Organization - Journal of Management, Informatics and Human Resources / Organizacija - Revija za management, informatiko in kadre (University of Maribor)
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Model dejavnikov managementa znanja in njihov vpliv na uspešnost organizacije
No full textPurpose: The purpose of this research is to identify the factors of knowledge which have a significant impact on the outcome (measured as value added per employee) of the company. The existence, long-term survival, profitability, etc. of the company depends on the competitiveness of the products and services (regardless of industry or economic branch). Transformation of “raw materials” into competitive products is possible only with the knowledge of employees. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the factors of knowledge which can influence a positive result of the company.
Methodology: We reviewed the relevant literature in the field of knowledge management. On this basis, we summarized the factors of knowledge. We performed a survey among the 69 largest Slovenian commercial companies (public and banking sectors excluded). Based on the research, we developed a regression model of value added per employee in euros.
Results: The study showed that, of all factors studied, motivation in the form of assessing employees' performance has the largest positive correlation with the value added per employee. Furthemore, training for the performance, the use of technological tools and organizational climate can bring significant value added per employee. The most important factor that affects the value added per employee is the industry branch which the company deals with. The factors which follow are the simplicity of using IT tools and the example that the managers give to the employees.
Conclusion: A model of knowledge management factors helps to identify which knowledge factors should be given priority to for increasing the company's performance. The model also considers the industry in which the company operates.Namen: Namen raziskave je identifikacija dejavnikov znanja, ki pomembno vplivajo na rezultat merjen v dodani vrednosti na zaposlenega. Dolgoročni obstoj podjetja, profitabilnost, itd. temelji na konkurenčnosti produktov ali storitve organizacije. Transformacija »surovih materialov« v konkurenčne produkte je mogoča samo z znanjem zaposlenih. Zato je pomembno, da identificiramo dejavnike znanja, ki imajo pozitivni vpliv na uspešnost organizacije.
Metoda: Proučili smo relevantno literaturo s področja upravljanja z znanjem. Na podlagi tega smo povzeli dejavnike znanja. Izvedli smo anketo med 69 največjimi slovenskimi gospodarskimi družbami (javni in bančni sektor sta bila izključena). Na podlagi raziskave smo razvili model dejavnikov znanja v povezavi z dodano vrednostjo na zaposlenega.
Rezultati: Raziskava je pokazala, da je motivacija z ocenjevanjem delovne uspešnosti zaposlenih izmed proučevanih dejavnikov v največji pozitivni korelaciji z dodano vrednostjo na zaposlenega v podjetju. Tudi usposabljanje za opravljanje, uporaba tehnoloških orodij in organizacijska klima pomembno doprinesejo k dodani vrednosti na zaposlenega. Najbolj pomemben razlikovalni dejavnik podjetij glede na dodano vrednost na zaposlenega je dejavnost s katero se podjetje ukvarja, naslednja po pomembnosti sta kako enostavna je uporaba informacijskih orodij ter kakšen zgled med zaposlenimi imajo vodje oziroma nadrejeni.
Zaključek: Model dejavnikov znanja pomaga identficirati tiste dejavnike znanja katerim bi morali posvetiti dodatno pozornost z namenom povečanja dodane vrednosti na zaposlenega. Model upošteva tudi dejavnost s katero se podjetje ukvarj
Pregled algoritmov za analizo slike za prepoznavanje registrske tablice
No full textBackground and purpose: We explore the problem of License Plate Recognition (LPR) to highlight a number of algorithms that can be used in image analysis problems. In management support systems using image object recognition, the intelligence resides in the statistical algorithms that can be used in various LPR steps. We describe a number of solutions, from the initial thresholding step to localization and recognition of image elements. The objective of this paper is to present a number of probabilistic approaches in LPR steps, then combine these approaches together in one system. Most LPR approaches used deterministic models that are sensitive to many uncontrolled issues like illumination, distance of vehicles from camera, processing noise etc. The essence of our approaches resides in the statistical algorithms that can accurately localize and recognize license plate.
Design/Methodology/Approach: We introduce simple and inexpensive methods to solve relatively important problems, using probabilistic approaches. In these approaches, we describe a number of statistical solutions, from the initial thresholding step to localization and recognition of image elements. In the localization step, we use frequency plate signals from the images which we analyze through the Discrete Fourier Transform. Also, a probabilistic model is adopted in the recognition of plate characters. Finally, we show how to combine results from bilingual license plates like Saudi Arabia plates.
Results: The algorithms provide the effectiveness for an ever-prevalent form of vehicles, building and properties management. The result shows the advantage of using the probabilistic approached in all LPR steps. The averaged classification rates when using local dataset reached 79.13%.
