E-Journal UMSIDA (Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo)
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Isolation and Diagnosis of Microorganism from Sandwiches (Street-Food and Fast Food): Isolasi dan Diagnosis Mikroorganisme dari Sandwich (Makanan Jajanan dan Makanan Cepat Saji)
No full textFifty food samples were collected from 60 randomly chosen fast food and traditional restaurants in Al-Najaf, Iraq. These samples were incubated to encourage bacterial growth at 37°C for 24 to 48 hours, while fungi were cultured at 25°C for seven days. The analysis showed that out of the 17 samples isolated from the food, nine different bacterial genera and ten fungal genera were identified, the bacterial and fungal species isolated in this study included Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella sp., Escherichia coli, Streptococcus sp., Salmonella sp., Bacillus subtilis, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus terreus, Penicillium expansum, Penicillium sp., Rhizopus sp., Cladosporium sp., Alternaria sp., and Fusarium sp. The findings revealed that Aspergillus niger was the most predominant species, followed by Penicillium sp., and then Aspergillus flavus and Alternaria sp., with their respective frequencies being 52%, 45%, 50%, and 31.3%. The occurrence rates in falafel were 80%, 75%, 73%, and 45% respectively. In the case of beef burgers, Aspergillus flavus was predominant, with a frequency and visible percentage of 36%, 53%, and 35% respectively. Cladosporium sp. showed the lowest frequency and appearance percentage in beef pizza, with values of 26% and 6.6% respectively.
Highlights:
Food samples tested: 9 bacterial, 10 fungal species identified.
Aspergillus niger predominant in falafel, beef burgers, and beef pizza.
Cladosporium sp. showed lowest frequency and appearance in beef pizza.
Keywords: Street-Food , Fast Food, Staphylococcus aureus, Sandwiche
Epidemiology of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis and Its Diagnosis Using Polymerase Chain Reaction Technique in Salah Al-Din Governorate.: Epidemiologi Leishmaniasis Kulit dan Diagnosisnya Menggunakan Teknik Reaksi Rantai Polimerase di Kegubernuran Salah Al-Din.
No full textThe study, conducted from October 2022 to March 2023, aimed to detect cutaneous leishmaniasis in 169 samples from visitors to Samarra General Hospital and dermatology outpatient clinics. Samples were confirmed via direct smear and PCR techniques. The study examined the spread of the parasite by various factors, revealing a higher infection rate in rural areas (64.5%) compared to urban areas (35.5%). The highest infection rate was observed in children aged 1-10 years (21.89%), followed by those aged 21-30 years (17.7%), while the lowest infection rate was in individuals aged 61-70 years (4.73%). Wet ulcers were more common (75.1%) than dry ulcers (24.9%). The infection rate was highest in January (27.22%), followed by February (21.89%), with March showing the lowest rate (10.65%). Facial infections were most common (42.6%), followed by lower extremities (40.23%), and the trunk had the lowest incidence (0.59%). Molecular analysis using PCR revealed that L. major was the predominant type (68.64%), with L. tropica accounting for 31.36%. Males showed a higher infection rate for both types, with L. major affecting 44.38% of males compared to 24.26% of females, and L. tropica infecting 21.3% of males versus 10.06% of females.
Highlights:
Study on cutaneous leishmaniasis in 169 samples, confirmed by smear and PCR.
Higher infection in rural areas, children, wet ulcers, and January-March period.
L.major prevalent (68.64%), higher male infection rates in both parasite types.
Keywords: leishmaniasis, pcr, diagnosis ,leishmania tropica, lishmania majo
The Evolution of Management Theory: A Literature Review : Evolusi Teori Manajemen: Sebuah Tinjauan Literatur
No full textThe evolution of management principles is evaluated throughout this review through an examination of their historical progression starting from pre-industrial times up to modern theories. The research emphasizes traditional management theories by linking Taylor’s Scientific Management and Fayol’s Administrative Principles to modern behavioral theories including Human Relations Movement and Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs and McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y. The research investigates strategic management frameworks especially Porter’s Five Forces and the Resource-Based View in detail to determine their capacity to resolve organizational difficulties. This analysis explores both the timeless value of management principles and the requirement to adjust them according to current global market shifts alongside technology progress and temporary staffing practices. The multidimensional evaluation demonstrates to both academic researchers and organizational professionals how management grew in the past while providing approachable methods to resolve present-day organizational intricacies.
