E-Journal UMSIDA (Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo)
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A Normative Analysis of the Regulation of Termination of Employment For Fixed-Term Employment Agreements Workers Following the Job Creation Law: Kajian Normatif Pengaturan Pemutusan Hubungan Kerja Pekerja Perjanjian Kerja Waktu Tertentu Pasca Undang-Undang Cipta Kerja
No full textGeneral Background: The regulation of termination of employment for workers under Fixed-Term Employment Agreements (PKWT) has gained urgency following recent reforms in Indonesia’s labor market. Specific Background: The Job Creation Law and Government Regulation No. 35/2021 introduced new standards intended to enhance flexibility while reshaping the protection framework for contract workers. Knowledge Gap: Despite these reforms, inconsistencies in interpretation, weak enforcement, and uneven implementation continue to create legal uncertainty, particularly in cases of unilateral termination and compensation. Aims: This study conducts a normative juridical analysis to assess the alignment of PKWT termination regulations with core principles of national labor law. Results: The findings indicate that although the new regulations clarify compensation entitlements, they do not fully guarantee fairness or legal certainty due to limited worker awareness, regulatory overlap, and ineffective supervisory mechanisms. Novelty: This research offers an integrated assessment that connects statutory reform, judicial practice, and labor protection principles, exposing gaps between legal norms and practical application. Implications: Enhanced harmonization, stronger supervisory systems, and clearer technical regulations are necessary to achieve balanced labor flexibility and social justice within Indonesia’s evolving industrial relations framework.
Highlights:
Highlights legal changes to PKWT termination and compensation after the Job Creation Law.
Reveals gaps between normative protection and practical implementation in the field.
Emphasizes the need for harmonized regulations and stronger labor supervision.
Keywords: Fixed-term Employment Agreements, Termination of Employment, Job Creation Law, Worker Protection, Labor Law Refor
The Urgency of Regulating Provisions That Cannot Be Changed in Amendments to the Indonesian Constitution: Urgensi Pengaturan Ketentuan Tidak Boleh Diubah Dalam Amandemen Konstitusi Indonesia
No full textGeneral Background: Since the Reform Era, Indonesia has undergone extensive political and constitutional transformation that renewed demands to reorganize national governance through amendments to the 1945 Constitution. Specific Background: The re-emergence of constitutional amendment discourse after 27 years of Reform raises concerns about unstructured changes that may weaken constitutional authority and threaten national integrity. Knowledge Gap: Indonesia has not yet established explicit constitutional provisions identifying which foundational norms must remain unamendable. Aims: This study aims to formulate a normative framework for determining non-amendable constitutional provisions to ensure orderly amendments and preserve constitutional stability. Results: The findings show that the MPR must adopt fundamental agreements protecting the following from amendment: the Preamble, the state ideology, the goals of the state, the form of the state, the separation of powers under checks and balances, human rights guarantees, and procedures for constitutional amendment in emergencies. Comparative analysis shows that many countries, including Germany, France, Portugal, Spain, and Turkey, maintain similar immutable clauses. Novelty: This study offers a comprehensive normative construction of unamendable provisions within Indonesia’s constitutional framework. Implications: Explicitly regulating immutable constitutional clauses is essential to safeguard constitutional supremacy and prevent national disintegration.
Highlights:
Identifies core constitutional elements that must remain unamendable to preserve state integrity.
Highlights the need for structured and principled constitutional amendment procedures.
Shows that Indonesia aligns with global constitutional practices protecting foundational norms.
Keywords: Constitutional Amendment, Unamendable Provisions, Constitutional Stability, Indonesia, Constitutional La
Prevalence Pattern of Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase Producing Escherichia coli in Beef in Traditional Markets: Pola Prevalensi Escherichia coli Penghasil Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase pada Daging Sapi di Pasar Tradisional
No full textBackground: Antimicrobial resistance represents a growing global health concern, with foodborne bacteria acting as important reservoirs in the transmission pathway. Specific background: Escherichia coli capable of producing Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase has been frequently detected in animal-derived foods, particularly beef sold in traditional markets where sanitation practices are often inadequate. Knowledge gap: Despite numerous studies on livestock and slaughterhouses, evidence describing the prevalence pattern of Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase producing Escherichia coli in beef at the traditional market level remains limited, especially in Surabaya. Aims: This study aimed to describe the prevalence pattern of Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase producing Escherichia coli in beef sold in traditional markets. Results: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on fifty beef samples collected from multiple vendors. Identification using MacConkey agar and confirmation with the Double Disk Synergy Test showed that 29 samples (58%) were positive for Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase producing Escherichia coli, with variation across vendors. Novelty: This study provides direct phenotypic confirmation of Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase producing Escherichia coli in beef from traditional market settings. Implications: The findings emphasize the need for routine microbiological monitoring and improved hygiene practices in traditional meat distribution to support food safety and public health protection.