Conclusion: An improvement of recognition rate can be achieved when there are two source of information especially of license plates that have two independent texts.Ozadje in namen: V članku raziskujemo problem prepoznavanja registrskih tablic (LPR), in podamo pregled številnih algoritmov, ki jih lahko uporabimo pri problemih analize slik. V sistemih za podporo vodenju, ki uporabljajo za prepoznavanje slikovnih objektov, je inteligenca vgrajena v statistične algoritme, ki jih je mogoče uporabiti v različnih korakih razpoznavanja. Opisujemo več rešitev, od začetnega koraka do lokalizacije in prepoznavanja slikovnih elementov. Cilj tega prispevka je predstaviti več verjetnostnih pristopov v korakih razpoznavanja, nato pa združiti te pristope v en sistem. Večina pristopov uporablja deterministične modele, ki so občutljivi na številne nenadzorovane vplive, kot so osvetlitev, razdalja vozila do kamere, šum pri procesiranju itd. Bistvo naših pristopov je v statističnih algoritmih, ki lahko natančno lokalizirajo in prepoznajo registrsko tablico.
Oblikovanje / metodologija / pristop: Predstavimo enostavne in poceni metode za reševanje relativno pomembnih problemov z uporabo verjetnostnih pristopov. Pri teh pristopih opisujemo številne statistične rešitve od stopnje začetnega praga do lokalizacije in prepoznavanja slikovnih elementov. V koraku lokalizacije uporabljamo frekvenčne signale iz slik registrskih tablic, ki jih analiziramo z uporabo diskretne Fourier-jeve transformacije. Pri prepoznavanju znakov na tablicah smo uporabili tudi verjetnostni model. Na koncu prikazujemo, kako združiti rezultate iz dvojezičnih tablic, kot so na primer tablice Saudove Arabije.
Rezultati: Algoritmi so učinkoviti pri razpoznavanju znakov na vozilih, v stavbah in drugod. Rezultat kaže prednost uporabe verjetnostnega pristopa v vseh korakih razpoznavanja registrskih tablic. Povprečne stopnje uspešnega razpoznavanja pri uporabi lokalnega nabora podatkov so dosegle 79,13%.
Zaključek: Izboljšanje stopnje razpoznavanja je mogoče doseči, če obstajata dva vira informacij, še posebej na registrskih tablicah, na katerih sta dve neodvisni besedili
Uporaba Kano modela za izboljšanje zadovoljstva potrošnikov
No full textBackground/purpose: The interest of measuring customer satisfaction is reflected in its ability to gain customer loyalty, enhance favourable word of mouth, lead to repeat purchases and improve a company’s market share and profitability. The issue of integrating the Kano model of customer satisfaction with other models and tools to support development or improvement of a product, or to determine market strategies, is relatively unexplored in the Slovenian sector. This research aims to construct the Kano model in order to enhance customer satisfaction in the case of home appliances. Design/Methodology/Approach: Data was collected using an online survey amongst randomly selected individuals from the service interventions for an end users database. Principal component factor analysis was first used to identify the underlying factors of home appliance characteristics. In the next phase we calculated the derived and stated importance of customer satisfaction, which was then used to construct the Kano model of customer satisfaction. We further analysed which factors are the strongest drivers, or predictors, of repeat purchase using multiple regression analysis. Results: In the study we identified the underlying home appliance factors. The results show that these factors are: sales environment, price, user features, design features and technical features. The results were then used to construct the Kano model where the analysis goes beyond the qualitative analysis by implementing two approaches, stated and derived importance approach. According to the Kano model, marketers should concentrate on delight characteristics such as: wider knowledge of the salesperson, professional skills of the salesperson, design of home appliance, brand of home appliance. What is more, factors called ‘user features’ are the strongest predictors of repeat purchase. Conclusion: This paper links the Kano model with measuring customer satisfaction and presents a contribution for marketing research theory. Therefore, the results could be used to support optimization of business decision-making, as well as for further scientific research.Ozadje/namen: Zanimanje za merjenje zadovoljstva potrošnikov se kaže v koristih, ki jih le-to prinaša, in sicer pridobitev lojalnosti potrošnikov, prenašanje potrošnikovih dobrih izkušenj od ust do ust, ponovni nakup, izboljšanje tržnega deleža podjetja in dobičkonosnosti. Področje integriranja Kano modela zadovoljstva potrošnikov z ostalimi modeli in orodji, ki omogočajo razvoj ali izboljšanje proizvoda oziroma določanje trženjskih strategij, je na slovenskem področju relativno neraziskano. Cilj raziskave je oblikovati Kano model za izboljšanje zadovoljstva potrošnikov gospodinjskih aparatov. Zasnova/metodologija/pristop: Podatki so bili zbrani preko spletne ankete med naključno izbranimi posamezniki iz podatkovne baze končnih uporabnikov. Faktorska analiza glavnih komponent je bila uporabljena za identifikacijo dejavnikov lastnosti gospodinjskih aparatov. Nato smo izračunali izpeljano in navedeno pomembnost, kar je bilo uporabljeno za oblikovanje Kano modela zadovoljstva potrošnikov. Prav tako smo analizirali, kateri dejavniki v največji meri vplivajo na ponovni nakup z uporabo multiple regresijske analize. Rezultati: Identificirali smo dejavnike gospodinjskih aparatov, pri čemer so to prodajno okolje, cena, uporabniške, oblikovalske in tehnične lastnosti. Na podlagi rezultatov smo nato oblikovali Kano model, kjer analiza presega kvalitativni okvir in pomeni implementacijo dveh pristopov, izpeljane in navedene pomembnosti. Tržniki naj se osredotočijo na lastnosti kot so širše znanje prodajalca, strokovne sposobnosti prodajalca, dizajn gospodinjskega aparata, blagovna znamka. Uporabniške lastnosti v največji meri vplivajo na ponovni nakup. Zaključek: V članku smo povezali Kano model z merjenjem zadovoljstva potrošnikov, kar predstavlja prispevek k teoriji trženjskega raziskovanja. Rezultati raziskave lahko služijo kot podpora optimizaciji poslovnih odločitev kot tudi za nadaljnje znanstveno raziskovanj
Analiza procesa ekspatriatizma v slovenskem podjetju
No full textBackground and Purpose: The multinational companies require different approach of human resource management to achieve their goals. The reason is in employees who are working abroad, so-called expatriates. The purpose of the research is to investigate perceptions and experience of the expatriates working in one of the Slovenian multinational company.
