E-Journal UMSIDA (Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo)
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Evaluation of the Effect of Acrylamide and Furfural on Some Biochemical and Liver Histological Variables in Adult Male Albino Mice: Evaluasi Pengaruh Akrilamida dan Furfural terhadap Beberapa Variabel Biokimia dan Histologi Hati pada Tikus Albino Jantan Dewasa
No full textGeneral Background: The liver plays a critical role in metabolism and detoxification, processing substances such as acrylamide and furfural, which are commonly present in heat-processed foods. Specific Background: Acrylamide, formed during the cooking of starchy foods, is metabolized in the liver to glycidamide, a highly reactive compound. Furfural, found in various heat-processed foods, can also negatively impact liver health. Knowledge Gap: Limited research has investigated the comparative effects of acrylamide and furfural on liver function and histology. Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the biochemical and histological effects of acrylamide and furfural on liver function in adult male albino mice. Results: The results revealed significant alterations in lipid profiles, including increased HDL and VLDL levels, as well as histopathological damage such as hepatocyte hypertrophy, leukocyte infiltration, and necrosis. Elevated liver enzyme levels (ALT, AST, ALP) indicated compromised liver function. Novelty: This study provides novel insights into the comparative toxicity of acrylamide and furfural on liver tissue and function. Implications: The findings suggest that prolonged exposure to acrylamide and furfural may induce oxidative stress and liver disease. Further research is needed to explore protective interventions and inform regulatory policies regarding exposure limits to these compounds.
Highlights:
Hepatoprotective Effect: Astaxanthin reduces diazinon-induced liver damage in rats.
Dose-Dependent: 100 mg/kg astaxanthin shows strongest protective effects.
Mechanism: Reduces oxidative stress, inflammation, and liver enzyme levels.
Keywords : Acrylamide, liver tissues , Furfural, liver function
Leverage and Liquidity Drive Tax Avoidance in Manufacturing Companies: Leverage dan Likuiditas Mendorong Penghindaran Pajak di Perusahaan Manufaktur
No full textBackground: Tax avoidance remains a critical concern in fiscal policy, as taxpayers seek to minimize tax obligations through strategies that often comply with legal frameworks.Specific Background: Among these strategies, transfer pricing, capital intensity, leverage, and liquidity are frequently cited as potential determinants, though empirical findings remain mixed. Knowledge Gap: Prior research has yet to fully explore the moderating role of firm size in the relationship between these variables and tax avoidance.Aim: This study investigates the influence of transfer pricing, leverage, liquidity, and capital intensity on tax avoidance, with firm size as a moderating variable. Results: Findings reveal that leverage and liquidity significantly affect tax avoidance, while transfer pricing and capital intensity show no direct effect. Firm size moderates the effect of transfer pricing, liquidity, and capital intensity on tax avoidance, but not the effect of leverage. Novelty: The integration of firm size as a moderator offers new insights into the conditional impact of financial and operational factors on tax avoidance behavior. Implications: These results contribute to the literature by highlighting firm-specific characteristics in tax planning strategies and can inform regulatory policy to better address aggressive tax practices.
Highlights:
Examines key financial factors influencing corporate tax avoidance.
Identifies firm size as a moderating variable in specific relationships.
Offers empirical evidence to guide tax policy and future research.
Keywords: Transfer Pricing, Tax Avoidance, Firm Size, Leverage, Capital Intensit
Financial Literacy and Self-Efficacy Shape Student Money Management
No full textGeneral Background: Financial literacy and self-efficacy are widely recognized as pivotal competencies in ensuring sound financial behavior, particularly among university students navigating financial independence. Specific Background: However, there is limited empirical research examining these variables within the context of Islamic higher education institutions in Indonesia. Knowledge Gap: Prior studies have insufficiently explored the intersection of financial knowledge, psychological confidence, and practical financial behavior in this demographic. Aims: This study investigates the relationship between financial literacy, self-efficacy, and financial management behavior among students of the Faculty of Islamic Economics and Business (FEBI) at the State Islamic University of North Sumatra. Results: Utilizing a sample of 98 students selected via the Slovin formula from a population of 4,300, data was gathered through Likert-scale surveys and analyzed using SPSS version 25. Novelty: The research integrates multiple linear regression with classical assumption and hypothesis testing to yield a comprehensive analytical perspective. Implications: Findings reveal that both financial literacy and self-efficacy significantly enhance students’ capacity for responsible financial management. This underscores the need for integrative educational strategies that simultaneously address financial knowledge and confidence-building to foster healthier financial behaviors in Islamic academic contexts.
