E-Journal UMSIDA (Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo)
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Structured Training and Labor Productivity in Small Businesses in Uzbekistan
No full textGeneral Background: Small businesses are fundamental to economic development, particularly in emerging economies, due to their capacity for job creation and innovation. Specific Background: In Uzbekistan, government reforms have increasingly prioritized SME development through policies promoting entrepreneurship and labor enhancement. Knowledge Gap: Despite their significance, limited research explores how labor potential—defined by productivity, training, and retention—affects small business growth in this context. Aims: This study investigates the relationship between labor potential and economic performance in small businesses, focusing on workforce development strategies and the impact of national policy measures. Results: Quantitative and qualitative data from 200 SMEs and 40 interviews revealed a strong correlation (ρ = 0.82) between structured training and revenue growth, while low turnover was linked to higher efficiency. Government-supported initiatives, such as the “One Million Entrepreneurs” program, significantly enhanced labor outcomes. Novelty: The research uniquely integrates firm-level data with an analysis of policy frameworks in Uzbekistan, offering sector-specific insights and documenting tangible returns on labor investment. Implications: Findings underscore the necessity of public-private collaboration in strengthening SME labor potential, providing a replicable model for workforce-driven growth in other developing countries.HIghlight :
Training Boosts Growth: Structured employee training is linked to 30% higher productivity and 15% revenue growth.
Turnover Hurts Performance: Businesses with low employee turnover saw 20% more revenue growth.
Policy Support Matters: Uzbekistan's government-backed training and tax incentives significantly improved SME productivity.
Keywords : Small Businesses, Labor Potential, Productivity, Training Programs, Uzbekistan
 
Implementing IoT-Based Smart Garden System at SMP Al Izhar: Menerapkan Sistem Taman Pintar Berbasis IoT di SMP Al Izhar
No full textGeneral Background: The integration of Internet of Things (IoT) technology in agriculture presents new opportunities for sustainable practices and hands-on education. Specific Background: However, its implementation in junior high school curricula, particularly as a practical environmental learning tool, remains limited. Knowledge Gap: Most schools lack access to real-world IoT-based applications that foster student engagement with digital literacy and environmental awareness simultaneously. Aims: This study aimed to design and implement an IoT-based Smart Garden system for automatic irrigation and lighting at SMP Al Izhar Pondok Labu, while evaluating its educational and technological impacts. Results: The program involved 50 participants who built functional Smart Garden prototypes using sensors and microcontrollers, resulting in significant gains in STEM motivation (+1.1), understanding of IoT (+1.2), and its application in agriculture (+1.2). Novelty: The innovation lies in integrating project-based learning with low-cost IoT hardware to create a replicable educational model that combines STEM skills, environmental education, and digital literacy. Implications: The success of this initiative highlights the potential of IoT-enhanced environmental projects to enrich school-based learning, strengthen 21st-century competencies, and inspire broader adoption of smart, sustainable practices in education.Highlight :
The program introduced IoT-based Smart Garden systems to junior high school students through hands-on workshops, fostering practical STEM skills.
Students showed a 25% increase in understanding and motivation, based on pre- and post-test assessments, highlighting educational impact.
The initiative provides a replicable model for integrating environmental and digital literacy in school curricula, promoting sustainability.
Keywords : Automatic Irrigation, Environmental Sustainability, Internet of Things (IoT), Smart Garden, STEM Education
 