Design/Methodology/Approach: The online survey was performed among all expatriates working for the pharmaceutical company. The questionnaire was randomly sent and delivered in an electronic form, structured in an online program named 1ka (https://www.1ka.si). A total of all 12 questionnaires were completed fully and properly.
Results: Results indicate that there are several reasons that expatriates went to work abroad, but none of them did not completely fulfilled the expectations of the expatriates. There are no differences between those expatriates who are working abroad up to 12 months and those who are working more than 12 months in their fulfilment of expectations working abroad for this company.
Conclusion: Based on the findings, the study shows the expatriates importance factors for their contribution of working abroad for the company and fulfilment of their expectations. The results are useful for the employees that will be in the future involved in the expatriation process in this company.Ozadje in namen: Mednarodna podjetja zahtevajo drugačen pristop kadrovskega managementa pri doseganju svojih ciljev. Vzrok je v zaposlenih, ki delujejo v tujini in jih imenujemo ekspatriati. Namen raziskave je zato ugotoviti dojemanje načina dela in izkušenj ekspatriatov znotraj enega izmed mednarodnih podjetij v Sloveniji.
Zasnova/Metodologija/Pristop: Za raziskavo je bila uporabljena spletna anketa med vsemi ekspatriati v farmacevtskem podjetju. Vprašalnik je bil poslan naključno v elektronski obliki in strukturiran v programu 1 ka (https://www.1ka. si). Vseh 12 poslanih vprašalnikov je bilo v celoti in pravilno izpolnjenih.
Rezultati: Rezultati so pokazali, da je več dejavnikov, ki vplivajo na odhod ekspatriatov v tujino., pa vendar nobeden izmed njih ni zadovoljil njihovih pričakovanj. Rezultati so med drugim pokazali, da ni nobenih razlik v njihovih pričakovanjih med tistimi ekspatriati, ki so v tujini 12 mesecev ali manj in tistimi, ki presegajo čas dela v tujini za več kot 12 mesecev.
Zaključek: V raziskavi so bili ugotovljeni dejavniki, ki vplivajo na odhod ekspatriatov v tujino in zadovoljitev njihovih pričakovanj. Rezultati raziskave bodo v pomoč vsem bodočim ekspatriatom, ki se bodo odločali za ta način dela v izbranem podjetju
Markovska analiza uspešnosti in akademskega napredka na visokošolskem študiju
No full textBackground: The students’ progression towards completing their higher education degrees possesses stochastic characteristics, and can therefore be modelled as an absorbing Markov chain. Such application would have a high practical value and offer great opportunities for implementation in practice.
Objectives: The aim of the paper is to develop a stochastic model for estimation and continuous monitoring of various quality and effectiveness indicators of a given higher education study programme.
Method: The study programme is modelled by a finite Markov chain with five transient and two absorbing states. The probability transition matrix is constructed. The quantitative characteristics of the absorbing Markov chain, like the expected time until absorption and the probabilities of absorption, are used to determine chosen indicators of the programme.
Results: The model is applied to investigate the pattern of students’ enrolment and their academic performance in a Slovenian higher education institution. Based on the students’ intake records, the transition matrix was developed considering eight consecutive academic seasons from 2008/09 until 2016/17. The students’ progression towards the next stage of the study programme was estimated. The expected time that a student spends at a particular stage as well as the expected duration of the study is determined. The graduation and withdrawal probabilities were obtained. Besides, a prediction on the students’ enrolment for the next three academic years was made. The results were interpreted and discussed.