Highlights:
Reveals a strong link between financial knowledge and spending habits.
Highlights self-efficacy as a key driver of financial responsibility.
Uses SPSS and robust statistical methods for valid conclusions.
Keywords: Financial Literacy, Self-Efficacy, Financial Behavior, Islamic University, Student Finance 
School Quality Culture as a Means of Shaping Students' Morals: Budaya Mutu Sekolah sebagai Sarana Pembentukan Akhlak Peserta Didik
No full textGeneral Background: Education plays a vital role in shaping students’ morality, supported not only by curriculum but also by the school’s cultural environment. Specific Background: Amid declining educational quality and increased moral issues such as student absenteeism and disrespectful behavior, schools need systematic approaches to character development. Knowledge Gap: Existing studies often focus on religious teachers' roles, overlooking the collective effort of all school members through a structured quality culture. Aims: This study investigates the implementation of school quality culture in shaping student morality at SMP Negeri 1 Masaran. Results: Using a qualitative case study approach, the findings reveal that moral improvement is fostered through habitual programs such as the "10 Budaya Malu," leadership modeling, consistent policy implementation, and involvement of all school elements. Novelty: Unlike prior research focusing on individual roles, this study emphasizes a whole-school approach that integrates quality culture as a systemic strategy for moral education. Implications: The success of moral development in schools requires collaborative participation from school leaders, educators, staff, students, and the broader community to establish a sustainable, value-oriented school environment.Highlight :
Quality culture in schools shapes student character through consistent behavioral reinforcement.
The principal's leadership and teacher role modeling are crucial in moral development.
The "10 Budaya Malu" program fosters self-awareness and ethical behavior among students.
Keywords : Quality Culture, Morals, Character Education, School Environment, Educational Leadership
 
Policy Implementation Challenges in Addressing Child Sexual Violence
No full textGeneral Background: The well-being and development of children are foundational to a nation's future. Specific Background: In Indonesia, despite existing child protection laws, sexual violence against children remains a persistent issue, including in Malang City. Knowledge Gap: There is limited analysis of how local protective policies are implemented and what challenges hinder their effectiveness. Aims: This study aims to identify and evaluate the policy implementation of child sexual assault response in Malang, focusing on procedures, enabling factors, and obstacles. Results: The findings reveal that the UPT PPA operates under a supportive legal framework but faces barriers such as limited human resources, low public awareness, weak community engagement, and issues in case reporting consistency. Novelty: This study contributes a contextualized understanding of the operational challenges within a local child protection agency in Indonesia.Implications: The results highlight the need for targeted capacity building, improved reporting mechanisms, and broader community involvement to enhance the effectiveness of protective policies for children in Malang.
Highlights:
Highlights the gap between legal protection and practical implementation.
Identifies key barriers such as low awareness and limited resources.
Emphasizes the role of local agencies like UPT PPA in safeguarding children.
