Organization - Journal of Management, Informatics and Human Resources / Organizacija - Revija za management, informatiko in kadre (University of Maribor)
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Kazalniki in kazalci ravnanja z okoljem v podjetjih
Get PDFAsserting the requirements of SIST EN ISO standards (14001:2005) points to the capability of enforcing organizational novelties, however, it does not provide a real picture of actual environmental performance and environmental management. The purpose of this research is to establish the actual role and performance of environmental management. Moreover, the research aims to establish the role and significance of environmental system indicators (showing the state of the environment or a phenomenon) as the data on a specific feature or state of the environment and indicators (relative number) as the comparison of the state or development of environmental management in the operations of Slovenian enterprises and their efforts towards sustainable development. Inlets for measuring environmental management performance are presented by measurable results of environmental management in an enterprise. The results were compared by the organizational environmental policy, indicative environmental targets and other requirements that are given in EFQM directions in achieving business excellence. Survey was conducted in 120 Slovenian enterprises. The results of this research provide the guidelines and platform or principles for further discussion and research in the field of environmental management. Our hypothesis, which provided that the manner of management in an enterprise and environmental management are interrelated, should also contribute new knowledge to research issues in the field of organization management and environmental managementUveljavljanje zahtev in elementov standardov SIST EN ISO 14001:2005 kaže le na sposobnost uveljavljanja organizacijskih novosti, ob tem ne daje realne slike o dejanskih okoljskih učinkih in dejanskem ravnanju z okoljem. Namen raziskave je bil ugotoviti, kakšna je dejanska vloga in učinki ravnanja z okoljem ter kakšna sta vloga in pomen kazalcev (kaže stanje okolja ali pojava ) okolja kot podatkov o določeni lastnosti oziroma stanju okolja in kazalnikov (relativno število) kot primerjave stanja oziroma razvoja ravnanja z okoljem v poslovanju slovenskih podjetjih in njihovih prizadevanj k trajnostnemu razvoju. Vhode za merjenje učinka ravnanja z okoljem so predstavljali merljivi rezultati ravnanja z okoljem v podjetju. Rezultate smo primerjali z okoljsko politiko organizacije, okvirnimi okoljskimi cilji in drugimi zahtevami, kot jih podajajo smernice EFQM za poslovno odličnost. Anketa je bila izvedena v 120 slovenskih podjetjih. Z ugotovitvami raziskave so podane smernice in izhodišča za nadaljnje razprave in raziskovanja na področju okoljskega ravnanja. Hipoteza, da sta bistveno povezana način upravljanja in ravnanje z okoljem podjetja, naj bi prispevala nova spoznanja k raziskovalni problematiki na področju upravljanja organizacije in ravnanja z okoljem
Kriteriji izbire šest sigma projektov v slovenskih proizvodnih organizacijah
No full textResearches reveal that successful six sigma implementation is related to proper six sigma project prioritisation and selection. This research is limited to the selection of six sigma projects in some manufacturing companies in Slovenia. The purpose of this study is to identify what criteria are considered for prioritisation and selection of six sigma projects and how six sigma projects are selected. A research sample is limited by the number of companies which have implemented six sigma so far. The results indicate that Slovenian manufacturing organisations tend to select six sigma projects based on criteria such as customer satisfaction, connection with a business strategy financial benefits, and growth of the organisation. Several tools and techniques such as quality cost analysis, brainstorming and interviews are used to identify and prioritise projects. Identification of the most commonly used criteria to select six sigma projects can help practitioners to select projects based on multiple criteria by using tools and techniques identified in this study. This topic has not been applied in the field of Slovenian manufacturing companies and thus it presents the first study in this field in Slovenia.Raziskave kažejo, da je uspešno uvajanje šest sigma metodologije v organizaciji povezano z določanjem kriterijev in s primerno izbiro projektov. Ta raziskava se osredotoča na merila izbire šest sigma projektov, ki se izvajajo v proizvodnih organizacijah v Sloveniji. Namen te raziskave je raziskati, katera merila se v slovenskih proizvodnih organizacijah uporabljajo pri določanju in pri izbiri šest sigma projektov prioritet in pri izbiri šest sigma projektov. V raziskavo vključen vzorec organizacij je omejen s številom organizacij, ki so do sedaj v Sloveniji že uvedle metodologijo šest sigma. Rezultati te raziskave kažejo, da slovenske organizacije najpogosteje izbirajo projekte na osnovi koristi, ki jih bodo rezultati projekta doprinesli k zadovoljstvu kupca, skladnost in povezanost projekta s strategijo organizacije ter njeno rastjo. Kot pomoč pri določitvi nabora potencialnih šest sigma projektov in njihovi izbiri se uporablja več orodij kot je analiza stroškov, viharjenje možganov, pogovori s kupci. Identifikacija najbolj pogosto uporabljenih metod in uporaba njihovih kombinacij strokovnjakom iz prakse pomaga pri izbiri njihovih šest sigma projektov. Ta raziskava predstavlja prvo študijo na tem področju v Sloveniji in je preliminarna