Conclusion: The analysis presented is applicable for all higher education stakeholders. It is especially useful for a higher education institution’s managers seeing that it provides useful information to plan improvements regarding the quality and effectiveness of their study programmes to achieve better position in the educational market.Izhodišča: Proces napredovanja študentov do zaključka visokošolskega študija kaže stohastične značilnosti, zato ga lahko popišemo z Markovsko verigo. Taka aplikacija ima veliko praktično vrednost, saj zaradi enostavnosti teoretičnega modela nudi številne priložnosti za implementacijo v praksi.
Namen: Namen prispevka je razviti stohastični model za ocenjevanje in spremljanje različnih kvantitativnih indikatorjev kakovosti in učinkovitosti izbranega visokošolskega študijskega programa.
Metodologija: Študijski program modeliramo s končno Markovsko verigo s petimi prehodnimi stanji in dvema ponornima stanjema. Predstavljena je prehodna matrika, ki podaja verjetnosti prehodov med posameznimi stanji. Za izračun izbranih indikatorjev študijskega programa uporabimo kvantitativne karakteristike razcepne Markovske verige, kot sta povprečni čas do absorpcije in verjetnost za absorpcijo.
Rezultati: Model smo aplicirali na izbrani študijski program slovenske visokošolske institucije. Na osnovi vpisnih podatkov smo oblikovali prehodno matriko, pri čemer smo upoštevali osem zaporednih študijskih let, od vpisnega leta 2008/09 do 2016/17. Ocenili smo delež študentov, ki redno napreduje v naslednji letnik (nivo) študijskega programa. Določili smo povprečni čas zadrževanja študenta na posameznem nivoju študija ter povprečno trajanje študija. Izračunali smo verjetnost, da bo študent uspešno zaključil študij (diplomiral) ali opustil študij. Poleg tega smo napovedali število študentov na posameznem nivoju študijskega programa, ki jih v danih razmerah lahko pričakujemo v naslednjih treh študijskih letih. Prikazane rezultate smo komentirali in diskutirali o možnostih nadaljnjih raziskav.
Zaključek: Predstavljena analiza je uporabna za vse deležnike, ki krojijo politiko visokošolskega izobraževanja. Predvsem je uporabna za vodstvo obravnavane visokošolske ustanove, saj nudi pomembne in koristne informacije za načrtovanje izboljšav glede kakovosti in učinkovitosti študijskega programa s ciljem zasesti čim boljšo pozicijo na tržišču visokošolskih izobraževalnih ustanov
Zaznana enakost spolov na vodstvenih položajih v organizacijah
No full textBackground and Purpose: This research aims to achieve two main objectives: to investigate differences between male and female managers regarding the perceived gender equality in organizations and to analyze the gender differences in relationships among the perceived gender equality, the perceived satisfaction with employment position and career, the perceived satisfaction with work, and the perceived work-family conflict.
Design/Methodology/Approach: The sample of research includes 82 managers in Slovenian organizations. In first stage, we analyzed with t-test differences between male and female regarding perceived gender equality in decision-making positions. In the next step we developed the conceptual models and used structural equational modeling (SEM), and analyzed differences between constructs in two conceptual models.
Results: The research results show that female managers perceive gender equality in organizations in general to be significantly lower than males; furthermore, perceived gender equality is positively related to the perceived satisfaction with employment position and career as well as to the perceived satisfaction with work, but both relationships are significantly stronger for female managers. On the other hand female managers seems to cope more efficiently with the perceived work-family conflict since it has significantly different impact on female managers’ perceived satisfaction with work, as compared to the male managers.
Conclusion: To achieve more gender equality within organizations and a reduction of the gender gap, the legislative initiatives cannot be successful without appropriate corporate strategy sets, which presents the framework for doing business and determines the internal working culture. The findings offer several policy, as well as business practice-oriented implications.Ozadje in namen: Namen raziskave je doseči dva temeljna cilja: raziskati razlike med moškimi in ženskimi managerji glede zaznane enakosti spolov v organizacijah in analizirati razlike med spoloma v odnosih med zaznano enakostjo spolov, zaznanim zadovoljstvom na delovnem mestu in kariero, zaznanim zadovoljstvom z delom, in zaznano konfliktnostjo relacije delo-družina.
Zasnova/metodologija/pristop: Vzorec raziskave zajema 82 managerjev v slovenskih organizacijah. V prvi fazi smo s t-testom analizirali razlike med moškimi in ženskami glede zaznane enakosti spolov na položajih odločanja. V naslednjem koraku smo razvili konceptualna modela in z uporabo strukturnih enačb (SEM) analizirali razlike med konstrukti.
