E-Journal UMSIDA (Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo)
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Significant Micronutrient Imbalance Associated with Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia Infections in Children
No full textGeneral Background: Intestinal protozoal infections constitute a substantial public health burden in developing countries, contributing to considerable gastrointestinal morbidity among pediatric populations. Specific Background: Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia infections have been associated with malabsorption and subsequent micronutrient deficiencies in children. Knowledge Gap: Despite documented individual nutrient deficiencies, the concurrent effects of these protozoal infections on vitamin D, calcium, and vitamin C status remain inadequately characterized in Middle Eastern pediatric populations. Aims: This case-control study evaluated serum concentrations of vitamin D, calcium, and vitamin C among male children aged 1-10 years infected with E. histolytica, G. lamblia, and healthy controls in Thi-Qar Governorate, Iraq. Results: Infected children demonstrated significantly reduced micronutrient levels compared to controls (P < 0.001), with G. lamblia infection exhibiting the most pronounced deficiencies. Large effect sizes were observed for vitamin D (η² = 0.41), calcium (η² = 0.36), and vitamin C (η² = 0.52). Novelty: This investigation represents the first comprehensive assessment of multi-micronutrient deficiency patterns associated with these protozoal infections in Iraqi children. Implications: These findings underscore the necessity for integrated parasitological-nutritional interventions in clinical management protocols to optimize therapeutic outcomes and prevent long-term developmental consequences.Highlight :
Children infected with Giardia lamblia showed the lowest serum vitamin D and calcium levels, indicating more severe malabsorption than Entamoeba histolytica infection.
Intestinal protozoal infections were associated with concurrent deficiencies of vitamin D, calcium, and vitamin C, reflecting a multi-micronutrient depletion pattern rather than isolated deficits.
Large effect sizes confirmed a strong association between protozoal diarrhea, reduced body mass index, and disturbed micronutrient homeostasis in affected children.
Keywords : Intestinal protozoa, Giardia lamblia, Entamoeba histolytica, micronutrient deficiency, pediatric malnutritio
Endolymphatic Drug Delivery Improves Outcomes in Persistent Postoperative Peritonitis
No full textPostoperative peritonitis remains a critical challenge in contemporary surgery, with persistent complications despite conventional antibiotic therapy leading to increased mortality and prolonged recovery periods. This study investigates the therapeutic efficacy of direct endolymphatic drug therapy (TTBET) in managing persistent postoperative peritonitis following acute appendicitis. The research examined 66 patients with appendicular peritonitis treated in Tashkent surgical clinics, divided into a main group receiving endolymphatic therapy via catheterized peripheral lymphatic vessels (n=36) and a control group receiving conventional treatment (n=30). Immunological parameters including T-lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes, immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA, IgM), and neutrophil phagocytic activity were measured at baseline and day 14 post-treatment using standardized biochemical and immunological assays. Results demonstrated statistically significant improvements in the endolymphatic therapy group, with T-lymphocyte counts increasing 1.41-fold compared to controls (p=0.0022), IgG levels rising 1.7-fold versus 1.49-fold in controls, and neutrophil phagocytic activity improving 1.68-fold versus negligible change in the control group. This study provides novel evidence that endolymphatic administration achieves superior drug concentration at inflammatory sites while simultaneously modulating immune responses through direct lymphatic system engagement. The findings suggest endolymphatic therapy represents a pathogenetically sound approach for managing persistent peritonitis, offering reduced antibiotic doses, enhanced immunological recovery, and improved clinical outcomes, warranting broader clinical implementation in surgical infection management protocols.Keywords : Endolymphatic Drug Administration, Postoperative Peritonitis Management, Lymphatic System Therapeutics, Immunomodulation Surgical Infections, Regional Antibiotic Delivery, Purulent-Septic ComplicationsHighlight :
Endolymphatic therapy significantly increases T-lymphocytes, immunoglobulins IgG/IgM, and neutrophil phagocytic activity
Main group shows 1.41-fold T-lymphocyte increase versus minimal improvement in control group
Treatment normalizes microcirculation and reduces postoperative complications in appendicular peritonitis patients
Determining Pharmaceutical Product Costs: Scientific and Practical Issues in Uzbekistan
