E-Journal UMSIDA (Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo)
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Existential Identity and Authenticity in The Glass Menagerie Through Sartrean Lens: Disfungsi Kelenjar Adrenal dan Kaitannya dengan Gangguan Endokrin
No full textGeneral Background: Tennessee Williams’ The Glass Menagerie has long been recognized for its psychological complexity and portrayal of familial dysfunction. Specific Background: While many analyses focus on psychoanalytic or realist readings, the play also invites exploration through existential philosophy, particularly that of Jean-Paul Sartre. Knowledge Gap: Limited scholarly attention has been given to examining the play through an existentialist-expressivist lens that bridges literary technique and philosophical inquiry. Aim: This paper aims to reinterpret The Glass Menagerie through Sartrean existentialism, focusing on themes of freedom, identity, and authenticity. Results: The study finds that Williams employs memory and expressionist techniques to illustrate characters’ existential crises, highlighting their struggles with "bad faith," alienation, and the burden of freedom. Amanda, Tom, and Laura each embody forms of existential angst and self-deception, yet their experiences also signal the possibility of self-assertion and authentic living. Novelty: The paper offers a novel reading by integrating Sartrean concepts such as subjectivity, personal responsibility, and authenticity with Williams’s theatrical method, revealing deeper existential dimensions of the play. Implications: This perspective not only broadens the interpretative scope of the play but also demonstrates how literary works can serve as philosophical discourses, emphasizing the relevance of existential thought in analyzing human experience amid socio-political pressures.
Highlights:
Explores The Glass Menagerie through Sartrean existential philosophy.
Analyzes characters' identity, freedom, and existential crisis via expressionism.
Reveals existential depth and philosophical relevance in Williams’s dramatic technique.
Keywords: Existentialism, Expressionism, Jean-Paul Sartre, Tennessee Williams, Plastic Theatre, Subjective Identity.
 
Cervical Cancer Screening Knowledge and Practices Among Women in Basra: Pengetahuan dan Praktik Skrining Kanker Serviks di Kalangan Perempuan di Basra
No full textBackground: Cervical cancer is a major global public health issue, ranking as the third most common cancer among women worldwide. Specific Background: Effective prevention relies on adequate knowledge and the willingness to undergo screening, yet data on these aspects remain limited in many low-resource settings. Knowledge Gap: In southern Iraq, particularly Basra, little is known about women's awareness, attitudes, and practices regarding cervical cancer screening. Aim: This study aimed to assess women's knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward cervical cancer screening in primary healthcare centers in Basra. Results: A randomized descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 400 women aged ≥20 years using systematic and random sampling across 12 health centers. Only 10.5% demonstrated good knowledge, and 2.75% had undergone a Pap smear, with 31.1% citing social media as their main information source. A significant association was found between knowledge and variables such as age, education, employment, and family history of cancer. Despite low screening rates, 62.75% exhibited a positive attitude. Novelty: This study is among the few in Iraq to explore the multifactorial dimensions of cervical cancer screening behavior. Implications: The findings highlight the urgent need for targeted health education interventions to improve screening uptake and correct misconceptions among women in underserved regions.
Highlights:
Low cervical cancer screening and knowledge among women in Basra.
Assess knowledge, attitudes, practices toward cervical cancer screening.
Poor knowledge, low screening rates, but positive attitudes observed.
Keywords: Knowledge, Attitude, Practice, Cervical Cancer Screening Test, Wome
High-Yield Cellulose Hydrolysis Using Silica-Amino Methanesulfonic Acid Catalyst: Hidrolisis Selulosa Hasil Tinggi Menggunakan Katalis Asam Metanesulfonat Silika-Amino
No full textGeneral Background: The increasing demand for sustainable energy sources has driven interest in replacing fossil fuels with biofuels. Specific Background: Second-generation bio-refining technologies utilizing lignocellulosic biomass offer a promising path toward environmentally and economically viable biofuel production. Knowledge Gap: However, efficient catalytic systems for cellulose hydrolysis under mild conditions remain limited. Aims: This study aims to synthesize and evaluate a heterogeneous catalyst, Silica-Amino methanesulfonic acid, for effective cellulose hydrolysis into glucose. Results: The catalyst, synthesized via one-pot and reflux methods, achieved up to 88% hydrolysis yield at 130 °C within 6 hours. The one-pot method yielded a 4.2 g catalyst with slightly superior activity. Optimal conditions were determined as 0.1 g catalyst mass and 130 °C. Solvent screening revealed that DMF/LiCl and Cyclohexanol/LiCl mixtures were most effective. Novelty: The direct (one-pot) synthesis method produced a catalyst with comparable or superior performance to traditional reflux methods, highlighting a more efficient and scalable approach. Implications: These findings demonstrate the potential of Silica-Amino methanesulfonic acid as a robust and reusable catalyst for bio-refining processes, contributing to the advancement of green chemistry and sustainable fuel alternatives.