Rezultati: Rezultati raziskave kažejo, da ženske managerke zaznavajo enakost spolov v organizacijah na splošno bistveno nižja kot moški; dojemanje enakosti spolov je pozitivno povezano z zaznanim zadovoljstvom na delovnem mestu in kariero, kot tudi z zaznanim zadovoljstvom z delom, vendar sta obe povezavi precej močneje izraženi na strani žensk. Zdi se tudi, da se ženske managerke bolj učinkovito spopadanje z zaznano konfliktnostjo, ki izvira iz relacije delo-družina, saj ima slednji bistveno drugačen vpliv na zaznano zadovoljstvo žensk z delom, v primerjavi z moškimi.
Zaključek: Za doseganje večje enakosti spolov v organizacijah in zmanjšanje razlik med spoloma, ne gre pričakovati, da bi bile lahko zgolj zakonodajne pobude uspešne brez ustreznih poslovnih strategij organizacij, saj le te predstavljajo okvir za poslovanje in določajo notranjo delovno kulturo. Izsledki ponujajo implikacije tako oblikovalcem politik, kot tudi poslovni praksi
Organizacijsko učenje, podprto z modeli strojnega učenja in splošnimi metodami razlage: Primer napovedovanja prodaje na medorganizacijskem trgu
No full textBackground and Purpose: The process of business to business (B2B) sales forecasting is a complex decision-making process. There are many approaches to support this process, but mainly it is still based on the subjective judgment of a decision-maker. The problem of B2B sales forecasting can be modeled as a classification problem. However, top performing machine learning (ML) models are black boxes and do not support transparent reasoning. The purpose of this research is to develop an organizational model using ML model coupled with general explanation methods. The goal is to support the decision-maker in the process of B2B sales forecasting.
Design/Methodology/Approach: Participatory approach of action design research was used to promote acceptance of the model among users. ML model was built following CRISP-DM methodology and utilizes R software environment.
Results: ML model was developed in several design cycles involving users. It was evaluated in the company for several months. Results suggest that based on the explanations of the ML model predictions the users’ forecasts improved. Furthermore, when the users embrace the proposed ML model and its explanations, they change their initial beliefs, make more accurate B2B sales predictions and detect other features of the process, not included in the ML model.
Conclusions: The proposed model promotes understanding, foster debate and validation of existing beliefs, and thus contributes to single and double-loop learning. Active participation of the users in the process of development, validation, and implementation has shown to be beneficial in creating trust and promotes acceptance in practice.Ozadje in namen: Napovedovanje prodaje na medorganizacijskem trgu je kompleksen odločitveni proces. Čeprav obstaja več pristopov in orodij za podporo temu procesu, se odločevalci v praksi še vedno zanašajo na subjektivno presojo. Problem je možno modelirati kot klasifikacijski problem, vendar pa so zmogljivi modeli strojnega učenja črne škatle, ki ne podpirajo transparentne razlage. Namen raziskave je predstaviti organizacijsko-informacijski model, ki temelji na modelu strojnega učenja, razširjenega s splošnimi metodami razlage, s ciljem podpore odločevalcem v procesu napovedovanja prodaje na medorganizacijskem trgu.
Načrt/metodologija/pristop: Uporabili smo pristop akcijskega načrtovanja, ki z vključevanjem uporabnikov v proces raziskovanja, spodbuja sprejetost modela med uporabniki. Pri razvoju modela strojnega učenja smo sledili metodologiji CRISP-DM ter uporabili programsko okolje R.
Rezultati: Model strojnega učenja smo skupaj z uporabniki razvijali v več ciklih. Model smo ovrednotili z večmesečno uporabo v sodelujočem podjetju. Rezultati kažejo, da so uporabniki izboljšali napovedi prodaje, ko so uporabljali model strojnega učenja, opremljenega z razlago napovedi. Ko so začeli zaupati v model, so na podlagi napovedi in razlag spremenili svoja prepričanja, izdelali natančnejše napovedi in prepoznali lastnosti procesa, ki ga model strojnega učenja ne vključuje.
Zaključki: Predlagani pristop podpira razumevanje, spodbuja diskusijo in validacijo obstoječih prepričanj ter na ta način prispeva k učenju z enojno in dvojno zanko. Aktivno sodelovanje uporabnikov v procesu razvoja, validacije in implementacije je prispevalo k zaupanju in s tem k sprejetosti modela v praksi
Psihološko opolnomočenje, zadovoljstvo z delom in organizacijska pripadnost visokošolskih pedagogov: primerjava šestih držav Srednje in Vzhodne Evrope (CEE)
No full textBackground and Purpose: Organizations should implement new findings from the field of human resource management. If an organization wants to have successful and effective employees, they should be satisfied with all aspects of work and at the same time they should be feel commitment towards an organization. To have a full insight in employees, organizations have to take care of psychological side of employees, which manifests in psychological empowerment.
Design/Methodology/Approach: The survey was conducted among 409 university lecturers in Austria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Germany, Serbia, and Slovenia. The investigated constructs of psychological empowerment, job satisfaction and organisational commitment were compared. Spreitzer’s PEQ was used for the assessment of the psychological empowerment, Spector’s JSS for job satisfaction, and Allen’s and Meyer’s OCQ for the assessment of organisational commitment.