No full textThis study addresses the scientific and practical challenges of determining finished product costs in pharmaceutical enterprises operating in the Republic of Uzbekistan, a critical issue in the context of economic reforms, stricter state regulation of drug pricing, and the ongoing transition to International Financial Reporting Standards that demand modern cost accounting systems. The research aims to identify deficiencies in current cost determination practices and propose improved methodologies tailored to the unique technological, regulatory, and organizational characteristics of pharmaceutical firms. Employing analytical, comparative, and monographic methods, the study examines actual accounting records and internal management reports from pharmaceutical enterprises, with particular attention to cost allocation across supply, production, laboratory testing, and packaging processes, and compares cost structures between imported and domestically manufactured products. Results reveal that material costs dominate the cost structure at approximately 50 percent, while wages and depreciation together account for nearly 30 percent; however, existing reporting practices fail to adequately disclose the distribution of indirect costs across production stages, limiting managerial control effectiveness. The novelty of this research lies in developing context-specific definitions for pharmaceutical business processes and proposing enhanced reporting formats that improve cost transparency and align with international standards. These findings have significant implications for strengthening management decision-making capabilities, improving financial reporting quality, and facilitating compliance with International Financial Reporting Standards in Uzbekistan's pharmaceutical sector.Keywords : Pharmaceutical Costing, Cost Allocation Methods, Financial Reporting Transparency, Indirect Cost Distribution, International Accounting Standards, Production Cost StructureHighlight :
Material costs dominate pharmaceutical product costs, averaging 50 percent of total expenses.
Current reporting inadequately discloses indirect cost allocation across production stages and functions.
Study introduces simplified definitions and enhanced formats improving cost transparency and managerial control
Methods For Assessing The Environmental Impact of Large Industrial Enterprises on The Regional Economy: Metode Untuk Menilai Dampak Lingkungan dari Perusahaan Industri Besar Terhadap Perekonomian Daerah
No full textThe article presents an analysis of the methods that can be used to assess the impact of large industrial monopolies on the ecological state of the region, their sizes and indicators. The analysis of the methods of determining the coefficient indices of large enterprises in ensuring the ecological safety of the region while achieving economic well-being, environmental impact and efficient use of natural resources, reflecting environmental criteria and environmental quality indicators in financial statements in standard market assessments, which evaluate the activities of the enterprise from the point of view of balanced ecological and economically sustainable development, is presented.
Highlights:
Impact Analysis: Assess industrial monopolies’ ecological effects and regional safety.
Methods: Evaluate coefficient indices linking environmental impact with economic well-being.
Sustainability: Balance ecological criteria in financial reports for sustainable development.
Keywords: ecological state, assessment of the ecological state, environment, ecological safety, ecological impact in stabilizing the regional economy, environmental objects, ecological impact coefficient inde
Sustainable Approaches to Synthesis SnO2/MWCNT Nanocomposite Using Eggplant Extract: Study Structural Optical and Morphological Properties: Pendekatan Berkelanjutan untuk Sintesis Nanokomposit SnO2/MWCNT Menggunakan Ekstrak Terong: Mempelajari Sifat Optik dan Morfologi Struktural
No full textTo develop eco-friendly methods in nanotechnology, an innovative approach to the fabrication of SnO₂/MWCNT nanocomposites using an easily used yet effective green method was achieved. This study shows a sustainable route to highly reducing chemical synthesis, using the natural reducing properties of the eggplant extract. Working successfully, the research was able to create a hybrid nanomaterial comprised of tin oxide (SnO₂) and multi walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) using a simple co-precipitation technique. Combining SnO₂ and MWCNT resulted in a nanocomposite with an intriguing transformation from nanotubular to flower-like structures and uniform distribution of the particles. Detailed analysis showed a crystallite size of ~ 21.75 nm for pure SnO₂ up to 38.98 nm in the hybrid form and retained good uniformity ~ 45.84 nm. Most importantly, the integration of MWCNTs yielded an optimized bandgap reduction from 3.5 to 3.1 eV, improving the material’s light absorption ability. Such improvement opens up exciting applications in photocatalysis, gas sensing and energy storage devices. This eco friendly synthesis method is proven to be viable for creating green advanced nanomaterials, which not only provides proof of concept for green approach in creating advanced nanomaterials but allows for more sustainable practices in nanotechnology development while keeping the high performance standards needed for practical applications.