Highlights
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase producing Escherichia coli detected in more than half of beef samples
Prevalence pattern varied among traditional market vendors
Traditional market meat handling presents substantial food safety challenges
Keywords
Beef, Escherichia Coli, Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase, Traditional Markets, Antimicrobial Resistanc
Job Analysis Outcomes Using the Design a Curriculum Method
No full textGeneral Background: Human resource management increasingly depends on accurate job analysis to ensure the optimal allocation of duties, qualifications, and organizational structures. Specific Background: The DACUM (Design a Curriculum) methodology has gained prominence as a competency-based approach that systematically identifies duties and tasks directly from job holders, allowing alignment between actual job content and institutional expectations. Knowledge Gap: Despite its advantages, limited empirical evidence exists on the effectiveness of DACUM for academic administrative roles in Middle Eastern higher education, particularly regarding its capacity to reduce discrepancies between job descriptions and real job practices. Aims: This study investigates the degree of DACUM application among department heads at the University of Babylon and examines its role in improving job analysis, job descriptions, and organizational clarity. Results: Quantitative analysis of 25 valid questionnaires revealed high response intensities across DACUM components, with an overall mean score of 3.69, indicating strong perceived relevance. Several items achieved response strengths exceeding 90%, demonstrating broad agreement that DACUM enhances alignment between duties, competencies, and administrative needs. Novelty: The study provides empirical validation of DACUM within an academic administrative context, offering a structured model that integrates theory, practice, and local organizational requirements. Implications: Findings highlight the value of adopting DACUM to reduce role ambiguity, refine training needs, improve performance evaluation systems, and strengthen the linkage between organizational structures and labor-market expectations within higher education institutions.Highlight :
DACUM clarifies duties, responsibilities, and competencies for more accurate job analysis.
Employees serve as the primary source for describing actual job content.
DACUM aligns job analysis with training needs in a relevant way.
Keywords : DACUM Mechanism, Job Analysis, Heads of Scientific Departments, Organizational Structure, Training Program
Integration of Psychology and Islamic Education in Internalizing Exemplary Values through Historical Figures of Islam
No full textGeneral Background: Islamic education aspires to develop learners’ character alongside knowledge through the internalization of divine values. Specific Background: In History of Islamic Culture learning, Islamic historical figures are often taught as biographical content and chronology rather than as lived moral exemplars, contributing to a gap between cognitive knowledge and noble conduct. Knowledge Gap: A conceptual framework is needed that unites educational psychology with Islamic educational concepts to explain both the learning mechanisms and the spiritual orientation of exemplary learning. Aims: This article formulates an integrative conceptual model between psychology and Islamic education to support exemplary value internalization through Islamic historical figures. Results: Using library research and descriptive-analytical synthesis, the study proposes a three-stage framework: a cognitive stage combining information processing theory with tadabbur for deep understanding; an affective stage aligning humanistic empathy with tazkiyatun nafs to build emotional attachment; and a conative/behavioral stage integrating shaping and reinforcement with ittibaʾ to realize values in concrete actions. Novelty: The framework synthesizes psychological stages of learning with Islamic spiritual concepts into a holistic pathway that shifts Islamic Cultural History from knowledge transfer to value-oriented character formation. Implications: The model calls for teachers as facilitators and living role models, participative-reflective methods, and authentic, holistic assessment of learners’ value-oriented behavior.
Highlights:
A triadic pathway connects information processing with tadabbur to deepen understanding of historical narratives.
Empathic learning conditions are paired with tazkiyatun nafs to cultivate emotional attachment and reflective practice.
Shaping and reinforcement are linked with ittibaʾ to translate moral lessons into sustained daily actions and authentic assessment.