Optimizacija denarnih tokov pri gradnji cest z genetskim algoritmom
Get PDFIn this paper a method for optimization of cash flows in the construction and management of road network is presented. On the basis of the last official National highway Construction Program (NPIA) update, in 2004, the methodology and a computer program that simulate and optimize the cash flow with genetic algorithm were designed. The computer program contains the model that simulate the cash flows, and the optimization algorithm, which runs through the delayed construction of individual road sections. For criteria the maximized net present value (NPV) and minimized the time deviation from the original plan were used. Multi-criteria optimization is discussed by using different weights. The optimization results were the optimal values of selected financial and time parameters, which are shown on the Pareto curve.V članku je prikazan primer optimizacije denarnih tokov pri gradnji in upravljanju cestnega omrežja. Na osnovi podatkovne baze iz zadnje uradne posodobitve Nacionalnega programa izgradnje avtocest (NPIA) v letu 2004 sta bila izdelana metodologija in računalniški program, ki omogočata simulacijo in optimizacijo denarnih tokov z genetskim algoritmom. V okviru računalniškega programa sta bila izdelana model, ki simulira denarne tokove, in optimizacijski algoritem, ki je na model navezan preko zamika gradnje posameznih cestnih odsekov. Za kriterija sta bila uporabljena maksimizirana neto sedanjo vrednost (NSV) in minimizirano časovno odstopanje od prvotnega načrta. Optimizacijski algoritem vključuje večkriterijsko optimizacijo z uporabo različnih uteži. Rezultat optimizacije so vrednosti izbranih finančnih in časovnih parametrov. Optimalne rešitve z uporabo različnih uteži oz. razmerij med NSV in časovnim odstopanjem od prvotnega načrta so prikazane s Paretovo krivuljo
Managerske kompetence delavcev v turizmu
Get PDFIn this article author does a theoretical interpretation of competencies furthermore author focuses on managerial competencies, throughout the article author focuses on competencies of workers in tourism sector. Author studied a sample of 123 workers from for mentioned professions and found out that workers in tourism evaluate that they have enough skills and knowledge to perform good at their jobs and that workers actually use less skills and knowledge at their work that they actually have. Workers report that they have gained most of their managerial competencies through work and less with formal education. These findings can give broader view of a situation regarding managerial competencies of workers in Slovenian tourism and can serve as guidelines for managers at future development of human resources politics inside their organizations regarding managerial competencies.Avtor v prispevku na teoretični ravni proučuje kompetence na splošno, nadalje se ukvarja s področjem delovno managerskih kompetenc tako v organizacijah kot pri posameznikih, v zadnjem delu pa se avtor posveča managerskim kompetencam delavcev v turizmu v Sloveniji. V empiričnem delu je avtor na vzorcu 123 anketirancev preučeval managerske kompetence delavcev v turizmu. Ugotovil je, da delavci v turizmu ocenjujejo, da imajo dovolj sposobnosti in znanj za opravljanje svojega dela, da pri opravljanju svojega dela uporabljajo manj svojih sposobnosti in znanj kot jih dejansko imajo, ter da so svoje kompetence v večji meri pridobili z delovnimi izkušnjami kot s formalnim izobraževanjem za poklic. Na podlagi teoretičnih spoznaj s področja managerskih kompetenc in področja managerskih kompetenc delavcev v turizmu in na podlagi ugotovitev empiričnega dela prispevka avtor podaja vpogled na stanje na področju managerskih kompetenc delavcev v slovenskem turizmu, kar lahko služi kot orodje managerjem pri ustvarjanju kadrovske politike znotraj posamezne organizacije na področju managerskih kompetenc
Implementacija, učinkovitost in izkušnje z oddaljenim laboratorijem za poučevanje tehnike