Domestic Investment as Key Driver of Employment in Jabodetabek: Investasi Domestik sebagai Pendorong Utama Penyerapan Tenaga Kerja di Jabodetabek
No full textGeneral Background: Urban agglomerations like Greater Jakarta face complex labor market challenges amidst rapid economic growth and demographic shifts. Specific Background: The region’s employment dynamics are shaped by policy instruments such as minimum wage regulations, domestic investment, and the proliferation of micro and small industries. Knowledge Gap: Prior research has rarely examined the simultaneous influence of these three variables within a unified analytical model specific to the Jabodetabek context. Aims: This study aims to analyze the effects of minimum wage, domestic investment, and the number of micro and small industries on labor absorption in the Greater Jakarta area from 2017 to 2023. Results: Using a panel data regression with the Fixed Effect Model (FEM), the findings reveal that only domestic investment significantly and positively affects labor absorption, while minimum wage and the number of micro and small industries do not show significant impacts. Novelty: The study offers a novel integrated model that captures the joint influence of three key economic variables across nine metropolitan areas. Implications: The results underscore the need for policy focus on stimulating domestic investment and enhancing the capacity of small enterprises to sustainably address urban employment challenges.Highlight :
Only domestic investment has a statistically significant and positive influence on labor absorption in the Greater Jakarta (Jabodetabek) area.
Minimum wage and micro-small industries do not significantly affect labor absorption, highlighting structural limitations in informal sectors.
Policy recommendations emphasize boosting domestic investment and improving the quality and innovation of micro-small enterprises.
Keywords : Labor Absorption, Minimum Wage, Domestic Investment, Micro and Small Industries, Jabodetabek
 
Gene Expression Analysis of miRNA-21 and miRNA-98 in Hepatic Fibrosis: Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Relevance
No full textGeneral Background: Liver fibrosis, a precursor to cirrhosis, arises from chronic liver injury due to factors such as hepatitis infection, alcohol intake, obesity, and smoking. Specific Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs), especially miR-21 and miR-98, are increasingly recognized for their regulatory roles in hepatic fibrogenesis. Knowledge Gap: Despite evidence of miRNA involvement in liver fibrosis, data on their gene expression patterns in specific populations, such as Iraqi patients, remain limited. Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the differential expression of miRNA-21 and miRNA-98 in liver fibrosis patients compared to healthy controls, and their correlation with clinical variables, particularly hepatitis B and C infections. Results: In a case-control design with 88 patients and 88 controls, RT-PCR analysis showed upregulation of miRNA-21 (1.15 vs. 0.32) and downregulation of miRNA-98 (1.67 vs. 6.33) in patients (P < 0.05). miRNA expression was higher in HBV patients and in females. Novelty: This is the first study in Iraq to reveal the opposing expression profiles of miRNA-21 and miRNA-98 in liver fibrosis, suggesting sex-specific and viral infection-related modulation. Implications: These findings highlight the potential of miRNA-21 and miRNA-98 as biomarkers for fibrosis severity and targets for therapeutic intervention, particularly in HBV-associated liver disease.Highlight :
miRNA-21 is upregulated in liver fibrosis patients, especially with HBV, suggesting a potential role in fibrogenesis.
miRNA-98 is downregulated in liver fibrosis, indicating a protective or regulatory function in fibrosis progression.
Gender and virus type influence miRNA expression—females and HBV patients show higher gene expression levels.
Keywords: miRNA 21, miRNA 98, RT- PCR, Gene expression, Liver fibrosi
Survey, Question, Read, Recite, Review (SQ3R) Method Improves Reading Comprehension of Descriptive Texts for Tenth Grade Students: Metode Survey, Question, Read, Recite, Review (SQ3R) Meningkatkan Pemahaman Membaca Teks Deskriptif untuk Siswa Kelas Sepuluh
No full textBackground (General & Specific): Reading is an important skill in English learning that is often challenging for students, especially in understanding descriptive texts. Knowledge Gap: However, the effectiveness of learning strategies such as the SQ3R method in the context of secondary school students' reading comprehension remains under-researched empirically. Aim: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of SQ3R (Survey, Question, Read, Recite, Review) method in improving reading comprehension of grade X students at SMA Negeri 1 Pajar Bulan. Methods & Results: Using a quasi-experimental design, two groups of students were compared: an experimental group that received instruction with the SQ3R method and a control group with the conventional method. Results showed a significant increase in the experimental group's reading comprehension score (mean 67.13) over the control group (mean 44.55), based on paired and independent t-tests. Novelty: This study shows that SQ3R effectively strengthens students' ability to summarize text content, find specific information, and understand vocabulary. Implications: The findings indicate that the integration of SQ3R strategy in reading instruction can be an effective pedagogical approach to improve students' reading comprehension in an active and structured manner.Highlights:
Enhances critical reading through structured stages (Survey to Review).
Demonstrates significant improvement in students' test scores.
Supports vocabulary and detail identification in descriptive texts.
Keywords: SQ3R Method, Reading Comprehension, Descriptive Text, English Education, Experimental Study
 