Keywords: Value Internalization, Role Modeling, Educational Psychology, Islamic Education, Islamic Cultural Histor
Transitional Legal Protection through Physical Possession and Civil Remedies for Unregistered Girik Land in Indonesia: Perlindungan Hukum Transisional melalui Penguasaan Fisik dan Upaya Perdata terhadap Tanah Girik yang Belum Terdaftar di Indonesia
No full textGeneral Background Land remains a fundamental economic and social asset, and legal certainty in land administration is central to rights protection. Specific Background Girik is still widely used in Jakarta, Banten, and West Java as evidence of historical control over former customary land, yet its legal position has weakened after Government Regulation No. 18 of 2021 on land registration, with a recognition deadline of 2 February 2026. Knowledge Gap The available transitional legal safeguards and practical obstacles for girik holders whose parcels remain outside the national land administration system require clearer articulation. Aims This study examines the forms and mechanisms of legal protection for unregistered girik holders and identifies the main barriers they face. Results Using a normative juridical approach, the study finds that safeguards remain available through recognition of physical control, access to civil litigation provided no good-faith protected certificate exists, and the state obligation to systematically organize land registration; however, low public awareness, BPHTB cost burdens, limited historical documentation, and institutional capacity constraints hinder optimal legal certainty. Novelty The study consolidates a transitional protection framework that links physical possession recognition and civil remedies to the post-deadline evidentiary shift under PP 18/2021. Implications The study recommends accelerating PTSL, subsidizing registration fees, harmonizing BPHTB regulations, and digitizing legacy evidence to support an inclusive transition to formal land titles.
Highlights:
Historical tax-based documentation becomes limited to evidence of physical control after 2 February 2026.
Civil claims remain available unless a good-faith certificate is legally protected.
PTSL acceleration, fee subsidies, BPHTB harmonization, and legacy-evidence digitization are proposed to advance legal certainty.
Keywords: Girik Land, Legal Protection, Legal Certaint
Tourism Destination Evaluation in Uzbekistan: Assessing Key Regions through the Lens of Competitiveness and Lifecycle Stages
No full textGeneral Background: Tourism has become a strategic sector for Uzbekistan’s economic diversification, driven by its rich cultural heritage and increasing international visibility. Specific Background: Major destinations such as Tashkent, Samarkand, Bukhara, and Khiva exhibit differing performance levels that require systematic evaluation using established tourism frameworks. Knowledge Gap: Existing studies largely rely on descriptive approaches and rarely integrate quantitative destination competitiveness indicators with tourism lifecycle analysis at the regional level. Aims: This study quantitatively assesses the competitiveness and lifecycle stages of key Uzbek destinations by integrating the Tourism Area Life Cycle (TALC) model with the Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Index (TTCI). Results: Findings indicate that Tashkent and Samarkand demonstrate higher arrivals, ADR, RevPAR, and occupancy rates, positioning them in the consolidation stage, whereas Bukhara and Khiva show lower economic performance and characteristics of maturity, with challenges in attracting high-spending international tourists. Novelty: The study provides one of the first empirical, region-specific analyses in Uzbekistan that simultaneously applies competitiveness and lifecycle frameworks using quantitative indicators. Implications: The results inform evidence-based destination management, highlighting the need for sustainability strategies in advanced destinations and targeted infrastructure, marketing, and product diversification to rejuvenate mature cities and strengthen Uzbekistan’s long-term tourism competitiveness.Highlight :
Tashkent and Samarkand show the strongest competitiveness and are in the consolidation stage of the tourism life cycle.
Bukhara and Khiva perform at lower levels, indicating maturity-stage destinations needing regeneration.
Sustainability and cultural preservation are essential for long-term tourism competitiveness.
Keywords :Uzbekistan Tourism, Destination Competitiveness, Tourism Area Life Cycle, Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Index, Sustainable Touris
Surgical Management of Cleft Lip and Palate: A Multi-Center Survey of Causes, Complications, and Variations in Kerbala
No full textBackground: Cleft lip and palate represent common congenital anomalies with substantial regional variation in presentation and management outcomes. Specific Background: In Kerbala, Iraq, comprehensive data on cleft phenotype distribution, surgical practices, and postoperative complications remain limited despite the condition's prevalence of approximately 1 per 1000 live births. Knowledge Gap: Existing literature lacks detailed regional profiles characterizing phenotype patterns, perioperative protocols, and complication rates specific to this population. Aims: This retrospective chart review examined 55 patients across three Kerbala hospitals to document cleft phenotype distribution, laterality, surgical management approaches, and postoperative outcomes. Results: Cleft lip and palate constituted the predominant phenotype (69.1%), with male predominance (54.55%) and unilateral presentation (67.3%) most common. Primary repairs utilized absorbable sutures with brief hospitalization (81.81% discharged within 1-2 days). Alveolar bone grafting occurred in 34.7% of cases. Postoperative complications included fistula formation (12.7%), scarring (27.2%), and dehiscence (18%), requiring revision surgery in 12.7% of patients. Novelty: This study provides the first comprehensive regional profile of cleft management in Kerbala, establishing baseline metrics for phenotype distribution and surgical outcomes. Implications: Findings highlight the necessity for standardized outcome tracking, enhanced multidisciplinary care protocols, and targeted interventions addressing persistent complications to optimize functional and aesthetic results in this population.Highlight :
Cleft lip and palate predominated (69.1%) with unilateral clefts more common and male predominance observed.