Highlights:
Historical evolution: From pre-industrial management to modern theories.
Key frameworks: Scientific Management, Administrative Principles, Behavioral Theories, Strategic Models.
Relevance today: Adapting principles to global markets, technology, and staffing trends.
Keywords: Management evolution, classical theories, modern management, scientific management, organizational behavior, management practices, managerial trends
Digital Currencies Reshaping Cross-Border Trade: Opportunities, Challenges, and Strategic Frameworks: Mata Uang Digital Membentuk Kembali Perdagangan Lintas Batas: Peluang, Tantangan, dan Kerangka Kerja Strategis
No full textDigital currencies have merged with the international trade, creating a paradigm shift towards or even complete change in cross border transactions dynamics. In this extensive research study, the complex relation between digital currencies and international trade are explored, for the opportunities are as plentiful as the obstacles. I have included a comprehensive analysis of empirical evidences and case studies to demonstrate how digital currencies can positively affect cross border transactions. Consequently, the findings specifically point out the advantages of enabling enhanced efficiency, achieving cost reduction, facilitation of financial inclusion, and transparency and traceability in trade brought about by digital currencies. However, troublesome regulatory intricacies, apprehensions of security, potential system switching, adverse implications for the stability of the economy and the financial system and the volatility of exchange rates present substantial hurdles. For this reason, this piece of research highlights the need to develop synergistic regulatory frameworks, apposite risk management methods, and proactive actions to handle the acerbic nature of digital currencies in the party of global trade. We propose a fundamental framework for understanding and solving the emerging problems and opportunities in the area in the global commerce, as a result of the ongoing digital currency revolution.
Highlights:
Digital currencies reshape international trade, enhancing efficiency and reducing costs.
Regulatory challenges, security risks, and volatility hinder seamless global adoption.
A strategic framework is needed for risk management and regulatory synergy.
Keywords: Digital Currency, International Trade, Cryptocurrencies, Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDC), Cross-Border Transaction
Organizational Culture Shapes Performance in University Handball Teams: Budaya Organisasi Membentuk Performa Tim Bola Tangan Universitas
No full textGeneral Background: The management of university sports teams is a complex field requiring coordination between university administrations, coaches, and players. University championships serve not only as competitive events but also as educational platforms that enhance students’ personal and social development. Specific Background: Organizational culture plays a fundamental role in the success of university sports teams by shaping relationships, influencing performance, and fostering collaboration. Despite its importance, limited research has examined the impact of organizational culture on sports team management, particularly in university handball teams. Knowledge Gap: Existing studies have not fully explored the interplay between organizational culture dimensions—such as leadership, teamwork, responsibility, and transparency—in enhancing sports performance and team interaction. Aims: This study aims to analyze the organizational culture in university handball team management, determine its influence on performance, and identify key challenges. Results: Findings indicate that high-level university teams exhibit a strong organizational culture. Cooperation and teamwork have the most significant impact, followed by leadership, responsibility, and transparency. Novelty: This study provides empirical evidence on how specific cultural dimensions influence university sports management, emphasizing teamwork’s dominant role. Implications: The results offer insights for sports administrators and policymakers to strengthen organizational culture, ultimately improving team performance and fostering a more cohesive sports environment.
Highlights:
Teamwork Matters – Strongest influence on organizational culture in sports teams.
Leadership Guides – Enhances performance and shapes team culture.
Transparency Counts – Justice and responsibility improve team dynamics.
