E-Journal UMSIDA (Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo)
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Using Static Magnetic Field to Overcome Salt Stress in Maize Seeds
No full textGeneral Background: Salinity stress is a major environmental factor limiting crop productivity worldwide, particularly affecting early growth and germination stages in maize (Zea mays L.), a crop vital for food security and industry. Specific Background: Recent advances in agricultural biophysics have highlighted magnetic field treatment as a safe, cost-effective method to stimulate plant physiological responses and improve stress tolerance. However, its mechanisms and efficacy under salinity conditions remain insufficiently explored. Knowledge Gap: Few studies have systematically assessed the effect of static magnetic fields on maize germination and seedling vigor under salt-induced osmotic stress. Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of static magnetic field pretreatment on maize seed germination, seedling growth, and proline accumulation under varying salinity levels. Results: Exposure to 100 mT for two hours significantly enhanced germination percentage, seedling vigor, proline content, and field emergence compared to untreated controls, particularly under 2000 mg/L NaCl stress. Novelty: The findings demonstrate that static magnetic fields can mitigate the negative effects of salt stress by promoting physiological resilience without chemical intervention. Implications: This technique provides an eco-friendly strategy to improve maize establishment and productivity in saline-prone agricultural systems.Highlight :
Exposure of maize seeds to static magnetic field enhanced germinability under salinity stress conditions.
Magnetic pretreatment improved seedling vigor, proline content, and field emergence.
The 100 mT for two hours treatment showed the best performance in mitigating salt stress.
Keywords : Maize, Magnetic Field, Salinity, Germinability, Field Emergenc
Legal Certainty in The Fulfillment of Creditors’ Rights in Debt Disputes Concluding in Bankruptcy: Kepastian Pemenuhan Hak Kreditor dalam Sengketa Hutang Piutang yang Berakhir dengan Kepailitan
No full textGeneral Background: Rapid growth in business activities in Indonesia has intensified debt–credit relations, increasing the frequency of disputes that culminate in bankruptcy proceedings. Specific Background: Although Law No. 37 of 2004 on Bankruptcy and Suspension of Debt Payment Obligations (PKPU) provides procedural safeguards, practical implementation often raises concerns regarding creditor protection, as illustrated by Case No. 33/Pdt.Sus-PKPU/2020/PN Niaga Jakarta Pusat and subsequent Supreme Court decisions. Knowledge Gap: Prior studies have insufficiently examined how normative bankruptcy mechanisms operate in practice to protect creditors amid disparities among creditor classes. Aims: This study aims to analyze the forms of legal protection afforded to creditors and identify obstacles faced in realizing their rights within bankruptcy proceedings. Results: The findings show that creditor protection is formally structured through PKPU procedures, claim verification, creditor meetings, voting, homologation, and curator supervision; however, effectiveness is undermined by unequal bargaining positions, debtor non-compliance with peace agreements, and weak oversight. Novelty: This study integrates normative analysis with a detailed case study to reveal gaps between statutory design and judicial practice in creditor protection. Implications: The results suggest the need for regulatory refinement, stronger judicial supervision, and improved professional standards to ensure a fair, transparent, and effective bankruptcy system that genuinely safeguards creditors’ rights.
Highlights:
Normative Framework vs. Practice: Formal bankruptcy procedures exist, yet their implementation often fails to ensure equal and effective creditor protection.
Creditor Inequality: Differences between secured and unsecured creditors create structural imbalances in the fulfillment of claims.
Enforcement Challenges: Debtor non-compliance and weak supervision reduce the effectiveness of peace agreements and legal remedies.
