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The Centrality of Community in Education about Gender-Based Violence
Get PDFThe Time to Teach about Gender-Based Violence in Canada project asked teacher and student participants how Canadian educators could improve young people’s critical consciousness in relation to gender-based violence. Data collection involved individual interviews with 14 teachers, participatory workshops with three groups of students, and a virtual workshop in which teacher participants validated and expanded upon initial analysis of their interview data and responded to cellphilms produced in the student workshops. Drawing upon feminist and engaged pedagogy and situating gender-based violence as a form of difficult knowledge, analysis identifies community as a central concept for effective teaching about gender-based violence from both teacher and student perspectives. The concept of community is broken down into creating community, teaching in community, and connecting with communities. Teacher participants indicated that their capacity to create and sustain transformative learning communities would be enhanced by further support from the educational communities that they are members of
Distributing transmitters to maximize population-level representativeness in automated radio telemetry studies of animal movement
Get PDFTelemetry is a powerful and indispensable tool for evaluating wildlife movement and distribution patterns, particularly in systems where opportunities for direct observation are limited. However, the effort and expense required to track individuals often results in small sample sizes, which can lead to biased results if the sample of tracked individuals does not fully capture spatial, temporal, and individual variability within the target population. To better understand the influence of sampling design on results of automated radio telemetry studies, we conducted a retrospective power analysis of very high frequency (VHF) radio telemetry data from the Motus Wildlife Tracking System for two species of birds along the United States Atlantic coast: a shorebird, the piping plover (Charadrius melodus), and a nearshore seabird, the common tern (Sterna hirundo). We found that ~ 100–150 tracked individuals were required to identify 90% of locations known to be used by the tracked population, with 40–50 additional individuals required to include 95% of used locations. For any number of individuals, the percentage of stations included in the sample was higher for common terns than for piping plovers when tags were deployed within a single site and year. Percentages of stations included increased for piping plovers when birds were tagged over multiple sites and, to a lesser extent, years, and increased with average length of the tracking period. The probability that any given receiver station used by the population would be included in a subsample increased with the number of birds tracked, station proximity to a migratory stopover or staging site, number of receiving antennas per station, and percentage of the tracked population present. Our results provide general guidance for the number and distribution of tagged birds required to obtain representative VHF telemetry data, while also highlighting the importance of accounting for station network configuration and species-specific differences in behavior when designing automated radio telemetry studies to address specific research questions. Our results have broad applications to remotely track movements of small-bodied migratory wildlife in inaccessible habitats, including predicting and monitoring effects of offshore wind energy development
Mapping global distribution of mangrove forests at 10-m resolution
No full textMangrove forests deliver incredible ecosystem goods and services and are enormously relevant to sustainable living. An accurate assessment of the global status of mangrove forests warrants the necessity of datasets with sufficient information on spatial distributions and patch patterns. However, existing datasets were mostly derived from ∼30 m resolution satellite imagery and used pixel-based image classification methods, which lacked spatial details and reasonable geo-information. Here, based on Sentinel-2 imagery, we created a global mangrove forest dataset at 10-m resolution, namely, High-resolution Global Mangrove Forests (HGMF_2020), using object-based image analysis and random forest classification. We then analyzed the status of global mangrove forests from the perspectives of conservation, threats, and resistance to ocean disasters. We concluded the following: (1) globally, there were 145,068 km2 mangrove forests in 2020, among which Asia contained the largest coverage (39.2%); at the country level, Indonesia had the largest amount of mangrove forests, followed by Brazil and Australia. (2) Mangrove forests in South Asia were estimated to be in the better status due to the higher proportion of conservation and larger individual patch size; in contrast, mangrove forests in East and Southeast Asia were facing intensive threats. (3) Nearly, 99% of mangrove forest areas had a patch width greater than 100 m, suggesting that nearly all mangrove forests were efficient in reducing coastal wave energy and impacts. This study reports an innovative and up-to-date dataset and comprehensive information on mangrove forests status to contribute to related research and policy implementation, especially for supporting sustainable development
Nematode problems in ornamentals and turf and their sustainable management
No full textPlant-parasitic nematodes play a significant role in reducing the quality and yield of ornamental plants and turfgrasses in North America. Climate across the continent is highly varied and results in the propagation of thousands of different species of ornamentals and dozens of turfgrasses. While plant parasitic nematodes are generally classified into temperate and subtropical/tropical pathogens, considerable overlap does exist. Many of the nematodes which parasitize ornamentals and turfgrasses have wide host ranges and are extremely challenging to manage. With the loss of registration of many traditional nematicides, growers must often rely on cultural and management practices to reduce nematode populations with varied amounts of success
Media literacy and COVID-19 communication: Work and home sphere differences