Keywords: Organizational culture, university sports management, teamwork, leadership, handball team
Alternative Sanctions in Criminal Justice: A Comparative Legal Study: Sanksi Alternatif dalam Peradilan Pidana: Sebuah Studi Perbandingan Hukum
No full textGeneral Background: Modern criminal justice systems are increasingly shifting toward alternative sanctions to incarceration, responding to the humanitarian, social, and economic burdens of traditional punitive measures. Specific Background: Overcrowded prisons, escalating costs, and rising crime rates highlight the inefficiency of imprisonment-centered policies. Knowledge Gap: Despite international recognition of alternatives, there remains limited comparative research on their effectiveness, legal structures, and practical implementation across diverse legal systems. Aims: This study investigates the legal frameworks, enforcement mechanisms, and operational challenges of alternative sanctions—including community service, house arrest, electronic monitoring, fines, and rehabilitation—across four countries: France, the United States, Saudi Arabia, and Egypt. Results: The findings reveal variations in the success of alternative sanctions based on legislative support, enforcement resources, and public acceptance. Strong institutional backing and legal clarity are key to effective implementation. Novelty: By combining descriptive and comparative analyses using legal texts, judicial decisions, human rights reports, and academic literature, the study uniquely synthesizes multi-jurisdictional insights on non-custodial sanctions. Implications: The research advocates for reinforced legal infrastructures, capacity-building within enforcement bodies, and public awareness campaigns to ensure sustainable application of humane and cost-effective alternatives to imprisonment.
Highlights:
Shift from prison to humane alternative sanctions
Comparative study of four legal systems
Emphasizes law, enforcement, and public awareness
Keywords: Alternative sanctions, criminal justice, imprisonment, legal systems, rehabilitatio
Assessment of Nurse’s Knowledge Regarding Physiotherapy for Obesity and Overweight: Penilaian Pengetahuan Perawat tentang Fisioterapi untuk Obesitas dan Kelebihan Berat Badan
No full textObesity is a significant global health issue associated with chronic conditions such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and osteoarthritis. Physiotherapy is increasingly recognized as an essential component of multidisciplinary strategies for effective obesity management. However, there is limited research on nurses' knowledge and involvement in utilizing physiotherapy for obesity care. This study aimed to evaluate registered nurses’ understanding of physiotherapy in managing obesity and to identify barriers to its implementation within healthcare settings in Saudi Arabia. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted involving 385 registered nurses through an online self-administered questionnaire. The findings revealed that 80.5% of participants correctly identified BMI classifications for obesity, and 65.2% acknowledged physiotherapy as an effective strategy for weight management. Although 72.7% expressed positive attitudes toward physiotherapy, only 38.7% consistently referred obese patients to physiotherapy services. The primary barriers identified were lack of resources (54.5%), time constraints (46.8%), and insufficient knowledge (39.0%). This study is among the first to explore nurses’ perspectives on physiotherapy for obesity within the Saudi healthcare context. The results highlight the importance of implementing targeted educational programs and systemic support to enhance nurses’ competencies, promote effective referral practices, and improve collaborative care for better obesity management outcomes.
Highlight:
Nurses show high awareness of obesity risks but low referral rates to physiotherapy.
Key barriers include limited resources, time constraints, and insufficient training.
Emphasizes the need for targeted education to enhance interdisciplinary care.
Keyword: Obesity, Overweight,, Physiotherapy, Barriers, Training and education
 
Low Cost Travel Packages Drive Domestic Tourism Growth in Uzbekistan
No full textBackground: Domestic tourism is increasingly recognized as a vital contributor to national economies, particularly in developing countries like Uzbekistan. Specific Background: Despite policy initiatives promoting internal travel, limited data exists on how affordable travel options shape domestic tourism behavior. Knowledge Gap: Little is known about the perceived accessibility and value of low-cost travel packages among Uzbekistani residents. Aims: This study aims to evaluate perceptions of low-cost travel packages and identify key factors associated with their appeal to domestic tourists. Results: Based on a mixed-methods approach involving 37 online survey respondents and statistical analysis using SPSS, the study finds that perceptions of value-for-money are significantly shaped by travel frequency and the quality of customer service. Novelty: The research uniquely combines quantitative and qualitative evidence to illuminate how localized, budget-friendly travel options influence domestic tourism patterns in a Central Asian context. Implications: The findings suggest that to stimulate domestic tourism growth, stakeholders should prioritize promotional strategies, raise public awareness, and develop tailored, affordable travel packages for local residents. While the study's small sample limits generalizability, it provides a foundational basis for future research involving broader populations to validate and expand upon these insights.