Keywords: Bankruptcy, Creditor Protection, PKPU, Legal Certainty, Commercial Cour
Physics-Informed Neural Networks for Solving Maxwell’s Equations in Electromagnetic Wave Propagation
No full textGeneral background: Electromagnetic wave modeling is essential for modern communication systems, yet classical numerical solvers such as FDTD, FEM, and MoM often face high computational cost and meshing limitations. Specific background: Recent advances in physics-informed machine learning offer new approaches to solving Maxwell’s equations through continuous, mesh-free models. Knowledge gap: Despite growing interest, the performance, accuracy, and scalability of Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) for full-wave electromagnetic propagation remain insufficiently validated against established numerical solvers. Aims: This study develops a PINN framework that embeds Maxwell’s PDEs, initial conditions, and boundary constraints directly into a unified loss function to model one-dimensional wave propagation. Results: The proposed PINN achieves <1% relative error compared with an FDTD reference, demonstrates stable convergence, accurately reproduces wave propagation and reflections, and performs 100× faster during inference while using 40% less memory. Novelty: The model provides a continuous, differentiable electromagnetic field representation without discretization, enabling physically consistent predictions and fast generalization to different boundaries or materials. Implications: These results highlight PINNs as a promising mesh-free alternative for real-time electromagnetic analysis, with scalability toward higher-dimensional waveguides, antennas, and inverse design applications.Highlight :
PINNs incorporate Maxwell’s PDE residuals directly into training to ensure physically consistent electromagnetic field predictions.
The model achieves accuracy comparable to classical solvers while reducing computational load and avoiding mesh constraints.
Results demonstrate reliable wave propagation, reflection behavior, and high numerical stability within the simulated domain.
Keywords : Physics-informed neural networks, Maxwell’s equations, electromagnetic propagation, wave modeling, mesh-free computatio
The Auditor's Professional Judgment on Key Audit Matters and Ways to Determine It
No full textGeneral Background: Auditing quality increasingly depends on the robustness of professional judgment, especially in the identification of key audit matters that influence users’ trust in financial information. Specific Background: In Uzbekistan, audit reports frequently present key audit matters in generalized terms, limiting transparency and reducing alignment with ISA 701 standards. Knowledge Gap: Limited empirical evidence exists on how cognitive processes, analytical rigor, and evidence-based assessment shape auditors’ professional judgment in national practice. Aims: This study analyzes how auditors in Uzbekistan develop key audit matters, evaluates the cognitive and methodological criteria they apply, and proposes a structured framework to enhance judgment quality. Results: Empirical analysis of 20 major organizations shows significant variation in judgment quality, with superior performance linked to rigorous risk selection, comprehensive documentation, and strong skepticism, while deficiencies often arise from insufficient transparency and weak analytical depth. Novelty: The study introduces a multi-factor evaluation model combining cognitive appraisal, analytical criteria, and evidence-based assessment to quantify judgment accuracy. Implications: Adoption of systematic decision indicators can reduce subjectivity, enhance consistency across audit practices, increase the credibility of audit reports, and accelerate convergence with international standards in Uzbekistan’s auditing profession.Highlight :
Professional judgment determines the depth and credibility of key audit matters.
Evidence quality and structured analysis reduce subjectivity in audit conclusions.
Cognitive and skeptical approaches strengthen alignment with ISA 701 standards.
Keywords : Auditing, Professional Judgment, Important Audit Issues, Cognitive Approach, Evidenc
Heirs Lose Legal Protection When Land is Planned for Road Development in Indonesia
No full textGeneral Background: Public infrastructure planning in Indonesia frequently triggers conflict between state development interests and private inheritance rights. Specific Background: The designation of inherited land for road development often occurs before heirs complete formal registration processes, creating uncertainty in their legal standing. Knowledge Gap: Despite clear expropriation requirements under the Basic Agrarian Law and the Land Acquisition Act, limited research examines how planning designations are misinterpreted to extinguish heirs’ rights without compensation. Aim: This study analyzes the extent of legal protection available to heirs when inherited land is included in a road-planning area, using a normative juridical approach and the Jakarta High Court Decision No. 225/PDT/2019 as a case study. Results: Findings show that planning documents are sometimes treated as automatically converting inherited land into state land, contrary to statutory due-process requirements, thereby depriving heirs of compensation and recognition. Novelty: The article exposes a critical doctrinal inconsistency in judicial reasoning and compares it with foreign eminent-domain standards that more robustly protect succession-based property rights. Implications: Strengthening heir verification, clarifying administrative procedures, and reforming land-acquisition governance are imperative to uphold constitutional property guarantees and prevent substantive injustice.
Highlights:
Highlights how road development planning can erode heirs’ legal protection before formal expropriation and compensation.
