Indonesian Journal of Medicine (IJM)
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Meta-Analysis the Effect of a Potassium Nitrate Desensitizing Agent and Casein Phosphopeptide Amorphous Calcium Phosphate on Tooth Sensitivity after Office Bleaching Treatment
Get PDFBackground: Office bleaching is a treatment used to treat tooth discoloration, but it often results in tooth sensitivity. The desensitizing agent potassium nitrate and casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) can reduce tooth sensitivity because they work to inhibit nerve transmission, thereby preventing the sensation of pain. This study aimed to investigate the effect of potassium nitrate desensitization agents and CPP-ACP on tooth sensitivity after bleaching treatment.Subjects and Method: This was a meta-analysis with the following PICO format. Population= Patients who have undergone office bleaching treatment. Intervention= desensitizing agents potas-sium nitrate and CPP-ACP. Comparison: without desensitizing agent. Outcome: tooth sensitivity. Keywords used "Office bleaching" AND "Tooth sensitivity" OR "Dentine hypersensitivity" AND "Potassium nitrate" AND Casein Phosphopeptide Amorphous Calcium Phosphate" OR "CPP-ACP" AND "Randomized Controlled Trial" OR “RCT”. Studies published at PubMed, Springerlink, Cochrane Database, Hindawi, Elsevier, Google Scholar and Wiley Online Library databases, from 2013 to 2023. The selected articles were critically reviewed using the PRISMA checklist and analyzed using the Review Manager 5.4.1. The effect size used is the Standardized Mean Difference (SMD).Results: A total of 13 RCTs from Brazil, Spain, India, Pakistan, Turkey, Jordan, Iran, and the United States was selected for meta-analysis. Meta-analysis of 7 articles shows that the use of potassium nitrate desensitization agents can reduce tooth sensitivity by 0.20 units lower than without the use of desensitization agents (SMD= - 0.20; 95% CI= -0.37 to -0.03; p=0.020). Meanwhile, 7 articles show that the use of CPP-ACP desensitization agents can reduce tooth sensitivity by 0.46 units lower than without the use of desensitization agents (SMD= -0.46; 95% CI= -0.67 to - 0.24; p<0.001).Conclusion: The use of potassium nitrate desensitization agents and CPP-ACP reduces tooth sensitivity compared to without the use of potassium nitrate desensitization agents and CPP-ACP and is statistically significant.
Keywords: desensitizing agent, potassium nitrat, casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate, tooth sensitivity, office bleachin
Meta-Analysis: Effectiveness of Electroacupuncture in Reducing Anxiety and Depression
Get PDFBackground: Anxiety and depression can happen to anyone, especially in patients with certain diseases. Anxiety and depression can affect activity, and reduce quality of sleep, and life. Electroacupuncture is one of the therapies with small side effects to reduce anxiety and depression and provide a sedative effect. This study aims to analyze and estimate the effectiveness of electroacupuncture therapy to reduce anxiety and depression in patients based on the results of similar studies.Subjects and Method: This study used a systematic review and meta-analysis based on PICO, Population: Patients. Intervention: Electroacupuncture. Comparison: NonElectroacupuncture. Outcome: Decreased anxiety and depression. Data were obtained from Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct Hindawi, BMC, and Springer Link databases from 2010 to 2023. The search process used the keywords "electroacupuncture" AND "anxiety" OR "depression" AND "RCT". Article selection used the PRISMA flowchart and the results were analyzed using Review Manager 5.3 software.Results: 9 articles from Brazil, Spain, Hong Kong, and China with a sample size of 458 subjects were used in a meta-analysis of the effectiveness of electroacupuncture to reduce anxiety. And as many as 11 articles from Brazil, Spain, Hong Kong, and China with a sample size of 555 subjects were used for a meta-analysis of the effectiveness of electroacupuncture to reduce depression with an RCT study design. The results of the meta-analysis showed that patients who received electroacupuncture therapy intervention experienced an average of 0.68 units lower in anxiety (SMD=0.68; 95% CI= 1.04 to 0.33; p=0.001) and 0.51 units lower in depression (SMD =0.51; 95% CI= 0.86 to 0.16; p=0.004) compared to the group without electroacupuncture therapy.Conclusion: Electroacupuncture therapy reduces anxiety and depression.Keywords: acupuncture, electroacupuncture, anxiety, depressionCorrespondence: Yessy Widhi Astuti, Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java, Indonesia. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: +6285754174209.Indonesian Journal of Medicine (2023), 08(03): 295-309https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2023.08.03.0
Alcoholic/Narcotic Anonymous Program Outcome: A Systematic Review
Get PDFBackground: Recovery and long-term remission are the goals of treatment for substance use disorders. Though there are many pathways to recovery, the alcoholic/narcotic anonymous program is widely recommended for people with addiction as an adjunct to professional treatment services. However, not many studies reviewed the outcome resulting from alcoholic/ narcotic anonymous programs. This study aimed to systematically review the outcome of alcoholic/ narcotic anonymous programs.
