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Appearance and performance enhancing drug usage and body image across three age cohorts of fitness enthusiast men
Get PDFBackground: Because research findings on men’s body image and compensatory behaviors (e.g., appearance and performance enhancing drug (APED) usage) across the lifecycle in men is contradictory, the purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between age and body image concerns, and to investigate the specific types of APEDs used across the three age cohorts (emerging, established, and middle-aged men). Methods: Using an online survey and a sample of 1020 fitness enthusiast men, we investigated (1) type of APED/supplements used across three periods of life (emerging adulthood, established adulthood, middle age), and (2) any relationship between period in life and body image. Results: emerging adult participants had significantly lower appreciation for body functionality compared to their older counterparts. Established adult men had higher drive for leanness and muscle dysmorphia symptoms compared to the other two groups. The data suggest that men vary in severity of body image dissatisfaction depending on their age. All participants in the current study participated in polypharmacy of APED usage, and the associations between age cohorts and APED consumption were significant. Established adult men endorsed a more muscular body, higher drive for leanness, and they proportionally consume more APEDs compared to their younger (and older) counterparts. Conclusions: At this stage of life, men may start noticing age-related changes to their body, which may lead to preoccupations with their health and functionality, and they may use products to help counteract a declining metabolism and overall shift in physical health. Findings of this study could be beneficial for familiarizing clinicians with focused knowledge of intergenerational dynamics, which allows for better understanding of the diversity of challenges and opportunities facing each age cohort with respect to the aging body
Enhancing Li\u3csup\u3e+\u3c/sup\u3e Transport in NMC811||Graphite Lithium-Ion Batteries at Low Temperatures by Using Low-Polarity-Solvent Electrolytes
No full textLiNixCoyMnzO2 (x+y+z=1)||graphite lithium-ion battery (LIB) chemistry promises practical applications. However, its low-temperature (≤ −20 °C) performance is poor because the increased resistance encountered by Li+ transport in and across the bulk electrolytes and the electrolyte/electrode interphases induces capacity loss and battery failures. Though tremendous efforts have been made, there is still no effective way to reduce the charge transfer resistance (Rct) which dominates low-temperature LIBs performance. Herein, we propose a strategy of using low-polarity-solvent electrolytes which have weak interactions between the solvents and the Li+ to reduce Rct, achieving facile Li+ transport at sub-zero temperatures. The exemplary electrolyte enables LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2||graphite cells to deliver a capacity of ≈113 mAh g−1 (98 % full-cell capacity) at 25 °C and to remain 82 % of their room-temperature capacity at −20 °C without lithium plating at 1/3C. They also retain 84 % of their capacity at −30 °C and 78 % of their capacity at −40 °C and show stable cycling at 50 °C
Patterns of Relative Bacterial Richness and Community Composition in Seawater and Marine Sediment Are Robust for Both Operational Taxonomic Units and Amplicon Sequence Variants
Get PDFTo understand the relative influences of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) on patterns of marine microbial diversity and community composition, we examined bacterial diversity and community composition of seawater from 12 sites in the North Atlantic Ocean and Canadian Arctic and sediment from two sites in the North Atlantic. For the seawater analyses, we included samples from three to six zones in the water column of each site. For the sediment analyses, we included over 20 sediment horizons at each of two sites. For all samples, we amplified the V4–V5 hypervariable region of the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene. We analyzed each sample in two different ways: (i) by clustering its reads into 97%-similar OTUs and (ii) by assigning sequences to unique ASVs. OTU richness is much higher than ASV richness for every sample, but both OTUs and ASVs exhibit similar vertical patterns of relative diversity in both the water column and the sediment. Bacterial richness is highest just below the photic zone in the water column and at the seafloor in the sediment. For both OTUs and ASVs, richness estimates depend on the number of sequences analyzed. Both methods yield broadly similar community compositions for each sample at the taxonomic levels of phyla to families. While the two methods yield different richness values, broad-scale patterns of relative richness and community composition are similar with both methods
Jazz: The Trombone in the Hard Bop Era: An Exploration of the Improvisational Styles of Curtis Fuller and Locksely Slide Hampton (1955-1964)
No full textCapital Fictions in the Age of Fictitious Capital
