E-Journal UMSIDA (Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo)
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1909 research outputs found
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Normal Macroscopic, Morphological and Morphometric Parameters of the Esophagus of White-Bred Rats
No full textGeneral Background: The esophagus plays a fundamental role in food transportation and peristaltic coordination within the digestive system, making it a vital subject of anatomical and physiological research. Specific Background: Despite its importance, there is limited quantitative information regarding the normal macroscopic and morphometric characteristics of the esophagus in laboratory rats, particularly in white-bred strains, which are essential for biomedical modeling. Knowledge Gap: Previous studies have focused primarily on pathological changes or chemically induced esophageal alterations, leaving a lack of standardized reference data for healthy specimens. Aims: This study aimed to characterize the normal macroscopic, morphological, and morphometric features of the esophagus in healthy white-bred rats under controlled laboratory conditions. Results: The findings revealed that the esophagus is a non-keratinized stratified squamous structure with progressive thickening of the muscular layers toward the lower segment, indicating adaptive enhancement for peristaltic propulsion. Quantitative measurements provided consistent baseline values across epithelial, submucosal, and muscular layers. Novelty: The study provides one of the most comprehensive baseline datasets for normal esophageal morphology in white-bred rats, bridging a critical gap in comparative and experimental anatomy. Implications: These reference values can serve as essential benchmarks for future pathological, toxicological, and pharmacological studies, improving the precision of experimental models involving the esophagus.Highlight :
The study presents normal macroscopic and morphometric parameters of the oesophagus in white-bred rats.
Findings highlight gradual thickening of muscular layers indicating adaptive peristaltic function.
Results provide baseline data valuable for pathological, pharmacological, and anatomical research.
Keywords : Oesophagus, Morphology, Morphometry, Histology, White-Bred Rat
Sacred Frankincense and Spiritual Meaning in Sasak Muslim Rituals
No full textGeneral background: Ritual traditions among Sasak Muslims in Lombok reveal a dynamic interaction between Islamic teachings and ancestral heritage. Specific background: One of the least discussed yet enduring practices is the use of frankincense, which remains controversial among puritan groups but continues to hold deep spiritual value for local communities. Knowledge gap: Previous studies emphasize cultural or syncretic aspects but rarely explore the inner religious experiences and sacred meanings embedded in frankincense use. Aims: This study seeks to uncover the sacredness of frankincense in Sasak Muslim rituals using a phenomenological approach, focusing on meaning, symbolism, and spiritual function. Results: The findings show that frankincense serves as a medium for purification, a channel for prayer, and a symbolic bridge between humans, ancestors, and the Divine, creating an atmosphere of calmness, reverence, and communal cohesion. Novelty: This research offers a new perspective by identifying frankincense as a lived sacred entity within local Islamic spirituality rather than a cultural remnant or superstitious practice. Implications: The study enriches scholarship on Nusantara Islam, strengthens frameworks of religious moderation grounded in local wisdom, and highlights the importance of safeguarding intangible spiritual heritage in contemporary Muslim life.
Highlights:
Highlights the spiritual meaning and sacred function of frankincense in Sasak Muslim rituals.
Reveals how ritual symbols shape inner religious experience and communal harmony.
Offers a new phenomenological perspective on lived Islam in local cultural contexts.
Keywords: Frankincense, Sasak Muslims, Phenomenology, Ritual Sacredness, Local Isla
Legal Protection for Communities in Infrastructure Development Based on State Administrative Law: Perlindungan Hukum Masyarakat dalam Pembangunan Infrastruktur berdasarkan Hukum Administrasi Negara
No full textBackground: Infrastructure development is central to national progress, yet it often generates displacement, environmental degradation, and social tension for communities near project areas. Specific Background: Although Indonesia possesses legal frameworks governing land acquisition and administrative procedures, affected communities frequently face limited transparency, insufficient participation, and restricted access to administrative remedies. Knowledge Gap: Prior studies predominantly emphasize agrarian and civil law, leaving the role of State Administrative Law in community legal protection insufficiently examined. Aims: This study explores how State Administrative Law provides legal protection for communities during infrastructure development through administrative instruments, procedures, and dispute-resolution mechanisms. Results: Findings reveal that administrative safeguards remain weak due to inconsistent application of administrative procedures, inadequate oversight, and ineffective preventive mechanisms, often pushing communities to rely on administrative litigation such as PTUN. Novelty: The study offers a four-pillar framework consisting of regulatory strengthening, professional and transparent bureaucracy, reinforced preventive and repressive administrative enforcement, and community empowerment through participatory access to justice. Implications: Strengthening administrative law mechanisms is essential to ensure that infrastructure development aligns with good governance principles and guarantees fair, accountable, and accessible legal protection for affected communities.