Subjects and Method: This article was a systematic review study conducted by searching for articles from online databases such as EBSCO, Google Scholar, PubMed, and Science Direct. PICO: 1) Populations: alcohol addict or illegal drug abuser who is a member or ever joined the alcohol or narcotic anonymous program; 2) Intervention: alcohol or narcotic anonymous program; 3) Comparison: alcohol or narcotic addict or illegal drug abuser who is not the member or never join the alcohol or narcotic anonymous program or etc; 4) Outcome: a variety of outcomes such as reduce of drinking. The dependent variable is the outcome of AA programs. The inclusion criteria for this study were full articles using an observational or experimental study, with the publication year from 2000 until 31st May 2023. The data extraction was focused on the relationship between AA/NA program with the outcome resulting and reported following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews.
Results: A total of 9 articles reviewed in this study were from USA and UK. Six studies reported there is a significant relationship between attendance at the AA/ NA program with the increase in days of abstinence. Two studies explained that attending the AA/ NA program could lower the amount and frequency of illegal drug use. Only one study discussed that the AA/NA program could also lessen the depression that addiction causes.
Conclusion: Our review suggested that attending the AA/ NA program has benefits such as abstinence, reduced frequency or amount of substance intake, and a reduction in depression or problems brought on by using illegal substances.
Keywords: abstinence, alcoholic anonymous, alcoholism, narcotic anonymous, outcome.
Correspondence: Nadya Puspita Adriana. Universitas Kusuma Husada. Jaya Wijaya No.11, Banjarsari, Central Java, Surakarta, Indonesia. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: 0821-3800-756
Effects of Virtual Reality Therapy and Range of Motion Exercise on Range of Motion in Stroke Patients: Meta-Analysis
Get PDFBackground: Stroke is a disease caused by interference with blood flow in the brain which is still a global problem today. Post-stroke care needs to be done to prevent the worsening of the condition. One of the right interventions that can be done is virtual reality therapy and range of motion exercise. This study aims to examine, analyze and estimate changes in the range of motion of stroke patients with virtual reality therapy and range of motion exercise.Subjects and Method: Metaanalysis was carried out according to the PRISMA flow chart and the PICO model (Population: stroke patients, Intervention: virtual reality therapy and range of motion exercise, Comparison: not performed virtual reality therapy and range of motion exercise Outcome: range of motion). The databases used are Google Scholar, PubMed, and Science Direct. The keywords used (“virtual reality” OR VR) AND (stroke OR CVD) AND (“range of motion exercise” OR ROM OR “motor exercise”) AND (stroke OR CVD) AND “Randomized Control Trial”. The inclusion criteria were full-text articles with RCT studies published in 2012-2022, articles in English, and bivariate and multivariate analysis. Analysis was performed using ReVman 5.3.Results: There were 20 articles with a randomized control trial design originating from Iran, Turkey, China, Egypt, Myanmar, South Korea, Spain, the Netherlands, Italy, Switzerland, and Canada involving 799 people. A meta-analysis of 10 RCT studies concluded that virtual reality therapy increased the range of motion of stroke patients by 2.77 units (SMD= 2.77; 95% CI = 1.29 to 4.24; p<0.001) compared to no virtual reality therapy. In addition, the range of motion exercise intervention can also increase the stroke patient's range of motion by 0.84 units (SMD= 0.84; 95% CI= 0.35 to 1.33; p<0.001) compared to not being given range of motion exercise.Conclusion: Virtual Reality Therapy and Range of Motion exercises can increase the range of motion of stroke patients.Keywords: virtual reality therapy, range of motion exercise, stroke, range of motion, meta-analysis.Correspondence: Septyan Dwi Nugroho. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: 081804418933.Indonesian Journal of Medicine (2023), 08(01): 23-36https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2023.08.01.0
Toxicity Test of Sentul Fruit (Sandoricum koetjape) Peel Extract on Mice