No full textModern educational methods bring many new challenges from the pedagogical, as well as from the technical aspect. One of the more significant is the integration of information and communication technology into the educational process. These is particularly noticeable in the engineering education where the requests of the industry for a faster and more efficient acquisition of knowledge and practical skills lead to a constant search for new solutions in the learning process which would attract and motivate students, as well as be user friendly. This is especially difficult to be reached with the practical education which is usually composed of laboratory exercises that are bound to a specific time and place. One of the possible solutions are the remote laboratories which offer the possibility of the implementation of real remote laboratory experiments in the educational institutions’ laboratories and, therefore, enhance the students’ knowledge and capability for dealing with some technical problems without the need for their physical presence in the laboratory. In the article, the example of a successful implementation of the remote laboratory in the field of engineering, developed and operating in the Moodle environment, is presented. The laboratory does not only represent the framework for the experiment implementation, but it also offers courses with complete documentation, therefore courses can be performed on distance. As an example, the case of the most widely used course from remote laboratory is presented, i.e., the “Control of nonlinear mechanism” course. Special attention is given to the description of the booking process for remote experiments, the execution of remote experiments and the applied user interface. The evaluation of the interface usability from the point of view of end users was performed via the acknowledged SUMI method. Additionally, another questionnaire was prepared in order to investigate the students’ opinion about working in the remote laboratory. The results have shown that the presented remote laboratory is user friendly and accepted by both teachers and students as a suitable and interesting supplement to the conventional laboratory exercises.Sodobni izobraževalni procesi prinašajo s seboj nove pedagoške in tehnične izzive, pri čemer je posebej zahtevna učinkovita integracija informacijske in komunikacijske tehnologije v učne procese. Zaradi zahtev in potreb industrije po hitrejšem in učinkovitejšem pridobivanju praktičnih izkušenj se iščejo nove rešitve, ki bi pritegnile in motivirale študente za dodatno pridobivanje znanja. Ti procesi so posebej izraziti pri poučevanju tehnike. Največjo težavo pri tem predstavlja izvajanje laboratorijskih vaj, ki zahtevajo uporabnikovo prisotnost v laboratoriju. Ena od rešitev so oddaljeni laboratoriji, ki nudijo izvajanje laboratorijskih eksperimentov preko spleta, kar zmanjša potrebnost neposredne fizične prisotnosti študentov in povečuje možnosti za izboljšanje znanja študentov za reševanje določenih tehniških problemov. V članku je predstavljen primer uspešne izvedbe oddaljenega laboratorija za področje tehnike skupaj s tečajem, ki deluje v okolju Moodle. Podrobneje je opisan tečaj ‘Vodenje nelinearnega mehanizma’. Laboratorij namreč ne predstavlja samo orodja za izvajanje oddaljenih eksperimentov, pač pa ponuja celotne tečaje s popolno dokumentacijo, ki omogoča učenje na daljavo. Posebej je izpostavljen postopek prijavljanja na izvajanje oddaljenih eksperimentov ter sama izvedba vaje skupaj z opisom grafičnega uporabniškega vmesnika. Izvedena je bila tudi evaluacija s priznano metodo SUMI za ocenjevanje uporabniške prijaznosti sistema. Prav tako se je ugotavljal odziv študentov na delo z oddaljenim laboratorijem. Rezultati raziskav so pokazali, da je v delu predstavljen oddaljeni laboratorij ustrezno uporabniško prijazen in s strani študentov in učiteljev sprejet kot primerna in zanimiva dopolnitev klasičnih laboratorijskih vaj
Tehnološke, trženjske in komplementarne kompetence kot dejavniki inovacijske uspešnosti v slovenskih proizvodnih podjetjih
No full textThe paper discusses innovative performance of firms and underlying competencies, namely technological, marketing and complementary. Competencies are regarded as networks of various capabilities and other firm assets and can be used for cross-industry comparisons. The study is based on a survey carried out among 50 established Slovenian manufacturing companies addressing competencies which they employ in their 65 distinct product lines. Three distinct segments of firms are established based on innovative performance indicators. Used are techniques of multivariate statistics, including cluster analysis and analysis of variance. The results imply that the most innovative firms simultaneously develop technological, marketing and complementary competencies. The implications of our findings are valuable to the firms aligning their competencies with their strategy, as well as to policy makers in technology following countries.Članek obravnava inovacijsko uspešnost podjetij in njihove ključne kompetence, med njimi tehnološke, trženjske in komplementarne. Kompetence predstavljajo mreže različnih sposobnosti in drugih sredstev podjetja. To omogoča njihove primerjave tudi med panogami. Študija temelji na anketi, v kateri je sodelovalo 50 uveljavljenih slovenskih proizvodnih podjetij. Vzorec predstavlja njihovih 65 različnih proizvodnih linij. Na osnovi kazalcev inovacijske uspešnosti so opredeljeni trije segmenti podjetij. Uporabljena so orodja multivariatne analize, in sicer razvrščanje v skupine in analiza variance. Iz rezultatov je razvidno, da najbolj inovativna podjetja istočasno razvijajo tehnološke, trženjske in komplementarne kompetence. Ugotovitve so pomembne tako za podjetja, ki želijo uskladiti kompetence s svojo strategijo, kakor tudi z vidika ukrepov inovacijske politike v državah tehnoloških sledilkah