Get PDFAs a learning process wherein we ask questions to enhance knowledge, media literacy offers a powerful lens for examining how people practice communication across diverse applied contexts such as professional communicators shaping messages about COVID-19. Borrowing a page from Renee Hobbs’ (1998, 1999, 2010, 2011, 2021) media literacy education research, we sought to compare/contrast media content creators’ (journalism, advertising, public relations, marketing communication) information-seeking behaviors during the 2020-2022 COVID-19 pandemic for both their paid work and unpaid volunteer work, as well as for their own and family edification. Blending the media literacy lens with social construction theory (Berger & Luckmann, 1967), our survey findings collected at the height of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2021 suggest that professional communicators (N=174) relied more frequently on media sources (64.9%) for COVID-19 information for work (paid and unpaid) and on people such as medical professionals (51.5%) as sources for COVID-19 information for their own personal and family use. Other findings detail professional communicators’ use of media literacy learning processes of accessing, analyzing, creating, reflecting, and taking action
Show or tell? A systematic review of media and information literacy measurements
Get PDFMedia and information literacy (MIL) is a key concept in several research fields and measuring the levels of MIL is considered valuable for policy stakeholders. However, the concept is complex, and few systematic reviews of research on measuring MIL levels have been conducted. This article draws on a systematic review of peer-reviewed studies measuring MIL between 2000 and 2021. Out of a total of 4008 publications, 236 were included in the analysis, and 87 were analysed in depth. A key finding was that several studies applied broad understandings of MIL, often based on initiatives by international organisations such as UNESCO, Ofcom, and EAVI. The main measuring methods in the studies were self-evaluations, knowledge claims, and demonstrated skills, all with associated possibilities and challenges. Few studies have been systematically replicated, and few have mapped larger population groups, while socio-demographic aspects have often been underestimated
The Impact of Fatigue on the Sense of Local and Global Rhythmic Movement
Get PDFEfficient movement control and the mechanisms responsible for the sense of rhythm are still not fully understood. The purpose of this paper was to estimate the influence of fatigue on the sense of rhythm defined as specific order of movements and their rhythmic perception. It was examined in a holistic way, by analyzing both global and local aspects of the movement. Twenty adult participants (20.2 ± 0.4 years, ten females) took part in the experiment. The fatigue protocol was applied in four blocks, which consisted of 30-s consecutive jumping with 80% of maximal effort. Immediately after each fatigue block, the rhythm performance was evaluated in global and local tests. The global test was based on 45 continuous jumps and was divided into an assisted and an unassisted phase using the Optojump Next System. The local test was performed by bilateral tapping of lower limbs by means of the Vienna Test System. The hypothesis about the significant effect of fatigue on the sense of rhythm was falsified. In particular, we observed the lack of differences between global and local aspects of the movement. Moreover, female participants showed a better sense of rhythm than males. Regardless of the fatigue protocol, participants made larger errors with a lower movement frequency in local rhythmic tasks. The coefficient of variation showed that sex differences were only significant in the unassisted phase of the global rhythmic task. We suggest that movement variability metrics may provide additional information about the sense of rhythm, which should be explored more in future studies, not only dependent on fatigue
The role of executive function in shaping the longitudinal stability of math achievement during early elementary grades
No full textThere is substantial rank-order stability in children\u27s mathematical skills throughout development. Research has shown that children who enter school with relatively low math skills are unlikely to catch up to peers who begin kindergarten with more developed math skills. Emerging evidence suggests that children\u27s executive function skills might play an important role in shaping the rate and stability of mathematical skill development during early development. Therefore in the present study, we used data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Kindergarten Cohort 2010-11—a prospective sample of over 18,000 children in the United States—to examine executive function as an antecedent to characteristics of growth in math skills and to test whether executive function moderates the longitudinal stability of math achievement from kindergarten through second grade. Latent growth curve models reveal that executive function is related to not only the level of math skills at school entry but also to the rate of growth in early elementary years. Moreover, we found that executive function moderated the stability of math achievement from kindergarten to second grade, suggesting that early executive function skills can serve as a compensatory mechanism for children who enter school with lower levels of mathematical skills. These findings might have important implications for narrowing gaps in math achievement during early elementary school
Developmental cascades and educational attainment
No full textDevelopmental cascades describe how systems of development interact and influence one another to shape human development across the lifespan. Despite its popularity, developmental cascades are commonly used to understand the developmental course of psychopathology, typically in the context of risk and resilience. Whether this framework can be useful for studying children\u27s educational outcomes remains underexplored. Therefore, in this chapter, we provide an overview of how developmental cascades can be used to study children\u27s academic development, with a particular focus on the biological, cognitive, and contextual pathways to educational attainment. We also provide a summary of contemporary statistical methods and highlight existing data sets that can be used to test developmental cascade models of educational attainment from birth through adulthood. We conclude the chapter by discussing the challenges of this research and explore important future directions of using developmental cascades to understand educational attainment
Virtual interviews vs. in person interviews: Factors Influencing Researchers to Conduct Virtual Interviews
Get PDFVirtual interviews are a valuable tool to save time and money and to protect the health and safety of a researcher and their research participants. This study looked at the efficacy of virtual interviews as a research method, as well as positive and negative aspects the software tools used to facilitate virtual interviews. Despite some technical difficulties, especially with automated transcription tools, surveyed researchers reported satisfaction with virtual interviews and a desire to use this interview format again in future to save time, money, inconvenience, and potential health hazards associated with travelling for in-person interviews