Get PDFBackground: Sentul fruit peel extract has an antibacterial activity since it contains saponin, flavonoid, phenol, and tannin. Hence, it can be utilized in oral infection treatment. The safety level of herbal medicines needs to be studied by using a toxicity test. The study aims to discover the toxicity of Sentul fruit peel extract.Subjects and Method: The study was conducted in the laboratory of the Faculty of Food Technology of Warmadewa University and the laboratory of the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences of Warmadewa University. The independent variables of the study were the various doses of Sentul peel extract administered orally. The dependent variable was an acute toxicity test. The toxicity test in mice used an experimental study design in the laboratory that was observed qualitatively and quantitatively. The animals used were 25 male white mice (Mus musculus) and were divided into 5 groups. Data were collected based on the results of examinations from the laboratory and subsequently analyzed qualitatively and descriptively.Results: Based on the results of the LD50 Toxicity Test on Mice, Sentul peel extract samples did not cause toxic symptoms in the form of decreased heart activity, convulsions, decreased movement activity, and slow breathing. The administration of Sentul peel extract was categorized as non-toxic because mice do not experience abnormal symptoms and there was no death after the administration of the extract using the oral gavage method at all doses for 14 days, thus Sentul peel extract was safe to use as a medicinal ingredient.Conclusion: Sentul peel extract is categorized as non-toxic because mice do not experience abnormal symptoms and no death occurs.Keywords: Sentul peel, extraction, oral infection, mice, toxicityCorrespondence: I Nyoman Wirata, Health Polytechnic of the Ministry of Health Denpasar. Jl. Sanitasi No.1, Sidakarya, South Denpasar, Denpasar City, Bali 80224. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: 08123649998.Indonesian Journal of Medicine (2023), 08(01): 114-120https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2023.08.01.1
Epidemiological Analysis of Mental Health Disorders in Patients at Psychiatric Hospitals in the Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Get PDFBackground: Mental disorder is a condition of decreasing all psychiatric conditions that result in deviant behavior. WHO estimates that one in eight people in the world lives with a mental disorder in the world. The COVID-19 pandemic that has occurred since 2019 has had an impact and has had a major impact on the mental health of people in the world and in Indonesia. The Special Region of Yogyakarta is the province with the highest cases of mental disorders in Indonesia based on the results of the 2013 and 2018 Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) surveys. The purpose of this study was to determine the epidemiological description of mental disorders per classification in inpatients at Mental Hospitals in the Special Region of Yogyakarta in 2019-2021.Subjects and Method: This study used a quantitative descriptive method, sourced from secondary data from Mental Hospitals in the Special Region of Yogyakarta for the period 2019 - 2021. The population in this study was 4,413, with a total sample of 3,919. The inclusion criteria are data of inpatients with mental disorders recorded in the recapitulation of medical records of inpatients at the Mental Hospital for the period 2019 to 2021. Exclusion criteria are incomplete data. The sampling technique used is total sampling. The person variable consists of a classification of mental disorders, age, gender, education level, occupation, marital status, health insurance, and end of care. The instrument used in this research is a dummy table. Data from this study were analyzed descriptively by looking at the frequency and proportion of each variable studied.Results: The results showed that the highest disease classification was F20-F29 (schizophrenia, schizotypal disorder, and delusional disorder) 76.72%. Most of them were aged 25-44 years (55.60%), male (61.55%), graduated from high school or equivalent (46.54%), did not work (66.90%), and were not married (57.29%). Most of them use national health insurance (62.95%), end of treatment with doctor's approval (97.86%), and length of stay ≤ 42 days (95.1%). Most of the patients came from Sleman Regency (37.25%) and from urban areas (71.37%).Conclusion: Most patients with mental disorders are in productive age. People with mental disorders are an economic burden that must be borne by their families and the government. So there is a need for comprehensive prevention efforts to reduce the incidence of mental disorders in the community.Keywords: mental disorders, epidemiological studies, schizophreniaCorrespondence: Siti Kurnia Widi Hastuti, Faculty of Public Health Universitas Ahmad Dahlan. Jl Prof Dr Soepomo Warungboto Umbulharjo, Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: +62813-2843-3256.Indonesian Journal of Medicine (2023), 08(02): 204-218https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2023.08.02.1
Meta-Analysis: Effect of Acupuncture Therapy in Lowering Frozen Shoulder Pain
Get PDFBackground: Acupuncture therapy has become a popular non-drug therapy with good curative effects, convenient application, non-toxic side effects, and low cost, and it has been widely used in the treatment of Frozen Shoulder. This study aims to analyze and estimate the effect of acupuncture therapy on reducing the degree of pain in Frozen shoulders.
