breast Cancer Patients
Get PDFBackground: Physical activity has a positive role in breast cancer risk. Physical activity intensity is often expressed as metabolic equivalents (METs) and the analytic guidelines for international physical activity questionnaires define low activity as 4 METs and high activity as 8 METs. This study aims to estimate the effect of physical activity on the survival of breast cancer survivors based on a number of previous similar studies.Subjects and Method: This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis study. The articles used in this study were obtained from several databases including PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and Springer Link. The articles used in this study were those published from 2000-2020. The population in the study were breast cancer survivors with an intervention in the form of high physical activity. Comparison, namely low physical activity, and an outcome in the form of survival. Keywords for searching articles are as follows: "physical activity" AND "breast cancer survivors" AND "lifesustainability" OR "survival" AND "breast cancer" AND "adjusted hazard ratio" AND "cohort". The articles included in this study are full text articles with a cohort study design. Articles were collected using PRISMA flow diagrams. Articles were analyzed using the Review Manager 5.3 application.Results: There were 8 articles originating from Denmark, Norway, Canada, Germany and the United States. The results of the meta-analysis showed that physical activity was statistically significant in increasing the survival of breast cancer survivors (HR= 0.74 95% CI= 0.63 to 0.87; p= 0.0003) and I² = 0%.Conclusion: High physical activity increases the survival of breast cancer survivors.Keywords: High physical activity, survival, breast cancer survivorsCorrespondence: Enge Surabina Ketaren. Masters Progam in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: 087838583646.Indonesian Journal of Medicine (2021), 06(01): 32-41https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2021.06.01.04.
Relationship between Family History of Diabetes Mellitus and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Meta-Analysis
Get PDFBackground: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is the most common metabolic disorder first diagnosed during pregnancy. According to the American Diabetes Association (ADA) in 2006, GDM occurred in 7% of pregnancies each year. Family history of diabetes is an important risk factor for GDM. The relationshipbetween family history of DM and GDM has been investigated in several primary studies with several contradictions in the outcome. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the relationship between family history of diabetes and GDM using a meta-analysis method.Subjects and Method: The meta-analysis was conducted by systematically reviewing articles published from 2007 to 2020 from the Pubmed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and ResearchGate databases. The keywords were "Risk factor" OR "family history" OR "family history DM") AND "GDM" AND "cross sectional". The article search was carried out using PICO: the study population was pregnant women, the intervention/exposure was family history of DM, the comparison was no family history of DM, and the outcome was GDM. The article search was carried out for one month. The articles included in this study were full-text articles with a cross-sectional design. The articles were reviewed using the PRISMA flow diagram guidelines. This study used Revman 5.3 Software to analyze the articles.Results: Family history of DM increased the risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (aOR= 2.02; 95% CI= 1.54 - 2.67; p<0.001). This study used 11 articles from Ethiopia, Cameroon, Peru, Iran, Pakistan, Malaysia, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and India.Conclusion: Family history of diabetes mellitus increases the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus.Keywords: Gestational diabetes mellitus, Family history of diabetesCorrespondence: Ummu fatihah Ammutammima. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: ummuftha64@gmail.com. Mobile: 081717252573.Indonesian Journal of Medicine (2021), 06(01): 71-81https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2021.06.01.08.
Accuracy of Uric Acid and Cholesterol Levels Examination in Distinguishing Pleural Effusion Fluid Exudates and Transudates
Get PDFBackground: Light's criteria was reported 25% of misclassification transudates as exudates. This study aimed to analyse the accuracy of examining uric acid levels and pleural fluid uric acid levels, and pleural fluid cholesterol and cholesterol ratios to distinguish the exudates and transudates in pleural effusions.Subjects and Method: This was a cross-sectional study design conducted at Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta, Central Java, from July to August 2019. The study subjects were 30 pleural effusion patients treated in the pulmonology ward. The dependent variables were pleural fluid exudates and transudates. The independent variables were (1) Uric acid levels in pleural fluid; (2) The ratio of uric acid levels between pleural fluid and serum; (3) Pleural fluid cholesterol levels; and (4) The ratio of cholesterol levels between pleural fluid and serum. The study instruments were Light's criteria and laboratory examination. The diagnosis's accuracy was analysed using sensitivity, specificity, and the area under the ROC (AUC) curve.Results: Pleural fluid cholesterol showed sensitivity and specificity of 86% and 83%, with a cut-off of 32.00 for transudate results. AUC value = 0.82 with p = 0.012. Serum cholesterol showed sensitivity and specificity of 71% and 61%, with a cut-off of 175.50 for transudate results. AUC value = 0.67 with p = 0.194. Pleural fluid uric acid levels showed a sensitivity and specificity of 86% and 87%, with a cut-off of 7.25 for transudate results. AUC value = 0.83 with p = 0.009. Examination of serum uric acid levels showed a sensitivity and specificity of 86% and 70%, with a cut-off of 7.10 for transudate results. AUC value = 0.65 with p = 0.249.Conclusion: Examination of uric acid and pleural fluid cholesterol levels can be used in routine pleural effusion examinations to distinguish exudates and transudates.Keywords: accuracy, uric acid, exudates, cholesterol, transudatesCorrespondence: Yusup Subagio Sutanto. Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Sebelas Maret, Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta. Jl. Kolonel Sutarto 132, Jebres, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: dr_yusupsubagio@yahoo.com. Mobile: +62811284165.Indonesian Journal of Medicine (2021), 06(02): 159-167https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2021.06.02.05
The Effectiveness of Ethanol Extract Chayote (Sechium Edule (Jacq.) Swartz) Fraction and Juice on Pancreatic β-Cell Diameter of Male White Rats Wistar Strain with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Get PDFBackground: Diabetes Mellitus is characterrized by metabolic disturbances due to prolonged hyperglycemia, causing oxidative stress, which destroys pancreatic β cells. Adjuvant therapy that has antihyperglycemic effectiveness and is required to improve the diameter of pancreatic beta cells, one of which comes from Sechium edule (Jacq.) Swartz has potential as an antihyperglycemic, antioxidant, antiapoptosis, cardioprotective, insulin resistance. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of ethanol extract, Chayote (Sechium Edule (Jacq.) Swartz) fraction, and juice on the pancreatic β-cell diameter of white male rats Wistar strain with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Subjects and Method: This was a randomized controlled trial. Sample was Rattus novergius sp. 54 tails. The dependent variable was the diameter of the pancreatic β cells. The independent variables were ethanol extract, Sechium edule (Jacq.) Swartz fraction and juice, at a dose of 50 mg/kg BW, 100 mg/ kg BW, 150 mg/kg BW. The data were analyzed by the ANOVA test.Results: The group of mice induced by Streptozotocin 50 mg/kg BW + nicotinamide (120 mg/ kg BW) + HFD and obtained ethanol extract of chayote fruit 150 mg/ kg BW, orally, had the highest pancreatic β cell diameter compared to the other groups (Mean= 284.03; SD= 5.15).Conclusion: Sechium edule (Jacq.) Swartz has potential as an anti-apoptosis that can inhibit pancreatic β cell damageKeywords: pancreatic β cells, anti-apoptosisCorrespondence: Sanggam Bangun Hutagalung. Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Methodist Indonesia, Medan. Jl. Setia Budi Pasar II Tj. Sari, Medan 20132, North Sumatera. Email: sanggam1973@gmail.com.Indonesian Journal of Medicine (2021), 06(03): 239-245https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2021.06.03.01
The Effects of Skipping Rope Exercise, Brisk Walking Exercise, and Weight Training on Cardiorespiratory Endurance in Physiotherapy Students
Get PDFBackground: There is a mutually influencing relationship between physical activity and fitness level, especially the cardiorespiratory endurance component. Types of exercise that can increase cardiovascular endurance are skipping rope, fast walking, and weight lifting. Thoses exercises are simple and easy to do. This study aimed to determine whether or not there was a difference in influence and which one was the most influential between skipping rope, fast walking, and weight training on the cardiorespiratory endurance of physiotherapy students.Subjects and Method: This was a randomized control trial study, conducted at the Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health Polytechnics, Ministry of Health, Surakarta, from July to August 2020. A total of 36 students was selected by random sampling, and allocated into 4 groups consisted of 9 students: (1) Skipping rope exercise group; (2) Fast walking group; (3) Weight training group; and (4) Control group. The dependent variable was cardiorespiratory endurance. The independent variable was skipping rope, fast walking, and weight training. Cardiorespiratory endurance was measured by the Cooper method to measure VO2 max. Data were analyzed using paired t test, Wilcoxon, and One Way ANOVA.Results: After intervention, cardiorespiratory endurance was increased in all intervention groups. There was no statistically significant different effects on cardiorespiratory endurance between skipping rope group (Mean= 1.48; SD= 0.42), fast walking group (Mean= 1.42; SD= 0.30), weight training group (Mean= 1.38; SD= 0.22), and control group (Mean= 1.17; SD= 0.28) with p value of 0.218.Conclusion: Skipping rope and weight training significantly increase cardiorespiratory endurance. There is no difference in the effect of skipping rope, fast walking, and weight training on cardiorespiratory endurance.Keywords: skipping rope, fast walking, weight training, cardiorespiratory endurance, cooper test, VO2maxCorrespondence: Mei Kusumaningtyas. Physiotherapy Department, Health Polytechnics, Ministry of Health. Jl. Adi Sumarmo, Tohudan, Colomadu, Karanganyar, 57173, Central Java. Email: meikusumaningtyas@gmail.com. Mobile: 085725646444.Indonesian Journal of Medicine (2021), 06(04): 423-429https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2021.06.04.0