Serological Patterns of TORCH Infections in Early Pregnancy: Pola Serologis Infeksi TORCH pada Awal Kehamilan
Get PDFGeneral Background: TORCH infections—comprising Toxoplasma gondii, Rubella virus, Cytomegalovirus (CMV), and Herpes simplex virus (HSV)—pose severe risks to fetal health if acquired during pregnancy, particularly in the first trimester. Specific Background: In Iraq, and specifically Najaf, epidemiological data on TORCH prevalence among pregnant women remains scarce, despite the known perinatal risks. Knowledge Gap: The absence of localized seroprevalence data and gestational-age-based immunological profiles limits the development of targeted maternal-fetal health strategies. Aim: This study aimed to assess TORCH infection rates, identify immunoglobulin patterns (IgM and IgG), and compare seropositivity across pregnancy trimesters in Najaf. Results: Among 100 participants, 62% tested positive for TORCH infections, with 58.1% of those in the first trimester showing acute infections, mainly due to T. gondii and HSV. Later trimesters showed chronic infections dominated by CMV and Rubella, evidenced by IgG presence. Novelty: This is the first study in Najaf to report trimester-specific TORCH immunological dynamics, revealing a distinct shift from acute to chronic infection profiles. Implications: These findings highlight the necessity for early TORCH screening and ongoing antenatal surveillance in Iraq to minimize congenital complications and inform public health interventions.Highlight :
Early Detection Critical – Most acute infections (58.1%) occur in the first trimester, requiring urgent screening and intervention.
Pathogen Pattern Shifts – Toxoplasma and HSV dominate early infections, while CMV and Rubella persist chronically later.
Public Health Need – Routine TORCH testing and hygiene education must be integrated into antenatal care programs.
Keywords : TORCH Infections, Toxoplasma Gondii, Cytomegalovirus, Rubella Virus, Antenatal Screening
 
Structured Farmer Empowerment Through Village Governance Reforms: Pemberdayaan Petani yang Terstruktur Melalui Reformasi Tata Kelola Desa
No full textGeneral Background: Farmer empowerment is a key strategy for enhancing rural economic welfare, with village governments serving as primary facilitators of development based on local potential. Specific Background: Loa Pari Village, Kutai Kartanegara Regency, possesses significant agricultural potential; however, farmers’ productivity remains hindered by limited facilities, low participation, and restricted access to information. Knowledge Gap: Research on the role of the Loa Pari Village Government in farmer empowerment is limited, particularly regarding mechanisms, effectiveness, and the challenges encountered. Aims: This study aims to analyze the role of the village government in implementing farmer empowerment programs and to identify supporting and inhibiting factors. Results: Findings indicate that the village government plays an important role in providing facilities, forming farmer groups, and collaborating with external institutions, but implementation remains unstructured due to the absence of standard operating procedures (SOPs), budget limitations, and low farmer participation. Novelty: This study highlights the need for measurable and sustainable support systems for village-based farmer empowerment, emphasizing the importance of SOPs, institutional strengthening, and youth engagement. Implications: The results can serve as a reference for village governments and policymakers to design systematic, participatory, and locally adaptive empowerment models.
Highlights:
Lack of SOPs hampers structured program implementation.
Limited budget and low farmer participation remain key barriers.
Collaboration with external agencies supports farmer capacity building.
Keywords: Farmer Empowerment, Village Government, Agricultural Development, Institutional Strengthening, Rural Participation
 