Subjects and Method: This study used a systematic review and meta-analysis by following PICO, Population: Frozen Shoulder patients. Intervention: acupuncture therapy. Comparison: no acupuncture therapy. Result: reduction in the degree of Frozen shoulder pain. The data used was obtained from scientific research articles from electronic databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, Hindawi, BMC, Scopus, and Science Direct Randomized Control Trial (RCT) designs from 2011 to 2022 which report effect sizes with mean and SD. The keywords used in the search for scientific articles are “Acupuncture” AND “Frozen Shoulder” AND “Frozen Shoulder Pain”. The selection of articles was carried out using the PRISMA flowchart. Data were analyzed using Review Manager software version 5.4.1.
Results: A total of 9 articles with eligible RCT designs from Asia and Europe were selected for the systematic review and meta-analysis. The results of the meta-analysis showed that patients with Frozen Shoulders who received acupuncture therapy experienced a degree of pain 0.48 units lower than without acupuncture and was statistically significant (SMD= -0.48; 95% CI= -1.14 to -0.18; p=0.15).
Conclusion: Acupuncture therapy reduces the degree of Frozen Shoulder pain.
Keywords: acupuncture, pain, frozen shoulder.
Correspondence: Mehdya Vikia Murti. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta, Central Java 57126. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: +62895363037033
Effect of Early Warning Score on Length of Stay and Mortality of Non-Surgical Patients in the Intensive Care Room at Dr. Moewardi Hospital Surakarta
Get PDFBackground: One of the efforts to improve the quality of life and patient safety in hospitals is the use of the Early Warning Score (EWS). The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of EWS on the length of stay and mortality of non-surgical patients in the intensive care unit of Dr. Moewardi Hospital Surakarta.Subjects and Method: This study is an observational study conducted using a prospective cohort study. A purposive sampling study conducted on June 10 - July 10 was carried out by taking a sample of 120 non-surgical patients in the ICU of Dr. Moewardi Hopital, Surakarta with inclusion and exclusion criteria. This study chose the early warning score as the independent variable and length of stay and mortality as the dependent variable. The method of collecting data on EWS, length of stay, and mortality was using an observation sheet filled out by the researcher. This study assessed differences in baseline characteristics and outcomes using the Chi-Square test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).Results: There is a statistically significant effect of EWS on length of stay (p = 0.024). EWS also has a statistically significant effect on mortality p<0.001.Conclusion: There is an effect of EWS on the length of stay and mortality of non-surgical patients.Keywords: EWS, length of stay, mortality, non-surgical patients, intensive careCorrespondence: Luthfiana Nadhiifa Khoirunnisa. Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java, Indonesia. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: +62 82111170000.Indonesian Journal of Medicine (2023), 08(03): 310-316https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2023.08.03.0
Effect of "TRISNA" Cultural Approach on Anxiety Reduction and Coping Increase in Drug Patients
Get PDFLatar Belakang: Prevalensi penyalahgunaan narkoba di Provinsi Jawa Tengah relatif tinggi setelah Jawa Barat dan Jawa Timur yaitu 450.000 kasus dengan prevalensi 2,5%. Dukungan psikososial diperlukan untuk mengurangi kasus penyalahgunaan narkoba. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pendekatan budaya “Trisna” terhadap penurunan kecemasan dan peningkatan coping pada pasien program terapi rumatan metadon.