Highlights:
Eco-friendly SnO₂/MWCNT synthesis using eggplant extract
Green nanotechnology: improved bandgap, structure, and uniformity
Applications in photocatalysis, gas sensing, and energy storage
Keywords: SnO2 NPs, SnO2/MWCNT, Eggplant Extract, green synthesi
Activity of Ethanoic Extract of Ginger (Zingiber officinale) Against Pathogenic E. coli and P. aeruginosa: Aktivitas Ekstrak Etanoat Jahe (Zingiber officinale) Terhadap E. coli dan P. aeruginosa Patogen
No full textGinger (Zingiber officinale) extracts were tested for their antibacterial effectiveness in Thi-Qar province against harmful microorganisms including Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. To prepare the plant materials for extraction with 95% ethanol, they were collected, cleaned, dried, and ground. The bactericidal activity of ginger extracts was tested using the agar well diffusion technique at concentrations of 25%, 50%, 70%, and 100% w/v. Independent sample t-tests and one-way analysis of variance were part of the statistical analysis. Strong antibacterial activity was shown at all concentrations (p < 0.05) in the data, with the highest effectiveness shown against both bacterial strains at 100% concentration. When it came to P. aeruginosa, ginger was more effective than E. coli. These results support the use of ginger in alternative treatments for bacterial diseases by highlighting its potential as a natural antibacterial agent
Highlights:
Ginger extracts show antibacterial effectiveness against E. coli and P. aeruginosa.
Highest activity observed at 100% concentration using agar well diffusion technique.
Highlights ginger's potential as a natural antibacterial alternative for bacterial diseases.
Keywords: Walnut husks, iron removal, biosorption, Langmuir isotherm, thermodynamic stud
Relationship Coagulation Indicator with Hyperglycemia and Hyperlipidemia in Diabetes Mellitus Disease: Hubungan Indikator Koagulasi dengan Hiperglikemia dan Hiperlipidemia pada Penyakit Diabetes Melitus
No full textMetabolism dysfunction including hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in diabetes mellitus case are crucial factors in developing vascular diseases, platelet activation and hypercoagutable state. Increasing coagulation factors and hypercoagulability were reported in diabetes mellitus patients which due to increase of coagulation factors that resulted in prothrombotic state and extension of thrombolytic lysis in diabetes patients. Thus, this works amid to exam the association between coagulation index's with hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia in diabetes mellitus patients. FBG, HbA1c, PT, APTT, INR, D-dimer, platelets and MPV values were showed significant increase in diabetic's patients compared with their levels of healthy. Lipids profiles, AIP and TC/HDL ratio were found significantly higher in patients they were suffering from diabetic. Person correlation analysis presented a strong association between prothrombin time and (FBG, PLT, TC and LDL). MPV and AIP were a moderate positive correlate with prothrombin time. Prothrombin time was a weak correlated with HbA1c, TG, HDL and TC/HDL ratio. However, D-dimer and VLDL were negatively associated with prothrombin time. APTT value presented a strong positive association with FBG and LDL, a moderate positive relationship with AIP and TC/HLD. There was a weak positive association between APTT value HbA1c, D-dimer, PLT, MPV, TC and HDL. However, TG and VLDL were negatively correlated with APTT value.
Highlights:
Metabolic Dysfunction: Hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia increase coagulation factors in diabetes.
Key Findings: Significant rise in PT, APTT, D-dimer, lipid profiles, and MPV.
Correlations: Prothrombin time associates strongly with FBG, PLT, TC, and LDL.
Keywords: diabetes, Prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin, atherogenic index of plasma, coagulation factor
A Comprehensive Review of Vitamin C in Autoimmune Skin Disease Management: Tinjauan Komprehensif tentang Vitamin C dalam Manajemen Penyakit Kulit Autoimun
No full textGeneral Background: Autoimmune skin diseases significantly impact patients' quality of life and, in severe cases, contribute to increased morbidity and mortality. While these diseases remain incurable, management strategies improve patient outcomes. Specific Background: Vitamin C (ascorbic acid), a key antioxidant, has been recognized for its role in disease management, yet its effectiveness compared to other supplements, such as vitamins D and E, remains underexplored. Knowledge Gap: Previous studies have not comprehensively evaluated the potential of vitamin C in autoimmune skin disease management, particularly in varying delivery methods and dosage effects. Aims: This review systematically examines the role of vitamin C in treating autoimmune skin diseases, synthesizing data from peer-reviewed studies, systematic reviews, and authoritative reports. Results: Vitamin C modulates innate and adaptive immunity, enhances collagen synthesis, supports skin wound healing, and regulates inflammatory processes. However, its instability and low bioavailability pose challenges that require targeted drug delivery strategies. Novelty: Unlike prior research, this review consolidates evidence on the therapeutic potential of vitamin C, addressing its limitations and proposing integrative approaches. Implications: Findings highlight the need for optimized delivery methods and further research into vitamin C’s role in autoimmune disorders, offering a potential alternative strategy for improving disease management.