Izboljšanje učinkovitosti urjenja s pomočjo povratnih informacij – primer slovenske javne uprave
No full textAfter the fall of the Berlin wall, the public administrations in Central and Eastern European countries have had to adapt to an enormous number of changes in a relatively short time. Their civil servants are still facing a constantly changing regulatory framework which needs implementation and enforcement, as well as new demands from the growing private sector and the citizens. These challenges can only be met if the civil servants are highly qualified and constantly updating their qualifications. A sound system of in-service training is therefore crucial to keep the public servants on equal footing with the rapidly changing environment. The research presented in this paper analyzed the practices of training evaluation as an information feedback in a branch of Slovene state administration. We analyzed the attitudes of employees towards evaluation with the assumption that there probably are notable differences between the attitudes of public servants depending on their demographic qualities. The results of the research, that 414 public servants have participated in, show that the position in the hierarchy has the strongest influence on their attitude towards evaluation. Empirical data also show that most of the employees are willing to participate in a continuous and objective training evaluation, but the leading public servants are less involved in the evaluation than expected.Po padcu berlinskega zidu so se javne uprave v srednji in vzhodni Evropi morale v zelo kratkem času prilagoditi mnogim spremembam. Njihovi javni uslužbenci so še vedno soočeni s stalno spreminjajočim se zakonodajnim okvirjem, ki ga je potrebno vpeljevati v prakso ter novimi zahtevami pravnih in fizičnih oseb. Javna uprava lahko odgovori na te izzive samo, če so njeni uslužbenci visoko kvalificirani in se njihova znanja stalno posodabljajo, za ustrezno prilagajanje kompetenc javnih uslužbencev hitro spreminjajočemu se okolju pa je potreben kvaliteten sistem urjenja na delovnem mestu. V pričujoči raziskavi smo analizirali prakse evalvacije izobraževanja kot vira povratnih informacij v delu slovenske javne uprave. Analizirali smo odnos zaposlenih do evalvacije z domnevo, da obstajajo opazne razlike med skupinami javnih uslužbencev z različnimi demografskimi lastnostmi. Rezultati raziskave, v kateri je sodelovalo 414 javnih uslužbencev so pokazali, da ima položaj v hierarhiji najmočnejši vpliv na njihov odnos do evalvacije. Empirični podatki so pokazali tudi, da je večina zaposlenih pripravljena sodelovati v kontinuirani in objektivni evalvaciji izobraževanja, vendar pa se vodstveni javni uslužbenci manj ukvarjajo z evalvacijo, kot smo pričakovali
Analiza regulacije trga mobilnih komunikacij iz vidika korelacij med storitvami
Get PDFThe aim of this article is to answer the question if regulation of call termination in mobile market is sufficient for effective regulation and to ensure the effective competition. The article will analyse the possibility to follow European Commission recommendations without additional market analyses. EC recommends analysing only the market for call termination on each individual mobile network to ensure the efficient competition on the whole mobile market. EC defines, based on demand and supply substitution and obstacles to enter the market, new 7 electronic communications markets and only one on the mobile market. National Regulatory Authorities mostly just follow the recommendation. The article defines which additional elements need to be taken into consideration and when to ensure the effective competition, based on co-relation between the services of termination and origination and its mathematical co-relation to market share. The article defines the border between the regulation, which can only follow EC recommendation and regulation of additional market definitions. Analysis and findings of the article show that because of correlations on the market is impossible to ensure an effective competition, just with the definition of mobile market for call termination on individual network on each geographical market.Namen članka je odgovoriti na vprašanje ali je le regulacije zaključevanja klicev na trgu