Mergers Trigger Significant Shifts in Company Stock Performance
No full textGeneral Background: Mergers are strategic business activities aimed at enhancing competitiveness, operational efficiency, and shareholder value through the consolidation of two companies. Specific Background: In the Indonesian capital market, corporate mergers among publicly listed firms are becoming increasingly relevant as investors seek signals that predict future financial performance. Knowledge Gap: Despite numerous merger activities, empirical evidence on the financial impact of mergers in Indonesia remains limited and inconclusive. Aims: This study investigates the financial performance of eight public companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange following mergers, to determine if significant changes occur. Results: Using a quantitative approach with purposive sampling and secondary data from IDX, IDN Financial, and Investing websites, financial ratios before and after the merger were compared through a T-test. The analysis revealed statistically significant differences in all observed financial ratios post-merger.Novelty: The study offers contextual evidence on how mergers in emerging markets like Indonesia can reshape financial performance, supporting investment decisions based on merger outcomes. Implications: These findings contribute to a better understanding for market investors, indicating that mergers may serve as reliable indicators for potential profitability and improved financial health in the post-merger period.
Highlights:
Mergers significantly affect company financial ratios.
T-test reveals post-merger performance shifts.
Results guide investors in stock decision-making.
Keywords: Merger Impact, Financial Performance, Indonesia Stock Exchange, Quantitative Analysis, Investor Strategy
 
Modeling Torsional Oscillations in Cylindrical Layers with Viscous Fluid: Memodelkan Osilasi Puntir pada Lapisan Silinder dengan Fluida Kental
No full textGeneral background: Torsional oscillations in cylindrical elastic structures filled with viscous fluids are critical in engineering applications such as pipelines, viscoelastic dampers, and rotating machinery. Specific background: Prior studies have focused on uniform-thickness cylinders and compressible fluids, often neglecting realistic variations in layer geometry and their dynamic implications. Knowledge gap: The effect of spatially variable thickness in cylindrical shells on torsional vibration behavior with an enclosed incompressible viscous fluid remains underexplored. Aims: This study aims to mathematically model and analyze torsional oscillations in an elastic cylindrical layer of increasing thickness filled with a viscous incompressible fluid. Results: By employing modified Bessel functions and scalar-vector potentials in cylindrical coordinates, the study reveals that increased wall thickness significantly reduces the system’s natural torsional frequencies. Novelty: The research introduces a coupled solid-fluid framework that integrates radial and axial thickness variations and simplifies high-order equations into engineering-relevant forms using zero and first harmonic approximations. Implications: These findings offer valuable insights into the dynamic behavior of fluid-filled cylindrical systems and support the development of more resilient, vibration-controlled mechanical structures in aerospace, marine, and industrial designs.Highlight :
Layer Thickness Effect: Increasing the thickness of the cylindrical shell significantly lowers the natural torsional frequency.
Mathematical Modeling: The system is modeled using modified Bessel functions and scalar/vector potentials under cylindrical coordinates.
Engineering Relevance: The results help in designing stable and vibration-resistant systems like dampers, pipelines, and aerospace structures.
Keywords : Torsional, Oscillations, Cylindrical, Viscous, Flui
Modern Approaches to Teaching in Medical Universities: Pendekatan Modern dalam Pengajaran di Universitas Kedokteran
No full textGeneral Background: In modern medical education, traditional didactic methods are no longer sufficient to meet the dynamic demands of clinical practice. Specific Background: Uzbekistan’s medical universities are undergoing pedagogical reforms to emphasize creativity, integrative learning, and student-centered approaches. Knowledge Gap: Despite theoretical discourse on creative pedagogy, empirical frameworks integrating creativity into medical training in post-Soviet contexts remain underdeveloped. Aims: This study investigates how integrative-creative pedagogical methods influence the professional and cognitive development of medical students. Results: The findings reveal that integrating motivational, cognitive, and reflective components through clinical simulations and creative tasks enhances students’ independent thinking, problem-solving abilities, and professional identity. Novelty: The research codifies a model of integrative-creative pedagogy, highlighting student motivation, teacher improvisation, and reflective learning as essential components in fostering creative readiness. Implications: These insights contribute to educational reforms, suggesting that embedding creativity systematically into curricula cultivates more innovative, adaptable, and competent medical professionals ready to meet contemporary healthcare challenges.Highlight :
Integrative-creative pedagogy boosts both professional and personal competencies in medical students.
Motivation, reflection, and intuition are key components of creative readiness.
The study proposes a model to systematically embed creativity into medical curricula.
Keywords : Creative Thinking, Integrative Learning, Medical Education, Professional Readiness, Pedagogical