Keywords: Policy Implementation, Sexual Violence, Child Protectio
Performance and Determining Factors for the Success of the General Election Commission in the 2024 Elections: Kinerja dan Faktor Penentu Keberhasilan Komisi Pemilihan Umum pada Pemilu 2024
No full textGeneral Background: The performance of electoral management bodies, such as the Indonesian General Election Commission (KPU), is crucial for ensuring democratic and high-quality elections. However, challenges in task execution and inter-divisional coordination often affect effectiveness. Specific Background: In Tana Tidung Regency, North Kalimantan, the KPU faces increased workloads ahead of the 2024 simultaneous elections, while staffing and resources remain limited, potentially hindering smooth operations. Knowledge Gap: While studies on KPU performance exist, empirical research specifically examining factors influencing district-level KPU performance in simultaneous elections is scarce. Aims: This study analyzes the performance of KPU Tana Tidung in the 2024 elections, focusing on quality, quantity, responsibility, cooperation, and initiative, and identifying supporting and inhibiting factors. Results: Using Miles and Huberman’s interactive analysis model, findings show that quality was maintained through effective coordination, communication, and leadership, though some tasks were delayed due to disproportionate workloads. Divisional accountability, cross-division collaboration, and proactive staff initiatives supported performance, while constraints included limited human resources, varied educational backgrounds, voter data validation issues, and inadequate infrastructure. Novelty: This research uniquely identifies district-level KPU performance determinants in simultaneous elections, emphasizing inter-divisional synergy and human resource strengthening. Implications: The study highlights the need to increase staffing and capacity, strengthen coordination, and optimize staff initiative to improve future electoral effectiveness and efficiency.
Highlights:
Identifies district-level factors influencing KPU performance.
Emphasizes inter-divisional cooperation and staff initiative.
Recommends strengthening human resources and coordination.
Keywords: KPU Performance, Tana Tidung, 2024 Elections, Public Administration, Electoral Management
 
Relationships between addiction and the COMT rs4680 Gene Polymorphism: Hubungan antara kecanduan dan Polimorfisme Gen COMT rs4680
No full textGeneral background: Addiction to drugs and alcohol presents a severe public health burden worldwide, driven by complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors. Specific background: The catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene, particularly the rs4680 (Val158Met) polymorphism, is known to influence dopamine regulation in the prefrontal cortex, a key area in addiction pathology. Knowledge gap: However, there remains limited genetic data on this polymorphism's role in addiction susceptibility within the Iraqi population. Aims: This study aimed to investigate the association between COMT rs4680 genotypes and the risk of drug and alcohol addiction among Iraqi males. Results: Genotyping 90 male participants revealed a significantly higher frequency of the A allele and AA genotype among addicts, with the AA genotype increasing addiction risk up to 17-fold for alcohol and 14-fold for drug use. The GA genotype showed intermediate risk. Novelty: This is among the first studies to demonstrate a strong association between COMT rs4680 variants and addiction in the Iraqi population, highlighting allele-dose effects on susceptibility. Implications: These findings suggest that COMT polymorphism may serve as a potential biomarker for addiction vulnerability and provide a foundation for future genetic and pharmacological interventions in personalized addiction treatment.Highlight :
COMT rs4680 polymorphism showed a strong association with the risk of drug and alcohol addiction, especially in the A (Met) allele and AA genotype.
Individuals with the AA genotype had a 14-17 times greater risk of addiction than the control group.
The GA genotype showed an intermediate risk, particularly in alcohol addiction (OR = 5.4) although it was not significant for drugs.
Keywords : COMT, rs4680, Addiction, Val158Met, Dopamin
Optimizing Spare Part Delivery Routes Using Ant Colony Optimization: Optimasi Rute Pengiriman Suku Cadang Menggunakan Algoritma Koloni Semut
No full textGeneral Background: Efficient route planning is a fundamental aspect of logistics, directly impacting operational costs, fuel consumption, and customer satisfaction. Specific Background: A logistics company based in Batam has been facing inefficiencies in spare part delivery operations due to suboptimal routing strategies. Knowledge Gap: While various routing solutions exist, few are tailored to accommodate dynamic, real-world constraints such as vehicle capacity and varying delivery points in mid-scale logistics operations. Aim: This study aims to optimize delivery routes using the Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithm by modeling the problem as a Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) with specific operational constraints. Results: The implementation of ACO significantly reduced total travel distance compared to the company’s existing manual routing approach. As a result, fuel consumption was lowered, delivery times improved, and customer service enhanced. Novelty: Unlike generic routing systems, the proposed ACO-based model dynamically adapts to real operational variables through pheromone-based local and global updates, improving the solution iteratively with each cycle. Implications: This research provides a practical and intelligent decision-support framework for logistics planning, demonstrating that metaheuristic algorithms such as ACO can robustly handle complex delivery challenges and be scaled to broader logistics applications
Highlights:
Improves route efficiency using ACO in real delivery operations.