Highlights:
Value perception is shaped by travel frequency and service quality.
Custom low-cost packages can boost local tourism participation.
Small sample limits generalizability; broader studies are needed.
Keywords : Domestic Tourism, Uzbekistan, Customer Satisfaction, Travel Packages, Statistical Analysis
 
Equitable Law Enforcement for Traffic Offenses : Penegakan Hukum Yang Berkeadilan Terhadap Pelanggaran Lalu Lintas
No full textBackground: Traffic violations are a problem that continues to occur and has an impact on public safety. Specific Background: In Serdang Bedagai Regency, traffic law enforcement efforts still face various challenges, despite having a strong legal basis. Knowledge Gap: However, studies that specifically review the process of equitable law enforcement and the obstacles faced by officials in this area are still limited. Aim: This study aims to analyze the rule of law, the implementation of the enforcement process, and the obstacles faced by traffic law enforcement in Serdang Bedagai Regency. Results: The results show that law enforcement refers to Law No. 22 of 2009 concerning Road Traffic and Transportation, with legal settlement through the Sei Rampah District Court Decision which sentenced violators to two years imprisonment. However, weak enforcement of violations such as not wearing helmets or seat belts is a major obstacle. Novelty: This study provides an empirical picture of the relationship between legal provisions, judicial processes, and the reality of traffic law implementation in the region. Implications: The findings provide a basis for policy makers and police officers to strengthen consistent and equitable traffic law enforcement at the local level.
Highlights:
Highlights the legal basis and judicial process in traffic law enforcement.
Identifies practical enforcement gaps in the field.
Emphasizes the need for consistent and fair application of traffic laws.
Keywords: Law Enforcement, Justice, Traffic Violation, Legal Process
 
Method Of Using A Rheological Model In Studying The Process Of Compensation Of Subgrade Soils With A Vibrating Roller
No full textGeneral Background: Effective soil compaction is fundamental to the stability and durability of road infrastructure, requiring accurate modeling of soil–machine interaction. Specific Background: Rheological models have become essential tools for describing elastic, viscous, and plastic behaviors that emerge when vibrating rollers interact with diverse soils, including saline subgrade materials. Knowledge Gap: Existing studies have not fully integrated multi-zone rheological behavior into a unified analytical model capable of characterizing deformation dynamics under real vibration loading. Aims: This study aims to develop an improved multi-mass rheological model that captures the elastic, viscous, and plastic responses of soils during roller compaction and to derive analytical expressions for predicting deformation characteristics. Results: The research presents a three-mass rheological system incorporating Hooke, Newton, and Saint-Venant elements, derives coupled differential equations for soil–roller interaction, and proposes closed-form static and dynamic solutions for displacement and vibration response. The model predicts system stability, resonance susceptibility, damping behavior, and deformation under varying excitation frequencies. Novelty: The study integrates soil layer properties into a multi-zone rheological framework, offering a more comprehensive representation of compaction mechanics than prior single-zone or simplified models. Implications: The findings provide a scientific basis for optimizing roller parameters, preventing resonance, improving compaction uniformity, and enhancing predictive simulations in road construction engineering.Highlight :
The study explains how rheological models represent elastic, viscous, and plastic behavior during roller–soil interaction for more accurate compaction analysis.
Various models—Hooke, Newton, Maxwell, Kelvin, and Bingham—are applied to describe soil deformation under dynamic loading.
A three-mass rheological system is developed to predict vibration stability, resonance risk, and soil response during compaction.
Keywords : Roadbed, Roller, Rheological Model, Elastic State, Saline Soi