No full textTheories of money have divided between viewing it as a substance and seeing it as deriving from a field. Conceiving money as a substance finds it as an inert entity passively and stably transmitting already accumulated value; this view is often linked with literary realism. Field theory envisions money\u27s value as arising from and shifting with the market or social environment from which it arises. This essay examines how the field theory of money can be linked with money\u27s role in three contemporary examples of speculative fiction: Hari Kunzru\u27s Gods Without Men, Tom McCarthy\u27s Remainder, and Ian McEwan\u27s The Cockroach. In these novels, money is linked with communication as a system that produces value within itself without referring to an external origin (Gods), is affiliated with financial and other forms of speculation as a force of social projection (Remainder), and operates as credit for labor that must still be delivered (The Cockroach). However, as these novels also indicate, money\u27s social field does not free it of its material debts to labor, for the material must ultimately underwrite fictitious capital
Scalable relevance ranking algorithm via semantic similarity assessment improves efficiency of medical chart review
Get PDFObjective: Accurately assigning phenotype information to individual patients via computational phenotyping using Electronic Health Records (EHRs) has been seen as the first step towards enabling EHRs for precision medicine research. Chart review labels annotated by clinical experts, also known as “gold standard” labels, are essential for the development and validation of computational phenotyping algorithms. However, given the complexity of EHR systems, the process of chart review is both labor intensive and time consuming. We propose a fully automated algorithm, referred to as pGUESS, to rank EHR notes according to their relevance to a given phenotype. By identifying the most relevant notes, pGUESS can greatly improve the efficiency and accuracy of chart reviews. Method: pGUESS uses prior guided semantic similarity to measure the informativeness of a clinical note to a given phenotype. We first select candidate clinical concepts from a pool of comprehensive medical concepts using public knowledge sources and then derive the semantic embedding vector (SEV) for a reference article (SEVref) and each note (SEVnote). The algorithm scores the relevance of a note as the cosine similarity between SEVnote and SEVref. Results: The algorithm was validated against four sets of 200 notes that were manually annotated by clinical experts to assess their informativeness to one of three disease phenotypes. pGUESS algorithm substantially outperforms existing unsupervised approaches for classifying the relevance status with respect to both accuracy and scalability across phenotypes. Averaging over the three phenotypes, the rank correlation between the algorithm ranking and gold standard label was 0.64 for pGUESS, but only 0.47 and 0.35 for the next two best performing algorithms. pGUESS is also much more computationally scalable compared to existing algorithms. Conclusion: pGUESS algorithm can substantially reduce the burden of chart review and holds potential in improving the efficiency and accuracy of human annotation
Nonlinear time-domain wave-structure interaction: A parallel fast integral equation approach
No full textWe report on the development and validation of a new numerical wave tank (NWT) solving fully nonlinear potential flow (FNPF) equations, as a more efficient variation of Grilli et al.\u27s NWT [Grilli et al., A fully nonlinear model for three-dimensional overturning waves over arbitrary bottom. Int J Numer Methods Fluids. 2001; 35:829-867], which was successful at modeling many wave phenomena, including landslide-generated tsunamis, rogue waves, and the initiation of wave breaking over slopes. This earlier NWT combined a three dimensional MII (mid-interval interpolation) boundary element method (BEM) to an explicit mixed Eulerian–Lagrangian time integration. The latter was based on second-order Taylor series expansions for the mesh geometry and Dirichlet free surface boundary condition for the potential, requiring high-order derivatives to be computed in space and time. Here, to be able to solve large scale wave-structure interaction problems for surface-piercing bodies of complex geometry, of interest for ocean engineering and naval hydrodynamics applications, the NWT is reformulated to use cubic B-spline meshes and the BEM solution is accelerated with a parallelized fast multipole method (FMM) based on ExaFMM, one of the fastest open source FMM to date. The NWT accuracy, convergence, and scaling are first assessed for simple cases, by comparing results with those of the earlier MII-NWT as a function of mesh size and other model parameters. The relevance of the new NWT for solving the targeted applications is then demonstrated for surface piercing fixed cylinders, for which we show that results agree well with theoretical and experimental data for wave elevation and hydrodynamic forces
Deep submarine infiltration of altered geothermal groundwater on the south Chilean Margin