Reduces distance, fuel usage, and delivery time significantly.
Provides a scalable model for intelligent logistics planning.
Keywords: Ant Colony Optimization, Vehicle Routing Problem, Logistics Efficiency, Route Optimization, Metaheuristic Algorith
Media Framing of the ‘Barking Student’ Case in the National News of Kompas.com and Tempo.co: Framing Media atas Kasus 'Siswa Menggonggong' dalam Portal Berita Nasional Kompas.com dan Tempo.co
No full textGeneral Background: In the digital age, online media significantly shape public perception, particularly on social issues like bullying. Specific Background: The case of a high school student coerced into barking by a parent drew national attention, highlighting divergent media narratives. Knowledge Gap: Despite growing media coverage of bullying, limited research has examined how different news platforms frame the same incident. Aims: This study investigates how Kompas.com and Tempo.co framed the "barking student" case using Robert N. Entman’s framing model. Results: Kompas.com employed an empathetic frame emphasizing child protection and psychological impact, while Tempo.co adopted a legalistic frame spotlighting law enforcement and institutional response. Novelty: By comparing two prominent Indonesian media outlets, this study reveals how contrasting journalistic orientations construct divergent social realities from a single event. Implications: The findings underscore the media’s role in agenda setting and the ethical responsibility of news platforms in shaping public discourse on sensitive issues like bullying.Highlight :
The study highlights contrasting framing strategies used by Kompas.com (empathetic) and Tempo.co (legalistic) in reporting the same bullying case.
It applies Robert N. Entman’s framing model, showing how different media define problems, assign causes, make moral judgments, and suggest solutions.
The research underscores the power of media in shaping public perception and constructing different social realities from a single incident.
Keywords : Media Framing, Bullying, Kompas.com, Tempo.co, Entman Framing Theory
 
Study of The Frequency of Haemoglobinopathies at Premarital Health Screening In Basrah
No full textBackground: Hemoglobinopathies are increasingly recognized as a global public health concern, with β-thalassemia major and sickle cell disease posing significant health burdens, particularly in southern Iraq. Specific Background: In response, eight Middle Eastern countries, including Iraq, have implemented mandatory premarital screening and genetic counseling programs to mitigate the transmission of inherited blood disorders. Knowledge Gap: However, limited data exist regarding the prevalence and types of hemoglobinopathies detected through such screening in Basrah province. Aim: This study aimed to determine the frequency of hemoglobinopathies among individuals undergoing premarital screening in Basrah. Results: A retrospective cross-sectional analysis was conducted on 384 randomly selected participants screened between February and June 2018. Females comprised 53.7% and males 46.3% (mean age: 22.8 ± 7.78 years). The prevalence rates were: β-thalassemia trait (2%), sickle cell trait (1.8%), sickle cell anemia (0.2%), sickle-thalassemia (0.5%), Hb D (0.1%), and Hb C (0.2%). A statistically significant association was found between hemoglobinopathies and both consanguinity (33.7%) and positive family history. Novelty: This study provides region-specific epidemiological data on hemoglobinopathies identified through premarital screening. Implications: Findings underscore the need to strengthen genetic counseling and raise awareness about consanguinity-related risks to reduce hereditary blood disorders in the region.
Highlight:
Beta thalassemia trait was the most common disorder detected.
Consanguinity showed significant correlation with hemoglobinopathies.
Premarital screening is vital for early genetic risk detection.
Keywords: Premarital Screening, Premarital Counselling, Hemoglobinopathy, Thalassemia, Sickle Cell Anemia