Results: The research showed that the highest level of psychological empowerment can be found among university lecturers from Serbia and the lowest from Germany. Job satisfaction level is the highest in Austria and the lowest in Slovenia. Affective organisational commitment is the highest in Slovenia and the lowest in Germany. Continuance organisational commitment scored the highest in Croatia and the lowest in Czech Republic. Additionally, the outcomes show the highest level of normative organisational commitment in Czech Republic and the lowest in Austria. Only affective organisational commitment was not found as statistically significant.
Conclusion: Knowledge of psychological empowerment, job satisfaction and organizational commitment can be helpful for leaders, because with this knowledge they can manage, develop and motivate employees properly.Ozadnje in namen: Organizacije morajo uvajati nova spoznanja s področja upravljanja kadrovskih virov. Če želi imeti organizacija uspešne in učinkovite zaposlene, morajo le-ti biti zadovoljni z vsemi vidiki dela in bodo hkrati čutili večjo pripadnost organizaciji. Za popoln vpogled v zaposlene, morajo organizacije poskrbeti za psihološko stran zaposlenih, ki se kaže v psihološkem opolnomočenju.
Oblikovanje/Metodologija/Pristop: Raziskava je bila izvedena med 409. visokošolskimi pedagogi iz Avstrije, Hrvaške, Češke, Nemčije, Srbije in Slovenije. Proučevani konstrukti psihološkega opolnomočenja, zadovoljstva z delom in organizacijske pripadnosti so bili primerjani po državah. Spreitzerin PEQ je bil uporabljen za ocenjevanje psihološkega opolnomočenja, Spectorjev JSS za zadovoljstvo z delom ter Allenin in Meyerjov OCQ za oceno organizacijske pripadnosti.
Rezultati: Raziskava je pokazala, da je najvišja stopnja psihološkega opolnomočenja med visokošolskimi pedagogi iz Srbije in najnižja med tistimi iz Nemčije. Zadovoljstvo z delom je najvišje v Avstriji in najnižje v Sloveniji. Čustvena organizacijska pripadnost je najvišja v Sloveniji in najnižja v Nemčiji. Kalkulativna organizacijska pripadnost je najvišje ocenjena na Hrvaškem in najnižje na Češki. Dodatno, rezultati pokažejo, da je najvišja stopnja normativne organizacijske pripadnosti na Češkem in najnižja v Avstriji. Do statistično značilnih razlik ni prišlo le v primeru čustvene organizacijske pripadnosti.
Sklep: Poznavanje psihološkega opolnomočenja, zadovoljstva z delom in organizacijske pripadnosti je koristno za vodje, saj lahko s tem znanjem ustrezno upravljajo, razvijajo in motivirajo zaposlene
Izgorelost starejših in mlajših zaposlenih - primer Slovenije
No full textBackground and Purpose: People spend a significant part of their lifespan working, but the role of age in job design and implementation of work have largely been ignored. The consequences can be evident in stress and burnout in different symptoms. Thus, age-diverse employees are faced with different symptoms of burnout and stress when carrying out their work. The main aim of this paper is to present burnout of older employees compared to younger employees in Slovenian companies.
Design/Methodology/Approach: The paper is based on research including a survey between two age groups of employees, namely the younger employees that were classified in the group of under 50 years of age and the older employees that were classified in the group of above 50 years of age. Since the Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk test showed that the data was not normally distributed, the noan-parametric Mann-Whitney U test was used to verify differences in the physical symptoms of burnout, emotional symptoms of burnout, and behavioral symptoms of burnout in the workplace between two groups.
Results: The results show that there are significant differences in the great majority of the variables describing the physical symptoms of burnout, emotional symptoms of burnout, and behavioral symptoms of burnout in the workplace between younger and older employees.
Conclusion: Well-being in the workplace of age-diverse employees is a key for long-term effectiveness of organizations. Managers and employers should apply appropriate measures to reduce burnout as well as to contribute to employees well-being and better workplace performance.Ozadje in namen: Ljudje preživijo velik del svojega življenja na delovnem mestu, vendar je vloga starosti pri oblikovanju delovnih mest in izvajanju dela v veliki meri prezrta. Posledice se lahko odražajo v stresu in različnih simptomih izgorelosti. Tako se starostni raznoliki zaposleni soočajo z različnimi simptomi izgorelosti in stresom pri opravljanju njihovega dela. Glavni cilj prispevka je predstaviti izgorevanje starejših zaposlenih v primerjavi z mlajšimi zaposlenimi v slovenskih podjetjih.
Zasnova / metodologija / pristop: Prispevek temelji na raziskavi med dvema starostnima skupinama, in sicer mlajših zaposlenih, ki so bili razvrščeni v skupino pod 50 let in starejših zaposlenih, ki so bili razvrščeni v skupino nad 50 let. Kolmogorov-Smirnov in Shapiro-Wilk test je pokazal, da podatki niso normalno porazdeljeni, zato smo uporabili ne-parametrični Mann-Whitney U test za preverjanje razlik v telesnih, čustvenih in vedenjskih simptomih izgorelosti na delovnem mestu med obema skupinama.