Highlights:
Catalyst achieved 88% glucose yield from cellulose.
One-pot synthesis more efficient than reflux.
DMF/LiCl best solvent for hydrolysis process.
Keywords: Biofuels, Cellulose Hydrolysis, Heterogeneous Catalyst, Silica-Amino Methanesulfonic Acid, Lignocellulosic Biomas
Pragmatic Challenges in Politeness Expressions Among Iraqi EFL Students: Tantangan Pragmatis dalam Ekspresi Kesopanan di Kalangan Mahasiswa EFL Irak
No full textGeneral Background: The ability to use politeness expressions effectively in a second language is a crucial component of communicative competence. Specific Background: Recent studies have highlighted challenges language learners face in expressing themselves appropriately in different cultural contexts. Knowledge Gap: Despite the importance of pragmatic competence, there is a lack of research on how Iraqi university students, learning English as a foreign language (IEFL), navigate politeness phrases in real-life situations. Aims: This study aims to examine the pragmatic realization of politeness expressions such as requests, refusals, apologies, offers, and gratitude among IEFL students. Results: Using Discourse Completion Tests (DCTs), the study found that Iraqi students face significant challenges in pragmalinguistic realization of politeness expressions compared to American native speakers. Cultural differences were identified as a key factor contributing to these challenges, with Iraqi students often using expressions considered impolite in English-speaking cultures. Novelty: This study contributes new insights into the pragmatic difficulties faced by IEFL students in Iraqi cultural contexts. Implications: The findings suggest that language teaching should focus on developing pragmatic competence by providing contextual and culturally relevant teaching methods, helping students navigate speech conventions more effectively.
Highlights:
Pragmalinguistic challenges: Iraqi students struggle with polite English expressions.
Cultural influence: Cultural differences affect polite expression use.
Teaching implications: Focus on pragmatic competence in language education.
Keywords: pragmatics, politeness expressions, English as a foreign language, cultural differences, communicative competenc
Economic Transformation through Agricultural Diversification to Improve Farmers' Welfare: Transformasi Ekonomi Melalui Diversifikasi Pertanian Guna Peningkatan Kesejahteraan Petani
No full textGeneral Background: Agricultural transformation plays a critical role in driving economic development, particularly in rural areas. Specific Background: In Indonesia, the agricultural sector remains dominated by monoculture practices, limiting income diversification and resilience among farmers. Knowledge Gap: However, limited studies have examined how agricultural diversification specifically contributes to farmers’ welfare within regional economic development frameworks. Aims: This study aims to analyze the role of agricultural diversification in transforming local economies and improving the welfare of farmers. Results: The findings show that diversification increases productivity, enhances household income stability, and fosters resilience against price and climate shocks. It also supports the growth of rural agro-industries and market accessibility. Novelty: This study uniquely integrates socio-economic indicators with regional development models to demonstrate how diversification directly contributes to sustainable livelihood strategies. Implications: The research implies that policy frameworks should prioritize diversification strategies to achieve inclusive rural development and long-term welfare improvements for agricultural communities.
Highlights :
Diversification boosts income stability and resilience.
It links agriculture with rural industrial growth.
Policy support is crucial for sustainable impact.