mobilnih komunikacij dovolj za rešitev konkurenčnega problema na vsakem geografskem trgu ter posledično zagotavlja popolno konkurenco na trgu. Evropska komisija je v svojih najnovejših priporočil priporočila definiranje in analizo le trga zaključevanja klicev v posamično mobilno omrežje. Članek bo na podlagi matematičnih korelacij med zaključevanjem in posredovanjem klicev ter korelacij glede na tržni delež podal katere elemente je potrebno dodatno analizirati in upoštevati pri regulaciji trga mobilnih komunikacij. Članek bo definiral meje pri katerih je potrebno izvesti dodatne analize ter definiranje dodatnega trga, ki ga ni v trenutno veljavnih priporočilih Evropske komisije. Analize in ugotovitve v tem članku dokazujejo, da samo analiza priporočenih trgov s strani Evropske komisije ne zadostujejo za učinkovito regulacijo trga mobilnih komunikacij
Organizacijski miselni vzorec in konativne kompetence
No full textEmployees with their knowledge, skills, behavior and personal traits impact the organizational learning. The concept of organizational mental map and conative competences, as inborn underlying characteristic that is influenced by employees being involved as well as endogenous and exogenous factors, is presented. Three Slovene small to mid-sized companies were studied in respect to the individual factors, especially conative competences, of their employees. The study suggests that conative side of mind and thus conative competences can actually influence the organizational learning. What matters in contemporary management practice is how hidden potentials are set free and how they intrinsically motivate employees according to their personal differences in capabilities. As conative competences are inborn and can not be learned but only encouraged, contrary to cognitive competences, it is important to better understand employees’ personal traitsPosamezniki, njihova znanja, veščine, obnašanja in naravne danosti vplivajo na organizacijsko učenje. Za umestitev individualnega nivoja v organizacijsko učenje predstavljamo koncept organizacijskega miselnega vzorca, ki ga razumemo kot dinamičen koncept, ki se spreminja glede na vpletene ljudi in glede na endogene in eksogene faktorje. Predstavljamo primer treh slovenskih majhnih podjetij s poudarkom na individualnih faktorjih, posebno pa konativnih kompetencah. Konativne kompetence predstavljajo tisti del organizacijskega miselnega vzorca, ki se kot prirojen del človekove osebnosti ne spreminja. Konativne kompetence samo vzpodbujamo, ne moremo pa se jih priučiti, zato bi jih kot take morali tudi upoštevati v organizacijskem učenju. Rezultati raziskave vodijo k zaključku, da bodo osebne lastnosti zaposlenih vplivale na organizacijsko učenje, je pa odprto vprašanje vzročnosti
Marketinško komuniciranje na internetu v šolstvu: študija primera
No full textWorldwide, some 1.32 billon people now use the Internet (Internet World Stats 2007). In the developed countries the Internet is also present in educational institutions; schools use the Internet as a means of communication with their customers. In Slovenia, however, research focusing on Internet marketing communication are rare in the field of education. This paper provides the theoretical framework and the results of the qualitative case study conducted at a school centre in Slovenia in 2005. Data were collected through group interviews and document analysis. The findings support the School Centre teachers’ claim that the Internet does not enable personal contacts and the sensory collection of physical evidence, which are considered to be major disadvantages of Internet marketing communication. The teachers who consider Internet marketing communication to be an advantage stress the importance of virtuality which can function as a simulation of communication in the real world. Their adversaries, on the other hand, stress the importance of the physical world and warn us of the negative sides of virtuality.Internet je prisoten tudi v izobraževalnih organizacijah, saj šole internet uporabljajo med drugim kot komunikacijsko sredstvo med šolo in uporabniki. Ne glede na to, so v slovenskem prostoru raziskave s področja marketinške komunikacije na internetu na področju izobraževanja še zelo redke. Članek podaja teoretična izhodišča in ugotovitve kvalitativne študije primera izvedene na šolskem centru v Sloveniji. Podatki so bili zbrani s skupinskim intervjujem in analizo dokumentov. Ugotovitve kažejo, da učitelji Šolskega centra izpostavljajo slabost marketinške komunikacije na internetu, saj ta ne omogoča osebnih stikov in fizičnih dokazov. Učitelji, ki imajo pozitiven odnos do marketinške komunikacije na internetu, postavljajo v izhodišče virtualnost, znotraj katere iščejo 'rešitve' za čim učinkovitejšo simulacijo marketinške komunikacije v realnem svetu, medtem kot 'nasprotniki' marketinške komunikacije na internetu postavljajo v izhodišče fizični svet in opozarjajo na negativne strani virtualnosti