Rezultati: Rezultati kažejo, da obstajajo statistično značilne razlike v veliki večini spremenljivk, ki opisujejo fizične, čustvene in vedenjske simptome izgorelosti na delovnem mestu med mlajšimi in starejšimi zaposlenimi v slovenskih podjetjih.
Zaključek: Dobro počutje na delovnem mestu starostno različnih zaposlenih je ključnega pomena za dolgoročno uspešnost organizacije. Managerji in delodajalci morajo izvajati ustrezne ukrepe za zmanjšanje izgorevanja, kot tudi, da prispevajo k dobremu počutju zaposlenih in boljše delovanje na delovnem mestu
In Memorian Zasl. Prof. Dr. Miroljub Kljajić
No full textIn December 2016, our esteemed colleague, dear friend, mentor and father, Professor Emeritus D.Sc. Miroljub Kljajić, suddenly passed away. This was shocking news for all who knew him as a man full of life, creativity, wisdom, humour, and kindness. Sometimes it felt he was greater than life itself. Prof. Mirojub Kljajić was born on 4th November, 1943 in a little village Vražogrnci in the south of Serbia, then Yugoslavia. His childhood was marked by extreme shortages in the post-war Yugoslavia. At the age of 15, dreaming of becoming a pilot and being an outstanding student, he enrolled in the military school, which was the only schooling his family could afford. His harsh childhood experiences marked him for life. He was hard-working, strict to himself and to his colleagues, and never gave up. His thirst for knowledge, especially for the natural and technical sciences, but also profound love for art, drove him to seek possibilities for further studying. After finishing military school, he got his first employment in the army. During that time, serving in different cities (Kraljevo, Belgrade, Split, and Pula), he finished classical gymnasium and enrolled as a part-time student at a remote unit of Visoka tehniška šola (Higher Technical School) of Maribor, in Pula. After graduation he enrolled as a full-time student at the Faculty of Electrical Engineering of the University of Ljubljana while still working at the military airport in Pula. In his final year of studies he was placed in Ljubljana, graduated and finally demobilized from the military. He started to work as a postgraduate researcher at the Jožef Stefan Institute in Ljubljana, Section for automatics, bio-cybernetics and robotics. He finished his master’s studies under the supervision of Prof. Dr. France Bremšak. In 1973, he obtained his PhD in the field of bio-cybernetics from the University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Electrical Engineering under the supervision of academician Prof. Dr. Lojze Vodovnik. In 1976, he started to work half-time at the Faculty of Organizational Sciences and half-time at the Jožef Stefan Institute. Since 2000 he was fully engaged with the Faculty. For many years, he was a chair of the Laboratory for Cybernetics and Decision Support Systems, transferring ideas from the field of automation, cybernetics and robotics to the world of organizational sciences. With his kindness and pedagogical instinct, he attracted and encouraged many excellent young researchers. Besides mentoring many undergraduate and graduate students, he also supervised ten PhD students. His laboratory was always full of vibrant discussions, ideas, and hard work, sometimes, if needed long into the night. During his long and fruitful research years he published over 100 original scientific papers, 29 in esteemed journals with impact factors. According to the Web of Science his work was cited more than 500 times. Prof. Kljajić’s research interests were very wide and reflected his beliefs that topics are interconnected as in a complex system which he understood at a top level yet with full attention to the fine details. Prof. Miroljub Kljajić was recognized in renowned international scientific circles and he thus held special symposiums at various international conferences. His most prominent symposium, Simulation Based Decision Support, was held in Baden-Baden, Germany, for many years at the InterSymp conference organized by The International Institute for Advanced Studies in Systems Research and Cybernetics. Lately he was a member of the editorial team of the journal Organizacija and a co-founder and editor of the International Journal of Information Technologies and Systems Approach. His meticulous research eye was a reason for being a prominent reviewer in renowned international scientific journals and conferences. Having an outstanding scientific background and being a social persona with an exceptional ability to connect people with different backgrounds, he was a founder and for a longtime head of the research group “Decision Support Systems in Electronic Business” at the Faculty of Organizational Sciences, University of Maribor. This research group offered supportive environment to an outstanding number of senior and junior researchers and PhD students from a wide area of system approach research, solving complex managerial decision problems in the environment of rapid technological developments and electronic interactions. The wide plethora of research streams brought together under one umbrella within this research group describes Miroljub Kljajić’s personality best. His main research interest, Simulation Based Decision Support, refers to the research stream,originating from cybernetics where systems can be efficiently managed by information both feedback and feedforward. Therefore, organizational systems inherently being complex in their nature, comprising of people, processes and technology, are the focus of this thematic issue. Hence, it is not surprising that this area has attracted scholars from all over the globe and from various fields of research such as Mathematics, Organizational sciences, Computer Science, Information Systems, Operational Research, etc. Although the research topics presented in this issue are diverse, we believe that they are well-balanced and harmonized under a common denominator – the Systems