Get PDFSubmarine groundwater discharge is increasingly recognized as an important component of the oceanic geochemical budget, but knowledge of the distribution of this phenomenon is limited. To date, reports of meteoric inputs to marine sediments are typically limited to shallow shelf and coastal environments, whereas contributions of freshwater along deeper sections of tectonically active margins have generally been attributed to silicate diagenesis, mineral dehydration, or methane hydrate dissociation. Here, using geochemical fingerprinting of pore water data from Site J1003 recovered from the Chilean Margin during D/V JOIDES Resolution Expedition 379 T, we show that substantial offshore freshening reflects deep and focused contributions of meteorically modified geothermal groundwater, which is likely sourced from a reservoir ~2.8 km deep in the Aysén region of Patagonia and infiltrated marine sediments during or shortly after the last glacial period. Emplacement of fossil groundwaters reflects an apparently ubiquitous phenomenon in margin sediments globally, but our results now identify an unappreciated locus of deep submarine groundwater discharge along active margins with potential implications for coastal biogeochemical processes and tectonic instability
The Mortal Sea: Fishing the Atlantic in the Age of Sail
No full textOverfishing is often thought of as a contemporary problem. Jeff Bolster’s presentation reveals humans transforming the sea long before factory trawlers turned fishing from a hand-liner’s art into an industrial enterprise. The western Atlantic’s legendary fishing banks, stretching from Cape Cod to Newfoundland, have attracted fishermen for more than five hundred years. In his innovative re-telling of that supposedly well-known sea story, Bolster, a historian and professional mariner, reveals possibilities unlocked through a focus on Environmental Humanities. Blending marine biology, ecological insight, and a remarkable cast of characters — from notable explorers to scientists to an army of unknown fishermen — this talk, based on his book of the same name, illuminates a story that is both ecological and human: the prelude to an environmental disaster.
Jeffrey Bolster is a Professor Emeritus of History at the University of New Hampshire. His expertise lies in the areas of maritime history, early American history, African American history, New Hampshire history, and environmental history of Northwest Atlantic commercial fisheries. Bolster states he “is equally at home with a deck under [his] feet or with the treasures of a research library spread before [him].”
He is the author of a number of publications including the best-selling book, Black Jacks: African American Seamen in the Age of Sail and his most recent book, The Mortal Sea: Fishing the Atlantic in the Age of Sail. The latter won the American Historical Association’s 2013 Albert J. Beveridge Prize and 2013 James Rawley Prize in Atlantic History. The book also won the North American Society for Oceanic History’s John Lyman Book Award for the best book in U.S. Maritime History. Columbia University named Bolster one of two recipients of the 2013 Bancroft Prize, which is considered one of the most distinguished academic awards in the field of history
Where Empires End: The Spanish-Portuguese Frontier and Indigenous Peoples’ Resistance
No full textBased on Sevilla’s archival work pursued at the John Carter Brown (JCB) library during the Fall of 2021, her talk presents a deeper analysis of some of the seminal works of outsiders who experienced the montaña region—located at the eastern slopes of the Andean highlands in northern Peru— and wrote about their interactions with its local population from the Portuguese/Brazilian perspective. Sevilla’s presentation answers the main questions that have guided her research, such as what is the montaña? And, to what extent did the environmental features of this region affect the relationship between the representatives from the Spanish and Portuguese empires as well as the role of indigenous peoples? These questions are at the core of the presentation issuing plausible answers in which Sevilla discusses from a macro perspective what contextualizes these two empires’ struggles of power and dominance over the montaña and its native population.
Sevilla’s previous research has focused on Spanish and Quechua-written sources depicting only the views of Peru’s national elites and merchants who lived in the montaña region of northern Peru. This has excluded the sources discussing the Portuguese imperial attempts to expand their empire to the west, along with the maintenance of trade routes and the exchange of goods coming and going from Pará, Brazil to the montaña during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Based in Quito in present-day Ecuador Jesuits followed their missionary fervor and tributaries of the Great Marañón east and then south, creating a corridor that ran parallel along the montaña. However, among other reasons that derailed the Jesuits’ plans, the Portuguese bandeirantes represented a constant threat to their Christianization agenda. The presentation of Sevilla’s archival work at the JCB sheds light on the other forces that were part of this region’s dynamic overall