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The Stages of Memory: Reflections on Memorial Art, Loss, and the Spaces Between
No full textIn this slide-lecture, James E. Young traces what he calls an “arc of memorial vernacular” from Maya Lin’s design for the Vietnam Veterans Memorial, to Holocaust counter-monuments in Germany, to Berlin’s Denkmal for the murdered Jews of Europe, to the 9/11 Memorial in New York City, ending with the National Memorial for Peace and Justice in Montgomery, Alabama. Along the way, he will draw on his experiences as a juror for both the Denkmal in Berlin and the 9/11 Memorial in New York to reflect on these memorials as ongoing processes, whose significance and meanings continue to evolve over time.
Professor Young is Distinguished University Professor of English and Judaic Studies Emeritus and Founding Director of the Institute for Holocaust, Genocide, and Memory Studies at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst. He also chaired the Department of Judaic & Near Eastern Studies between 1998 and 2010, when he founded the Institute for Holocaust, Genocide, and Memory Studies at UMass Amherst. Professor Young is the author of Writing and Rewriting the Holocaust; The Texture of Memory, which won the National Jewish Book Award in 1994; At Memory’s Edge: After-images of the Holocaust in Contemporary Art and Architecture; and The Stages of Memory: Reflections on Memorial Art, Loss, and the Spaces Between, which won the National Council for Public History Book Award in 2017. He was also the Guest Curator and exhibition catalogue editor of an exhibition at the Jewish Museum in New York City, entitled “The Art of Memory: Holocaust Memorials in History” (with venues in Berlin and Munich).
In 1997, Professor Young was appointed by the Berlin Senate to the five-member Findungskommission for Germany’s national “Memorial to Europe’s Murdered Jews,” finished and dedicated in May 2005. He has also consulted with Argentina’s government on its memorial to the desaparacidos, as well as with numerous city agencies on their memorials and museums. More recently, he served on the jury for the design competition for the World Trade Center Memorial, which opened on September 11th, 2011. At present he is completing an insider’s story about that project, entitled Memory at Ground Zero: A Juror’s Report on the World Trade Center Site Memorial and Museum.
Professor Young has written widely on public art, memorials, and national memory in both national newspapers and scholarly journals. He is the recipient of numerous awards and fellowships, including a Guggenheim Fellowship, ACLS Fellowship, NEH Exhibition planning, implementation, and research grants, Memorial Foundation for Jewish Culture Grants, an American Philosophical Society Grant, and a Yad Hanadiv Fellowship at the Hebrew University in Jerusalem
N2 Fixation in Trichodesmium Does Not Require Spatial Segregation from Photosynthesis
Get PDFThe dominant marine filamentous N2 fixer, Trichodesmium, conducts photosynthesis and N2 fixation during the daytime. Because N2 fixation is sensitive to O2, some previous studies suggested that spatial segregation of N2 fixation and photosynthesis is essential in Trichodesmium. However, this hypothesis conflicts with some observations where all the cells contain both photosystems and the N2-fixing enzyme nitrogenase. Here, we construct a systematic model simulating Trichodesmium metabolism, showing that the hypothetical spatial segregation is probably useless in increasing the Trichodesmium growth and N2 fixation, unless substances can efficiently transfer among cells with low loss to the environment. The model suggests that Trichodesmium accumulates fixed carbon in the morning and uses that in respiratory protection to reduce intracellular O2 during the mid-daytime, when photosynthesis is downregulated, allowing the occurrence of N2 fixation. A cell membrane barrier against O2 and alternative non-O2 evolving electron transfer also contribute to maintaining low intracellular O2. Our study provides a mechanism enabling N2 fixation despite the presence of photosynthesis across Trichodesmium
Overview of the MOSAiC expedition: Physical oceanography
Get PDFArctic Ocean properties and processes are highly relevant to the regional and global coupled climate system, yet still scarcely observed, especially in winter. Team OCEAN conducted a full year of physical oceanography observations as part of the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of the Arctic Climate (MOSAiC), a drift with the Arctic sea ice from October 2019 to September 2020. An international team designed and implemented the program to characterize the Arctic Ocean system in unprecedented detail, from the seafloor to the air-sea ice-ocean interface, from sub-mesoscales to pan-Arctic. The oceanographic measurements were coordinated with the other teams to explore the ocean physics and linkages to the climate and ecosystem. This paper introduces the major components of the physical oceanography program and complements the other team overviews of the MOSAiC observational program. Team OCEAN’s sampling strategy was designed around hydrographic ship-, ice- and autonomous platform-based measurements to improve the understanding of regional circulation and mixing processes. Measurements were carried out both routinely, with a regular schedule, and in response to storms or opening leads. Here we present along-drift time series of hydrographic properties, allowing insights into the seasonal and regional evolution of the water column from winter in the Laptev Sea to early summer in Fram Strait: freshening of the surface, deepening of the mixed layer, increase in temperature and salinity of the Atlantic Water. We also highlight the presence of Canada Basin deep water intrusions and a surface meltwater layer in leads. MOSAiC most likely was the most comprehensive program ever conducted over the ice-covered Arctic Ocean. While data analysis and interpretation are ongoing, the acquired datasets will support a wide range of physical oceanography and multi-disciplinary research. They will provide a significant foundation for assessing and advancing modeling capabilities in the Arctic Ocean