Keywords: Agricultural Diversification, Rural Development, Farmer Welfare, Economic Transformation, Indonesia 
Pemanfaatan Limbah Plastik Berjenis HDPE Dan PET Sebagai Subtitusi Agregat Terhadap Sifat Mekanik Paving Block: Pemanfaatan Limbah Plastik Berjenis HDPE Dan PET Sebagai Subtitusi Agregat Terhadap Sifat Mekanik Paving Block
Get PDFThe utilization of waste as a substitute material for aggregate in paving blocks has become an effective and innovative option. One of the largest contributors to global plastic waste is Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) bottles and High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) bottle caps, both of which are types of plastic that can be used in paving mixtures due to their strength and easy availability. This research aims to examine the effects of using plastic bottle waste and bottle cap waste as aggregate substitutes on the mechanical properties of paving blocks, including impact testing and cost analysis. The results of this study show that PET variations perform better than HDPE. A 5% PET plastic variation produced the highest compressive strength of 22.32 MPa, while the lowest compressive strength was recorded with a 15% HDPE variation at 14.62 MPa. In addition to mechanical performance, paving blocks with PET variations are capable of reducing up to 2.45 kg of plastic bottles per 1 m².The utilization of waste as a substitute material for aggregate in paving blocks has become an effective and innovative option. One of the largest contributors to global plastic waste is Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) bottles and High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) bottle caps, both of which are types of plastic that can be used in paving mixtures due to their strength and easy availability. This research aims to examine the effects of using plastic bottle waste and bottle cap waste as aggregate substitutes on the mechanical properties of paving blocks, including impact testing and cost analysis. The results of this study show that PET variations perform better than HDPE. A 5% PET plastic variation produced the highest compressive strength of 22.32 MPa, while the lowest compressive strength was recorded with a 15% HDPE variation at 14.62 MPa. In addition to mechanical performance, paving blocks with PET variations are capable of reducing up to 2.45 kg of plastic bottles per 1 m².Highlight :
Paving blocks with 5% PET or HDPE meet strength standards for parking use while reducing water absorption.
Higher plastic content (>5%) weakens mechanical and impact resistance due to poor bonding.
Using PET 5% cuts material costs and reduces plastic waste by 245 kg per 100 m² area.
Keywords : Paving Block, Plastic Waste, HDPE, PET, Mechanical Strength
 
Sоciо-Ecоnоmic Wаys tо Imprоve the Well-Being of the Pоpulаtiоn
No full textGeneral Background: Socio-economic disparities remain a pressing concern in many transitional economies, including Uzbekistan. Specific Background: Despite sustained economic growth, challenges such as income inequality, limited social protection, and regional development imbalances persist. Knowledge Gap: Prior studies have predominantly focused on macro-level welfare indicators without adequately assessing the impact of integrated digital and policy reforms on equitable growth. Aims: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of government-led socio-economic strategies in enhancing population well-being through digitalization, fiscal reform, and targeted employment initiatives. Results: Employing a qualitative methodology enriched with statistical abstraction and systemic analysis, the findings reveal a consistent rise in per capita income, albeit with persistent urban–rural disparities. Targeted programs—including digitalized social assistance, vocational training, and small enterprise support—have demonstrably contributed to poverty reduction and improved living standards. Novelty: The study uniquely integrates digital reform analysis with socio-economic policy evaluation, offering a comprehensive perspective on reform-driven equity enhancement. Implications: The results suggest that sustainable improvements in well-being require a cohesive policy framework emphasizing public investment, governance transparency, and inclusive economic practices.
Highlights :
Integrated Reforms Work – Combining digitalization with fiscal and employment policies boosts income and reduces poverty.
Urban–Rural Disparity Persists – Income growth is uneven, with rural areas lagging behind urban centers.
Policy Coordination Is Key – Sustainable well-being relies on transparent, inclusive, and well-aligned public strategies.