Approach Methodology, which makes this issue innovative and unique. Prof. Miroljub Kljajić has left behind a well-established flourishing research garden where his successors can further develop and build upon his noble ideas. We believe that this thematic issue of Organizacija issue is only the first step. In December 2016, our esteemed colleague, dear friend, mentor and father, Professor Emeritus D.Sc. Miroljub Kljajić, suddenly passed away. This was shocking news for all who knew him as a man full of life, creativity, wisdom, humour, and kindness. Sometimes it felt he was greater than life itself. Prof. Mirojub Kljajić was born on 4th November, 1943 in a little village Vražogrnci in the south of Serbia, then Yugoslavia. His childhood was marked by extreme shortages in the post-war Yugoslavia. At the age of 15, dreaming of becoming a pilot and being an outstanding student, he enrolled in the military school, which was the only schooling his family could afford. His harsh childhood experiences marked him for life. He was hard-working, strict to himself and to his colleagues, and never gave up. His thirst for knowledge, especially for the natural and technical sciences, but also profound love for art, drove him to seek possibilities for further studying. After finishing military school, he got his first employment in the army. During that time, serving in different cities (Kraljevo, Belgrade, Split, and Pula), he finished classical gymnasium and enrolled as a part-time student at a remote unit of Visoka tehniška šola (Higher Technical School) of Maribor, in Pula. After graduation he enrolled as a full-time student at the Faculty of Electrical Engineering of the University of Ljubljana while still working at the military airport in Pula. In his final year of studies he was placed in Ljubljana, graduated and finally demobilized from the military. He started to work as a postgraduate researcher at the Jožef Stefan Institute in Ljubljana, Section for automatics, bio-cybernetics and robotics. He finished his master’s studies under the supervision of Prof. Dr. France Bremšak. In 1973, he obtained his PhD in the field of bio-cybernetics from the University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Electrical Engineering under the supervision of academician Prof. Dr. Lojze Vodovnik. In 1976, he started to work half-time at the Faculty of Organizational Sciences and half-time at the Jožef Stefan Institute. Since 2000 he was fully engaged with the Faculty. For many years, he was a chair of the Laboratory for Cybernetics and Decision Support Systems, transferring ideas from the field of automation, cybernetics and robotics to the world of organizational sciences. With his kindness and pedagogical instinct, he attracted and encouraged many excellent young researchers. Besides mentoring many undergraduate and graduate students, he also supervised ten PhD students. His laboratory was always full of vibrant discussions, ideas, and hard work, sometimes, if needed long into the night. During his long and fruitful research years he published over 100 original scientific papers, 29 in esteemed journals with impact factors. According to the Web of Science his work was cited more than 500 times. Prof. Kljajić’s research interests were very wide and reflected his beliefs that topics are interconnected as in a complex system which he understood at a top level yet with full attention to the fine details. Prof. Miroljub Kljajić was recognized in renowned international scientific circles and he thus held special symposiums at various international conferences. His most prominent symposium, Simulation Based Decision Support, was held in Baden-Baden, Germany, for many years at the InterSymp conference organized by The International Institute for Advanced Studies in Systems Research and Cybernetics. Lately he was a member of the editorial team of the journal Organizacija and a co-founder and editor of the International Journal of Information Technologies and Systems Approach. His meticulous research eye was a reason for being a prominent reviewer in renowned international scientific journals and conferences. Having an outstanding scientific background and being a social persona with an exceptional ability to connect people with different backgrounds, he was a founder and for a longtime head of the research group “Decision Support Systems in Electronic Business” at the Faculty of Organizational Sciences, University of Maribor. This research group offered supportive environment to an outstanding number of senior and junior researchers and PhD students from a wide area of system approach research, solving complex managerial decision problems in the environment of rapid technological developments and electronic interactions. The wide plethora of research streams brought together under one umbrella within this research group describes Miroljub Kljajić’s personality best. His main research interest, Simulation Based Decision Support, refers to the research stream,originating from cybernetics where systems can be efficiently managed by information both feedback and feedforward. Therefore, organizational systems inherently being complex in their nature, comprising of people, processes and technology, are the focus of this thematic issue. Hence, it is not surprising that this area has attracted scholars from all over the globe and from various fields of research such as Mathematics, Organizational sciences, Computer Science, Information Systems, Operational Research, etc. Although the research topics presented in this issue are diverse, we believe that they are well-balanced and harmonized under a common denominator – the Systems Approach Methodology, which makes this issue innovative and unique. Prof. Miroljub Kljajić has left behind a well-established flourishing research garden where his successors can further develop and build upon his noble ideas. We believe that this thematic issue of Organizacija issue is only the first step