Subyek dan Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan Quasi-Experimental Design yang dilakukan di RSUD Moewardi Surakarta pada bulan Juli sampai Oktober 2017. Populasi penelitian adalah 12 pasien Program Terapi Rumatan Metadon di RSUD Moewardi Surakarta. Penelitian menggunakan teknik total sampling. Variabel independen dalam penelitian ini adalah dukungan psikososial dengan pendekatan budaya “Trisna”, sedangkan variabel dependennya adalah kecemasan dan coping. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kuesioner kecemasan dengan menggunakan Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS). Analisis data dilakukan untuk mendeskripsikan karakteristik sampel. Analisis bivariat diukur dengan Independent T-Test dengan Aplikasi SPSS.
Hasil: Dukungan psikososial yang cukup besar dapat menurunkan kecemasan sebelum intervensi (Mean = 24.50; SD= 20.66) dan setelah intervensi (Mean= 21.33; SD= 18.10) dan secara statistik tidak signifikan p = 0.693. Terdapat peningkatan coping pada pasien kecanduan narkoba, sebelum intervensi (Mean = 24.50; SD= 8.70) dan setelah intervensi (Mean= 25.92; SD= 8.14) dan secara statistik tidak signifikan p = 0.683.
Kesimpulan: Terdapat perubahan berupa penurunan kecemasan dan peningkatan coping pada pasien program terapi rumatan metadon yang mendapatkan intervensi dukungan psikososial dengan pendekatan budaya “Trisna”.
Kata Kunci: dukungan psikososial, kecemasan, coping.
Korespondensi: Rita Benya Adriani, Kementerian Kesehatan Surakarta, Politeknik Kesehatan Surakarta, Jalan Letjend Sutoyo, Mojosongo, Surakarta 57127, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia. Email: [email protected]. Ponsel +628122617033
Pulmonary Hypertension in Pregnancy: A Case Report
Get PDFBackground: Pulmonary Hypertension (PH) is a disease characterized by distressing symptoms and decreased life expectancy due to the narrowing of the blood vessels of the lungs, which often leads to right heart failure. The prevalence of PH in women is 97 cases per million, with 64% of the main causes of PH in pregnancy congenital heart defects, resulting in a very high maternal and fetal mortality rate.
Case Report: A 38-year-old G4P1A2 31-week gestational age complained of shortness of breath for 5 days. Physical examination revealed blood pressure was 107/62 mmHg, Heart Rate was 98 beats per minute, respiration 40x per minute, and SpO2 88% with NRM 10 Lpm. The heart examination obtained heart sound I -II regular and a systolic murmur was heard between the left 2nd ribs. Abdominal examination was single fetus, intrauterine, breech presentation, His (+), fetal heart rate 160 beats per minute. vaginal toucher 2 cm in labour. ultrasound examination singles fetal, transverse lies, with an estimated fetal weight of 1600 grams. Echocardiography finding: ASD II L to R shunt with LV EF 60%(T), 62% (S), dilated RA-RV, TR severe, MR mild, High Probability of Pulmonary Hypertension. The patient was diagnosed with Dyspnea, Pulmonary edema caused by cardiogenic, ASD II, High probability of PH, NYHA IV, and Breech presentation in labor. Decided to perform a caesarian section and sterilization. The Male baby was born with 1570 grams Apgar Score 3-5-7. post operation patient was admitted to ICU. Twelve hours after the operation the patient had decreased control and became a PH crisis then the patient was declared dead.
Results: The death of the patient, in this case, was caused by cardiogenic shock due to Pulmonary Hypertension Crisis.
Conclusion: Early diagnosis along with collaborative and comprehensive management of pulmonary hypertension is needed for good maternal and fetal outcomes.
Keywords: pulmonary hypertension, pregnancy, heart disease.
Correspondence: Trisulo Wasyanto. Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Sebelas Maret University / Dr. Moewardi Hospital. Jl. Kol. Sutarto 132, Surakarta 57126, Central Java, Indonesia. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: +62811294225.