Critically analyzes a Jakarta High Court decision that treats planned-road designation as automatically converting inherited land into state land.
Proposes reforms such as mandatory heir verification and clearer procedures to align land acquisition with constitutional property guarantees.
Keywords: Legal Protection, Heirs’ Rights, Land Acquisition, Road Development, State Lan
Metformin Antibacterial Activity on Vaginal Isolates in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
No full textGeneral Background: Bacterial resistance to antibiotics continues to intensify worldwide, creating an urgent need for adjunct therapies that enhance antimicrobial efficacy. Specific Background: Metformin, a widely used antidiabetic drug, has shown immunomodulatory and antimicrobial properties, yet its effects on vaginal pathogens in women with and without polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) remain insufficiently explored. Knowledge Gap: Limited evidence exists regarding whether metformin can potentiate antibiotic activity against common vaginal bacterial isolates, particularly in PCOS patients who often exhibit reduced IL-10 levels and heightened inflammatory states. Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the adjuvant antibacterial effect of metformin when combined with standard antibiotics against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from affected women. Results: Metformin enhanced antibiotic inhibition zones notably for K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa, while producing a moderate but less consistent synergistic effect on E. coli. Serum IL-10 levels were significantly lower in patients than controls, confirming an underlying inflammatory imbalance. Novelty: This research provides one of the first empirical assessments of metformin’s antibacterial adjuvant role in vaginal infections among PCOS and non-PCOS women. Implications: Findings suggest metformin may serve as a promising supportive agent to strengthen antibiotic efficacy and help mitigate bacterial resistance.Highlight :
Metformin enhances the antibacterial effects on K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa.
IL-10 is lower in PCOS patients, indicating inflammatory imbalance
E. coli is the most common bacterium in vaginal infections.
Keywords : Metformin, Vaginal Infection, PCOS, Antibacterial Synergy, Antibiotic Resistanc
Evaluating Tourism Export Performance in Uzbekistan: Evidence from Empirical Survey Findings
No full textGeneral background: Tourism export has emerged as a strategic economic sector for diversifying national income, particularly for countries possessing substantial cultural and natural resources. Specific background: Uzbekistan, despite its rich cultural heritage and ongoing infrastructure development, faces challenges in maximizing its tourism export potential in the competitive global market. Knowledge gap: While previous studies have examined general tourism development patterns in Uzbekistan, empirical evidence regarding international visitors' perceptions and experiences remains notably limited. Aims: This study addresses this gap by investigating tourism export challenges from foreign visitors' perspectives through systematic survey analysis. Results: Based on questionnaire data from 172 international tourists collected during 2020-2023, findings reveal critical deficiencies in marketing strategies (84% rated performance as inadequate), limited infrastructure for eco-tourism and adventure tourism, and insufficient global information dissemination, though gastronomic and cultural tourism received favorable assessments. Novelty: This research contributes original empirical insights through direct visitor feedback rather than econometric modeling, providing authentic perspectives on service quality gaps. Implications: The study offers evidence-based recommendations for enhancing market segmentation, upgrading tourism facilities, and implementing targeted marketing interventions to strengthen Uzbekistan's competitive position in international tourism markets.Highlight :
Highlights the underused tourism export potential despite strong cultural and historical assets.
Shows low marketing visibility and limited eco-adventure facilities as major barriers.
Emphasizes survey-based evidence revealing visitors’ needs for better infrastructure and diversified tourism products.
Keywords : Tourism Export Performance, Visitor Perceptions, Service Quality, Marketing Gaps, Infrastructure Challenge
Structural Analysis of Carbapenems and β-Lactamase Resistance
Get PDFGeneral Background: Carbapenem antibiotics represent a critical class of β-lactam agents widely used to manage severe infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria. Specific Background: Their unique structure—particularly the carbon substitution at C-1 and the C2–C3 double bond—confers exceptional stability against β-lactamase-mediated hydrolysis. Knowledge Gap: However, the molecular determinants that govern their interaction with penicillin-binding proteins and resistance to β-lactamases remain insufficiently explained. Aims: This study analyzes the structural characteristics of carbapenems and explains how these features relate to bacterial β-lactamase resistance. Results: Findings show that core structural modifications strengthen carbapenem binding to PBPs, disrupt peptidoglycan cross-linking, and maintain activity against extended-spectrum and metallo-β-lactamase-producing bacteria. Novelty: The work synthesizes current structural–activity insights to clarify how specific molecular configurations preserve carbapenem potency. Implications: These insights support rational drug design for next-generation carbapenems capable of combating emerging resistance threats within clinical settings.