Highlights:
Administrative law serves as a key foundation for ensuring community legal protection in infrastructure development.
Limited transparency and weak oversight hinder the enforcement of community rights.
Strengthened administrative mechanisms are necessary to uphold fairness and accountability in development processes.
Keywords
State Administrative Law, Legal Protection, Infrastructure Development, Public Participation, Governance Complianc
Thematic Study of Management Verses and Their Relevance to Islamic Education
No full textGeneral Background: Islamic education management requires not only administrative efficiency but also strong integration of Qur’anic values to achieve holistic educational goals. Specific Background: Although the Qur’an contains numerous verses that reflect managerial principles—such as planning, leadership, deliberation, supervision, and accountability—many Islamic educational institutions have not yet fully integrated these values into management practices. Knowledge Gap: Existing studies rarely provide a thematic and systematic analysis of Qur’anic verses on management and their direct relevance to contemporary Islamic education management. Aims: This study aims to conduct a thematic analysis of management-related verses in the Qur’an and examine their applicability to the management of Islamic educational institutions. Results: The findings reveal that Qur’anic values such as trustworthiness, justice, deliberation, honesty, and responsibility offer a strong managerial framework that aligns with modern management functions, including planning, organizing, controlling, and evaluating. Novelty: This study provides an integrated thematic interpretation that bridges classical Qur’anic principles and modern educational management theory. Implications: Applying Qur’anic managerial principles can strengthen institutional governance, enhance educational quality, and support the development of holistic, value-based Islamic education systems.
Highlights:
Qur’anic values provide a comprehensive foundation for modern educational management.
Management in Islamic education must integrate ethical, spiritual, and administrative principles.
Thematic analysis reveals strong alignment between Qur’anic principles and core management functions.
Keywords: Qur’anic Management, Islamic Education, Thematic Interpretation, Spiritual Values, Educational Leadershi
Reconstructing Criminal Policy on Asset Recovery: A Comparative Study of Anti-Corruption Enforcement in Indonesia and Nigeria: Merekonstruksi Kebijakan Pidana dalam Pemulihan Aset: Studi Perbandingan Penegakan Hukum Anti-Korupsi di Indonesia dan Nigeria
No full textGeneral background: Corruption remains a systemic challenge that undermines governance, economic stability, and public trust, particularly in developing countries. Specific background: Indonesia and Nigeria have established legal frameworks for asset recovery, yet both continue to face structural, procedural, and institutional barriers that inhibit effective tracing, confiscation, and repatriation of illicit assets. Knowledge gap: Existing studies predominantly focus on normative analysis and provide limited comparative insights into how different legal systems influence the effectiveness of asset recovery. Aims: This study analyzes and compares the criminal policy frameworks of Indonesia and Nigeria to reconstruct an integrative and cross-jurisdictional model for asset recovery. Results: The study finds that Indonesia’s framework is normatively comprehensive but constrained by fragmented regulations and weak interagency coordination, while Nigeria shows stronger effectiveness through specialized institutions and non-conviction-based forfeiture despite challenges in political independence and bureaucratic integrity. Novelty: This research offers a comparative reconstruction that integrates legal norms, institutional performance, and international cooperation. Implications: The proposed model emphasizes the need for centralized asset-recovery bodies, expanded forfeiture mechanisms, and strengthened mutual legal assistance to enhance anti-corruption enforcement and restore public financial integrity.
Highlights:
Highlights contrasting effectiveness between Indonesia’s fragmented framework and Nigeria’s specialized institutions.
Emphasizes the need for integrated national and international cooperation in asset recovery.
Proposes a reconstructed policy model featuring centralized coordination and expanded forfeiture mechanisms.