From Oceanography to Critical Marketing by Way of Dismantling Fast Fashion: The Purposeful Research Trajectory of Deniz Atik
Get PDFDeniz Atik’s curiosity and persistence has led her to dive in the complex waters of a powerful and ubiquitous contemporary phenomenon: fast fashion. From a critical perspective on marketing studies, Atik has addressed the impact of fast fashion on the environment, workers’ rights, consumer welfare, and the global system of industries and philosophies around fashion markets. Problematizing the logics of sustainability, western beauty standards and consumer vulnerability in terms of identity and representation are central analyses in her literature that proposes new perspectives on the universe of constructs related to fast fashion to be analyzed in the context of post-modern markets. As co-editor in chief of the MGDR journal, Atik has hope in new generations to reduce environmental impact through conscious consumption, embrace new market logics of sustainability, and challenge the underlying ethos of capitalist markets
Critical Insights into Global Diversity of Markets and Consumptionscapes: Special Issue Editorial
Get PDFIntroduction to Volume 4, Issue 1 (December 2022)
Get PDFThis editorial introduces this new issue of JIEE, featuring three papers that cover a wide variety of perspectives and topics. The first two papers originated in our late 2020 call for manuscripts addressing how the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted international engineering education. These papers once again underscore how the pandemic has spurred innovations in global program design. We close with a third paper that presents a wide-ranging review and synthesis of prior scholarship in the area of global engineering ethics
Fugitive Knowledge and Body Autonomy in the Folklore and Literature of Zora Neale Hurston and Gloria Naylor
Get PDFAmidst battles for Covid-19 vaccine mandates and accessibility, media coverage of judicial proceedings stemming from state-sanctioned racialized violence, and the exacerbation of gendered workplace/space inequality via a new virtual reality, the year 2021 marks yet another conflict over the legality of abortion in the United States, with conservative Supreme Court justices aiming to walk back the legalization of a woman’s constitutional right to terminate pregnancy as per Roe v. Wade. Through an exploration of the historical record in conjunction with Zora Neale Hurston’s Their Eyes Were Watching God and Gloria Naylor’s Mama Day, signifiers of what Marilyn Motz calls “fugitive knowledge” reveal how women have historically utilized the natural environment as a means of reproductive agency and body autonomy
An Improved Earthquake Catalog During the 2018 Kı̄lauea Eruption From Combined Onshore and Offshore Seismic Arrays
Get PDFThe Island of Hawai’i was formed by repeated eruptions of basalts at an oceanic hotspot. Kı̄lauea, the youngest among the subaerial volcanoes of the island, erupted intensely in 2018. The eruption provided an opportunity to look into the mechanisms that operate at the volcano and associated earthquake activities, as it was recorded simultaneously, for the first time, by onshore and offshore seismometers. We used most of the publicly available seismic data during the eruption period, including temporary arrays, to build a more complete earthquake catalog during the eruption than that provided by the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory. We used a short-time-average/long-time-average method to identify potential earthquakes. The detections were associated with events and automatically picked with P-wave and S-wave arrivals, which were used to locate the events in a three-dimensional velocity model. After re-examining these earthquake events, their coda/duration magnitudes were determined. The resulting half-year catalog contains 375,736 events with one of the highest daily earthquake numbers ever reported (6,128 on 21 June 2018). A great number of events were recorded during the caldera collapses, from its beginning until its rapid ending. The catalog also contains abundant events near the Pu’u‘ō‘ō vent and in the lower East Rift Zone, where an increase of seismicity in mid-July and August indicated a step-up in magma intrusion after the eruption
Reconstruction and Analysis of Thermodynamically Constrained Models Reveal Metabolic Responses of a Deep-Sea Bacterium to Temperature Perturbations
Get PDFMicrobial acclimation to different temperature conditions can involve broad changes in cell composition and metabolic efficiency. A systems-level view of these metabolic responses in nonmesophilic organisms, however, is currently missing. In this study, thermodynamically constrained genome-scale models were applied to simulate the metabolic responses of a deep-sea psychrophilic bacterium, Shewanella psychrophila WP2, under suboptimal (4°C), optimal (15°C), and supraoptimal (20°C) growth temperatures. The models were calibrated with experimentally determined growth rates of WP2. Gibbs free energy change of reactions (DrG9), metabolic fluxes, and metabolite concentrations were predicted using random simulations to characterize temperature-dependent changes in the metabolism. The modeling revealed the highest metabolic efficiency at the optimal temperature, and it suggested distinct patterns of ATP production and consumption that could lead to lower metabolic efficiency under suboptimal or supraoptimal temperatures. The modeling also predicted rearrangement of fluxes through multiple metabolic pathways, including the glycolysis pathway, Entner-Doudoroff pathway, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and electron transport system, and these predictions were corroborated through comparisons to WP2 transcriptomes. Furthermore, predictions of metabolite concentrations revealed the potential conservation of reducing equivalents and ATP in the suboptimal temperature, consistent with experimental observations from other psychrophiles. Taken together, the WP2 models provided mechanistic insights into the metabolism of a psychrophile in response to different temperatures