Higlights:
Autoimmune skin diseases affect quality of life and lack cures.
Review vitamin C's role in managing autoimmune skin diseases.
Vitamin C aids immunity and healing but requires optimized delivery methods.
Keywords: Vitamin C, ascorbic acid, systemic lupus erythematosus, psoriasis, autoimmune skin disease, pemphigus, scleroderma, dermatomyositis, vasculitis, and vitiligo.
 
Veterinary Students’ Knowledge of Thyroid Hormones and Educational Needs: Pengetahuan Mahasiswa Kedokteran Hewan tentang Hormon Tiroid dan Kebutuhan Pendidikan
No full textGeneral Background: The thyroid gland, an essential endocrine organ located in the anterior neck, regulates iodine homeostasis and secretes thyroid hormones that influence metabolism and cellular function. Specific Background: Understanding thyroid hormone physiology is crucial for veterinary students, as it impacts both human and animal health. Knowledge Gap: Limited research exists on veterinary students’ awareness of thyroid hormone physiology, particularly its effects on the body. Aims: This study assesses veterinary students’ knowledge of thyroid hormone function and provides recommendations to enhance their understanding. Methodology: A descriptive, cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study was conducted at the College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Basrah, with 150 students (86 females, 64 males). The questionnaire included demographic data and knowledge assessments on thyroid function, hypothyroidism, and hyperthyroidism. Results: Female students constituted the majority (57.33%). Most participants (94%) were aged 19–28. The results showed varying levels of knowledge, with 95% of responses being significant and a high mean score, indicating substantial understanding of thyroid hormone effects. Novelty: This study highlights veterinary students' competence in endocrinology and suggests targeted educational interventions for knowledge enhancement. Implications: Findings emphasize the need for improved curriculum design and interactive learning strategies to reinforce thyroid physiology education in veterinary programs.
Highlights:
Knowledge Levels: Students showed varied understanding of thyroid hormone function.
Significant Findings: 95% of responses were significant, indicating strong knowledge.
Educational Implications: Findings highlight the need for better thyroid education.
Keywords: Thyroid gland, Veterinary students, Endocrinology, Hormone physiology, Knowledge assessmen
Green Energy and Tourism Drive Colombia’s Economic Growth and Stability: Energi Hijau dan Pariwisata Mendorong Pertumbuhan dan Stabilitas Ekonomi Kolombia
No full textGeneral Background: Colombia's economy has undergone significant transformations, influenced by global and domestic factors. Specific Background: While historically reliant on agriculture and energy resources, recent shifts emphasize services, infrastructure, and trade diversification. Knowledge Gap: Despite sustained economic growth, challenges persist in employment generation, economic equity, and macroeconomic stability. Aims: This study analyzes Colombia’s economic transition, assessing policy changes, GDP fluctuations, and structural composition to identify key drivers of economic recovery. Results: Findings indicate that economic growth prospects are strongly linked to investments in green energy and tourism expansion. Inflation reached 9.7% in 2023, negatively affecting consumer spending, while rising public debt necessitates careful fiscal management. Novelty: This research provides a comprehensive evaluation of Colombia’s evolving economic model, highlighting the role of sustainable investments and technological modernization in fostering long-term stability. Implications: The study offers critical insights for policymakers in designing strategies to enhance economic resilience through green technology investments, service sector expansion, and global market adaptation.
Highlights:
Economic Shift – From agriculture to services and trade diversification.
Key Drivers – Green energy and tourism boost economic growth.
Policy Focus – Manage inflation, public debt, and macroeconomic stability.
Keywords: Colombian economy, economic transition, green energy, GDP fluctuations, policy plannin