Keywords: Asset Recovery, Criminal Policy, Corruption, Indonesia, Nigeri
Unilateral Termination of Employment for Employees on the Grounds of Company Efficiency: Pemutusan Hubungan Kerja Secara Sepihak Terhadap Pekerja Dengan Alasan Efisiensi Perusahaan
No full textGeneral Background: Employment termination due to corporate efficiency remains a critical issue within Indonesia’s labor framework, as it directly affects workers’ rights and socio-economic stability. Specific Background: Although statutory provisions such as Law No. 13/2003 and its amendments regulate termination, ambiguity persists, particularly regarding the scope of “efficiency,” allowing broad employer discretion. Knowledge Gap: Existing regulations fail to define efficiency clearly and diverge from Constitutional Court rulings requiring permanent business closure, creating inconsistencies in practice. Aims: This study examines the legal basis for efficiency-based termination and identifies corporate considerations in implementing labor efficiency measures. Results: Findings show that recent regulations, particularly PP 35/2021, expand employer flexibility by permitting efficiency-based termination without permanent shutdown, contradicting constitutional standards while increasing risks of unilateral action. Companies must assess internal-external factors, map affected employees, allocate severance budgets, and prepare comprehensive documentation. Novelty: This research highlights the regulatory dissonance between statutory reforms and constitutional jurisprudence while providing a structured framework for lawful termination practices. Implications: Ensuring compliance with legal principles and safeguarding workers’ rights is essential to prevent misuse of efficiency claims and uphold social justice within industrial relations.
Highlights:
Highlights the legal inconsistency between labor laws and Constitutional Court decisions on efficiency-based termination.
Emphasizes the risk of unilateral layoffs due to the vague definition of “efficiency” and “company loss.”
Stresses the need for structured corporate procedures to protect workers’ rights and ensure lawful, transparent PHK.
Keywords: Termination of Employment, Company Efficiency, Labor Law, Workers’ Rights, Constitutional Conflic
The Phenomenon of 'Marriage Is Scary' and the Role of Premarital Guidance in Preparing the Mental and Emotional Health of Prospective Brides and Grooms
No full textGeneral Background: Contemporary societies are experiencing a growing phenomenon termed “marriage is scary,” reflecting increasing fear and anxiety toward marriage, particularly among Generation Z, amid rapid social, cultural, and economic change. Specific Background: In Indonesia, declining marriage rates and pervasive negative narratives from social media, past familial trauma, and economic uncertainty have reshaped perceptions of marriage from a sacred commitment into a source of psychological burden. Knowledge Gap: Despite mandatory premarital counseling policies, limited empirical analysis has examined whether existing counseling models adequately address the deep mental and emotional anxieties underlying this phenomenon. Aims: This study aims to analyze the roots of the “marriage is scary” phenomenon and evaluate the role of premarital guidance in strengthening the mental and emotional readiness of prospective brides and grooms. Results: Findings indicate that fear of marriage is multidimensional—spiritual, psychosocial, and economic—and that premarital counseling positively enhances emotional maturity, communication skills, and confidence, though its short duration constrains impact. Novelty: The study integrates fiqh perspectives with psychosocial theory to conceptualize marriage anxiety as both a spiritual and psychological issue. Implications: Strengthening premarital counseling through comprehensive, context-sensitive, and psychosocially informed approaches is essential for fostering resilient families and mitigating marriage-related anxiety.
Highlights:
Psychosocial Roots of Marriage Fear: The “marriage is scary” phenomenon emerges from social media narratives, past trauma, economic uncertainty, and weakened spiritual orientation.
Strategic Role of Premarital Counseling: Premarital guidance contributes to improving emotional maturity, communication skills, and psychological preparedness of prospective couples.
Need for Program Enhancement: Counseling effectiveness requires longer duration, contextual materials, and integrated psychosocial–spiritual approaches to address deep-seated anxieties.
Keywords: Marriage Anxiety, Premarital Counseling, Mental Readiness, Generation Z, Family Resilienc
Legal Protection for Coastal Communities Regarding the Issuance of Land Certificates for Sea Fence Construction Projects: Perlindungan Hukum Masyarakat Pesisir terhadap Terbitnya Sertifikat Tanah Proyek Pembangunan Pagar Laut
No full textGeneral Background Coastal and marine spaces are constitutionally mandated to be managed by the state for the greatest public welfare, particularly to safeguard the livelihoods of coastal communities that depend on marine resources. Specific Background In Northern Tangerang, the issuance of Building Use Rights (SHGB) for sea fence construction projects by private corporations has restricted fishers’ access to the sea and raised fundamental legal and social concerns. Knowledge Gap Existing studies have not sufficiently integrated constitutional principles, agrarian law, marine governance, and empirical community impacts to assess the legality and implications of granting land rights over marine areas. Aims This study aims to examine the legal validity of SHGB issued over coastal waters and to analyze their implications for social justice, sustainable development, and the protection of coastal communities’ rights. Results Using a juridical-empirical approach, the study finds that SHGB over marine areas are legally invalid due to the absence of Marine Spatial Utilization Permits and the incompatibility of seas as objects of land rights, while empirically causing socio-economic and ecological harm. Novelty The research offers an integrated constitutional–agrarian–marine law analysis grounded in field evidence. Implications The findings support revocation of unlawful SHGB, stronger state oversight in marine governance, and enhanced legal protection for coastal communities to ensure equitable and sustainable coastal development.