Keywоrds : Income Inequality, Digital Reforms, Social Protection, Regional Development, Poverty Reductio
Expressive Language of Poetry as a Means of Artistic Communication
No full textGeneral Background: Poetic language has long functioned as a distinctive form of artistic and emotional communication. Specific Background: Despite a detailed understanding of poetic techniques, there remains limited clarity about how these elements function as mechanisms of communication and artistic evolution. Knowledge Gap: Existing studies often overlook the specific communicative structures and socio-aesthetic functions that enable poetry to mediate individual and collective experiences. Aims: This study investigates the expressive language of poetry as a communicative tool, analyzing how metaphor, symbolism, sound, rhythm, and ambiguity shape artistic discourse. Results: Through interdisciplinary methods combining literary theory, linguistics, and cultural criticism, the study demonstrates that poetry communicates multilayered meanings—emotional, intellectual, and political—beyond what practical language can convey. Novelty: By positioning poetic language not merely as aesthetic ornamentation but as a structured communicative system, this research offers a reconceptualization of poetry’s function within art and society. Implications: The findings affirm poetry's role in cultural transmission and identity formation, reinforcing its relevance as a dynamic medium for articulating complex human realities and fostering societal cohesion.
Highlight :
Metaphor and Symbolism: Poetry uses metaphor and symbolism to express deep emotional and intellectual ideas, creating shared understanding.
Sound and Rhythm: The auditory elements of poetry enhance emotional impact and mirror human thought patterns.
Ambiguity: Poetic language thrives on open interpretation, allowing diverse personal and cultural meanings.
Keywords : Metaphor, Symbolism, Poetic Language, Communication, Rhythm
 
Corporate Governance Moderates Tax Avoidance Determinants in Transportation Firms: Tata Kelola Perusahaan Memoderasi Faktor Penentu Penghindaran Pajak di Perusahaan Transportasi
No full textGeneral Background: Tax avoidance remains a contentious issue in corporate financial management, drawing extensive academic and regulatory attention. Specific Background: While prior studies have examined the role of firm characteristics on tax behavior, limited attention has been given to the moderating effect of corporate governance.Knowledge Gap: Few empirical studies integrate internal company factors with governance mechanisms to explain variability in tax avoidance, especially in Indonesia’s transportation manufacturing sector. Aims: This study investigates the effects of leverage, firm size, thin capitalization, corporate social responsibility (CSR), and capital intensity on tax avoidance, and evaluates whether corporate governance—proxied by independent commissioners—modulates these relationships. Results: Using Smart-PLS analysis on data from 2019–2023, we find that firm size, thin capitalization, and capital intensity significantly influence tax avoidance, whereas leverage and CSR do not. Novelty: The study introduces a moderating analysis revealing that corporate governance can either amplify or dampen the influence of firm size, CSR, and capital intensity on tax avoidance—highlighting a nuanced role for governance mechanisms.Implications: These findings underscore the strategic role of independent commissioners in mitigating aggressive tax practices and offer insights for regulators aiming to improve corporate tax compliance through governance reforms.
Highlights:
Highlights the moderating role of independent commissioners in tax strategies.
Reveals that firm size, thin capitalization, and capital intensity significantly impact tax avoidance.
Offers evidence-based insights from Indonesia’s transportation manufacturing sector (2019–2023).
Keywords: Tax Avoidance, Corporate Governance, Firm Characteristics, Capital Intensity, Independent Commissioners
 
Social Media and Lifestyle Shape Student Purchasing Patterns
No full textGeneral Background: Rising access to information and digital platforms has transformed consumption habits among youth, particularly students. Specific Background: Overseas students often face unique financial and social adjustments, making them susceptible to excessive spending. Knowledge Gap: While prior studies have discussed general student consumption, few have focused on overseas students and the role of peer influence, lifestyle, and social media combined. Aims: This study investigates the relationship between social media use, peer relationships, and lifestyle with the consumptive behavior of overseas students at UIN Sumatera Utara. Results: Using a quantitative approach and data from 75 respondents, the findings show that social media and lifestyle are positively and significantly associated with consumptive behavior, while peer influence is not statistically significant. Novelty: This study contributes by centering on migrant students in a developing country context, highlighting that lifestyle choices and media exposure override peer pressure in shaping spending habits. Implications: These results suggest that interventions aiming to reduce excessive consumption among overseas students should prioritize media literacy and financial awareness over peer-group regulation.Highlights:
1. Lifestyle is the strongest predictor of excessive student spending.
2. Peer influence does not significantly drive consumptive behavior.
3. Social media exposure correlates with increased purchase frequency.
Keywords: social media, lifestyle, student behavior, consumption, overseas student