Primary repair used absorbable sutures with 1-2 day hospital stays; bone grafting performed in 34.7% of cases at ages 7-12 years.
Main complications were fistula formation (12.7%) and scarring (27.2%), requiring multidisciplinary follow-up for optimal outcomes
Keywords : left Lip and Palate, Surgical Management, Postoperative Complications, Phenotype Distribution, Alveolar Bone Graftin
Advanced Foreign Practices in the Use of Transport Services for Regional Economic Development
No full textGeneral background: Transport systems serve as fundamental components in regional economic development, directly influencing interregional relations, production growth, and investment climate improvement. Specific background: Advanced countries employ digital logistics platforms, public-private partnerships, and green transport strategies to enhance economic efficiency, yet developing nations struggle to adapt these innovations systematically. Knowledge gap: Limited empirical analysis exists on how integrated transport service models—combining digitalization, PPP mechanisms, and sustainable policies—can be strategically applied to accelerate regional economic growth in emerging markets like Uzbekistan. Aims: This study examines foreign transport practices to identify effective organizational and economic mechanisms for regional development, analyzing reforms in aviation, motor transport, and digital service implementation. Results: Comparative analysis reveals that Germany's Smart Logistics increased efficiency by 25%, South Korea's PPP model reduced budget burdens by 30%, and China's Belt and Road Initiative expanded regional trade by 40%. Uzbekistan's freight volumes grew from 650 million tons (2020) to 703.6 million tons (2024), with service value rising from 75 to 108.4 trillion UZS. Novelty: The research provides integrated assessment of digital transformation, multimodal corridor development, and green mobility strategies specifically contextualized for transitional economies. Implications: Findings establish strategic directions for implementing intelligent transport systems, expanding PPP infrastructure, and strengthening regional integration to achieve sustainable economic growth.Highlight :
Digital transformation improves efficiency by 25% and reduces logistics costs through AI-based management and intelligent transport systems.
Public-private partnerships enable infrastructure financing with 1:1.7 investment multiplier effect while reducing state budget burden by 30%.
Multimodal integration drives regional trade growth by 40% and reduces carbon emissions by 12-14% through sustainable transport policies.
Keywords : Transport Infrastructure, Regional Development, Logistics Optimization, Public-Private Partnership, Sustainable Mobilit
Quantitative Characterization of Liver Safety in Surgical Diseases and Postoperative Course: Karakterisasi Kuantitatif Keamanan Hati pada Penyakit Bedah dan Perjalanan Pascaoperasi
No full textGeneral Background: Accurate assessment of liver functional reserve remains critical in surgical practice, as hepatic dysfunction substantially elevates postoperative morbidity and mortality risks. Specific Background: Conventional biochemical markers (ALT, AST, bilirubin) predominantly reflect cytolysis and cholestasis but fail to evaluate hepatocellular energetic status or regenerative capacity. Knowledge Gap: Current diagnostic approaches lack objective quantitative indicators that directly measure mitochondrial function and viable hepatocyte populations in surgical patients. Aims: This study evaluated a novel prognostic coefficient based on the ratio of cytochrome C to TMPD oxidase mitochondrial activities for quantifying liver parenchymal preservation in patients with hepatobiliary surgical diseases. Results: Analysis of 24 patients demonstrated strong inverse correlation between coefficient values and viable hepatocyte percentages. Coefficients of 2.5-3.5 units indicated favorable prognosis, 5-7 units signaled elevated complication risk, while values ≥8 units predicted unfavorable outcomes, irrespective of standard biochemical parameters. Novelty: Unlike traditional markers, this coefficient directly reflects mitochondrial respiratory chain integrity and hepatocellular viability through objective biochemical measurements. Implications: The proposed coefficient serves as an integrated quantitative marker of hepatic functional reserve, enabling improved surgical risk stratification and outcome prediction in hepatobiliary surgery.Highlight :
The cytochrome C to TMPD oxidase ratio correlates better with hepatocyte viability than standard biochemical markers in both experimental and clinical contexts.
Coefficient values predict postoperative outcomes: 2.5-3.5 units indicate favorable prognosis, 5-7 units suggest complications, and ≥8 units correlate with mortality.
Mitochondrial dysfunction demonstrates universal quantifiable patterns across different etiologies, showing consistent relationships between the coefficient and hepatocyte viability.
Keywords :Liver Functional Reserve, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Cytochrome C Oxidase, Hepatocyte Viability, Postoperative Prognosi