Highlights:
Legal validity: SHGB over marine areas contradict agrarian and marine law principles.
Social impact: Sea fence construction restricts fishers’ access and undermines livelihoods.
State obligation: Constitutional mandates require equitable and sustainable marine governance.
Keywords: Coastal Communities, Marine Governance, Land Rights, Social Justice, Sustainable Developmen
Implementation of Black Campaigns as a Form of Unfair Business Competition: A Review of the Fulfillment of the Elements of Article 1365 of the Civil Code: Implementasi Black Campaign Sebagai Bentuk Persaingan Usaha Tidak Sehat: Tinjauan Terhadap Pemenuhan Unsur-Unsur Pasal 1365 KUH Perdata
No full text General background: Indonesia’s rapid economic growth has intensified business competition, particularly through the increasing use of digital marketing strategies. Specific background: This environment has contributed to the rise of black campaign practices, which not only damage business reputations but also cause substantial material and immaterial losses, while regulatory clarity remains limited. Knowledge gap: Existing studies rarely examine black campaigns as a form of unfair business competition within the framework of unlawful acts under Article 1365 of the Indonesian Civil Code. Aim: This study analyzes whether black campaign practices fulfill the elements of an unlawful act—namely the existence of an act, illegality, fault, losses, and causal relationship—thereby establishing grounds for civil liability. Results: The findings demonstrate that the characteristics of black campaigns, including the dissemination of misleading information and direct attacks on competitors’ products and branding, substantively satisfy all elements of Article 1365. Novelty: This research highlights that black campaign disputes should not be viewed solely through the lens of criminal liability under the ITE Law, but can be more effectively resolved through civil liability mechanisms that address actual economic harm. Implications: The study underscores the importance of adopting civil law remedies to protect business continuity, market fairness, and economic stability within the digital competition landscape.
Highlights:
Black campaign practices meet all elements of unlawful acts under Article 1365.
Civil liability offers a more effective remedy than relying solely on the ITE Law.
Digital competition increases reputational and economic risks for businesses.
Keywords: Black Campaign, Unfair Business Competition, Unlawful Act, Civil Liability, Digital Marketin
Evaluating a Local Economic Empowerment Grant: Growth in Cooperative Capital, Membership, and Net Surplus
No full textGeneral Background: Cooperatives play a strategic role in community-based economic development in Indonesia but often face constraints related to capital, human resources, and institutional sustainability. Specific Background: To address these challenges, the Kediri City Government implemented the PRODAMAS Plus Community Empowerment Program, providing grants to strengthen RW-level cooperatives, including the Kemiri Makmur Cooperative. Knowledge Gap: Despite the widespread implementation of grant-based empowerment programs, empirical evidence on their effectiveness in ensuring long-term cooperative sustainability at the grassroots level remains limited. Aims: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the PRODAMAS Plus economic grant in supporting the sustainability of the Kemiri Makmur Cooperative using Steers’ effectiveness framework. Results: The findings demonstrate that the grant significantly increased cooperative capital, assets, membership, and net surplus (SHU), enhanced service delivery, and enabled short-term business innovation, although sustainability was constrained by limited human resources, space, and leadership regeneration. Novelty: This study provides micro-level evidence of how localized fiscal empowerment influences cooperative performance across multiple effectiveness dimensions. Implications: The results suggest that grant programs should be complemented with continuous mentoring, capacity building, and institutional strengthening to ensure sustained community economic development.
Highlights:
Grant Impact: Substantial government grants significantly strengthened cooperative capital, assets, and net surplus.
Institutional Capacity: Human resource limitations and leadership regeneration remain key challenges to sustainability.
Policy Insight: Financial assistance must be integrated with continuous mentoring and capacity building to ensure long-term effectiveness.
Keywords: PRODAMAS Plus, Cooperative Sustainability, Community Empowerment, Local Economic Development, Program Effectivenes