Highlights:
Structural features of carbapenems determine stability against β-lactamases.
Binding to PBPs remains central to their bactericidal activity.
Findings support future development of improved carbapenem derivatives.
Keywords: Carbapenem, β-Lactamase, Molecular Structure, Antibiotic Resistance, PBP
Assessment of Trace Elements in Water, Sediments, and Fish Tissues from the Al-Gharraf River
No full textGeneral Background: Trace elements are persistent environmental contaminants that accumulate in aquatic systems and pose ecological and health risks. Specific Background: The Al-Gharraf River in southern Iraq receives inputs from agricultural, industrial, and domestic activities, increasing concern about metal enrichment in water, sediments, and fish. Knowledge Gap: Despite regional studies, data on the simultaneous distribution and bioaccumulation of cadmium and zinc in multiple environmental compartments of this river remain limited. Aims: This study assessed concentrations of cadmium and zinc in water, sediments, and fish tissues across three months to determine contamination levels and ecological implications. Results: Findings showed pronounced elevation of both metals in December compared with November and January, with the highest accumulation recorded in sediments and in fish gills and liver, while muscles exhibited comparatively lower concentrations. The consistent month-to-month variation demonstrated active metal inputs and dynamic environmental interactions that facilitate bioaccumulation. Novelty: This study provides integrated, compartment-based evidence of trace-metal distribution in a key river system using synchronized sampling of water, sediment, and multiple fish tissues. Implications: The results underscore the urgent need for strengthened monitoring and management strategies to mitigate metal pollution and safeguard ecosystem integrity and public health.Highlight :
Shows increased cadmium and zinc levels in December across all sample types.
Fish organs, especially gills and liver, display clear bioaccumulation patterns.
The findings underline the need for stricter environmental monitoring.
Keywords : Trace Metals, Al-Gharraf River, Water, Sediments, Fish Tissue
Helicobacter pylori Infection: From Pathogenesis to Clinical Management
No full textGeneral Background: Helicobacter pylori represents a gram-negative bacterium colonizing gastric mucosa in approximately half of the global population, recognized as the primary causative agent of chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, gastric cancer, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. Specific Background: The bacterium employs sophisticated virulence factors including cytotoxin-associated gene A and vacuolating cytotoxin A to establish chronic infection, triggering persistent inflammatory responses that progress through atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia, and dysplasia toward malignancy. Knowledge Gap: Despite advances in understanding pathogenesis and treatment protocols, escalating antibiotic resistance threatens conventional eradication strategies, necessitating comprehensive evaluation of current diagnostic approaches and therapeutic interventions. Aims: This review systematically examines the microbiology, pathogenesis, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic methods, and treatment strategies for H. pylori infection, with particular emphasis on antibiotic resistance patterns. Results: Evidence demonstrates that bismuth-based quadruple therapy achieves 80-90% eradication rates even in clarithromycin-resistant regions, while H. pylori eradication significantly reduces gastric cancer risk when implemented before precancerous lesion development. Novelty: The analysis integrates molecular resistance mechanisms with population-based epidemiological patterns to inform personalized treatment selection. Implications: Sustained multidisciplinary collaboration remains essential for developing novel antibiotics, rapid susceptibility testing, and effective vaccines to reduce global H. pylori disease burden.Keywords : Helicobacter Pylori, Gastric Cancer, Peptic Ulcer Disease, Antibiotic Resistance, Diagnostic MethodsHighlight :
Bacterium infects approximately 4.4 billion individuals worldwide with varying regional prevalence rates.
Clarithromycin resistance reaches 50% in some regions, reducing triple therapy effectiveness significantly.
Early eradication prevents gastric cancer progression when administered before precancerous lesion onset