Organization - Journal of Management, Informatics and Human Resources / Organizacija - Revija za management, informatiko in kadre (University of Maribor)
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Primerjava ravnanja z ljudmi pri delu v slovenskih družinskih in nedružinskih podjetjih
No full textThe room to reach a competitive advantage in today’s dynamic world, companies have in unutilized and even unknown human abilities of own employees. Treatment of people at work in large organizations is well analyzed, but little focus is directed at small and medium-sized enterprises. This is particularly true for family businesses. Small and medium-sized enterprises are largely owned by individual families and are an extremely important part of developed economies. Complexity of internal relationships and interplay between the two systems: families and businesses, which often lead to conflicts in interaction, however, is the reason that many managers and professionals are not willing to work in family businesses. It is justified to set the research question; Are we obligate to treated family businesses as a special case when considering the management of people at work? This paper presents the need to address the family businesses as a special case. In a successful and long living family businesses undoubtedly are closely and carefully working with the employees. It is little known about dealing with people in a Slovenian family businesses and how management practices differ from non-family firms. Based on the study of literature and conclusions from a qualitative empirical study the differences are presented in this article. There are also presented differences in practices of dealing with people at work in foreign and Slovenian non-family and family businesses. At the end there are exposed a good practices of each type of business and recommendations for their use.Manevrski prostor za pridobitev konkurenčnih prednosti podjetja v današnjem dinamičnem svetu je v neizkoriščenih in celo neznanih človeških zmožnostih. Ravnanje z ljudmi pri delu v velikih organizacijah je dobro analizirano, majhen fokus pa je usmerjen na majhna in srednje velika podjetja. To še posebej velja za družinska podjetja. Majhna in srednje velika podjetja so v svetu v veliki meri v lasti posameznih družin in so izredno pomemben del razvitih gospodarstev. Zapletenosti notranjih razmerij in prepletanja dveh sistemov: družine in podjetja, ki nemalokrat v interakciji povzročata konflikte, pa je vzrok, da mnogi managerji in strokovnjaki niso pripravljeni delati v družinskih podjetjih. Tako je upravičeno postaviti raziskovalno vprašanje; Ali naj družinska podjetja obravnavamo kot poseben primer pri proučevanju ravnanja z ljudmi pri delu? V prispevku je predstavljeno, da je potrebno obravnavati družinska podjetja kot poseben primer. Uspešna ter skozi več generacij živeča družinska podjetja nedvomno skrbno ravnajo z zaposlenimi. Malo pa je znanega, kako ravnajo z ljudmi v slovenskih družinskih podjetjih in kako se prakse ravnanja razlikujejo od nedružinskih podjetij. Na podlagi študija literature ter opravljene empirične kvalitativne raziskave so v prispevku predstavljene razlike v praksah ravnanja z ljudmi pri delu v tujih in v slovenskih družinskih in nedružinskih podjetjih ter izpostavljene dobre prakse tako enega kot drugega tipa podjetja in priporočila za njihovo uporabo
Razvoj modela investiranja v IT infrastrukturo z uporabo metod sistemske dinamike
Get PDFThis research paper presents a development of decision support model for investments in IT infrastructure. Using the system dynamics methods the research was made on causal relationship of investments in IT infrastructure and profit. The proposed model represents influences of investments in IT infrastructure on profit through increased strategic flexibility of the company. The presented simulations of the model use different values of external variables and different functional relationships between variables. The present research paper also shows a lack of knowledge in relationships between system variables, which can be overcome with further research, thus improving the quality of the presented model.V članku je z uporabo metod sistemske dinamike predstavljena zasnova modela za podporo odločanju pri investiranju v IT infrastrukturo. Raziskane so vzročno posledične povezave med investicijami v IT in doseženim dobičkom. Z modelom so popisani vplivi investicij v IT infrastrukturo na povečanje dobička preko povečane strateške prožnosti. Predstavljene so simulacije vrednosti dobička pri različnih vrednostih zunanjih spremenljivk in pri različnih funkcijah medsebojnih vplivov spremenljivk. V raziskavi ugotavljamo, da so funkcije medsebojnih vplivov spremenljivk slabo raziskane in da bi njihovo boljše poznavanje bistveno pripomoglo k izboljšanju kvalitete modela
Otroci in virtualna resničnost - nekaj vzgojnih dilem
No full textPossible responses to the extremely complex and delicate question of the influence that «virtual reality» exercises on the development of a child as a unique personality, on the child’s psycho-social development and on the education of a child generally may be provided by serious research of a cohort sequential design, either in research programmes in the field of educational sciences or of other social disciplines. The present paper confronts some dilemmas of the modern world. Particularly those between the «traditional» educational values, «obsolete» families and schools and «progressive» education supplied (imposed) by virtual reality that promotes the social standardization of behaviour and the perception of values and of the world around us. The aggressiveness of the mass media in presenting «virtual reality» as « progressive» and without an «alternative» often results in a virtual life for a child, with virtual friends, education and even virtual families. In the time of developing technology, an important question arises: how to deal with such a situation. Do we direct young people to carefully select from what modern virtual reality has to offer and how do we do that?Možni odgovori na ekstremno, kompleksno in delikatno vprašanje o vplivu virtualnega okolja na otroke kot edinstvene osebnosti, vpliv na njegov psihosocialni razvoj in splošno vzgojo otroka, se lahko pridobijo z resnimi raziskavami, kot je na primer raziskovanje po “cohort sequentional” metodi in z drugimi podobnih raziskavami s področja vzgojnih in drugih družbenih dejavnosti. V spodnjem članku so konfrontirane neke aktualne dileme sodobnega sveta, še posebej s stališča tradicionalnih “zastarelih” vzgojnih vrednot, tako družine kot šole in s stališča “progresivne vzgoje” , ki jo ponuja sodobno virtualno okolje. Konfrontacije se dotikajo socialnih okolij in standardov vedenja s stališča percepcije vrednot sveta in posameznika. Pogoste posledice agresivnih medijev v prikazovanju “progresivnega” vizualnega okolja brez “alternative” ima pogosto za posledico, da otroci živijo v virtualnem svetu, z virtualnimi prijatelji in z virtualno vzgojo in izobraževanjem. Na področju vzgoje se v svetu sodobnih virtualnih ponudb postavlja pomembno vprašanje: kako se obnašati v dani situaciji ali kako mlade usmerjati k selekciji tega, kar jim nudi virtualna resničnost v primerjavi z dejanskim svetom
Notranji pogled na razvoj znamke I feel Slovenia: soustvarjanje njene identitete s pomočjo mnenj strokovnjakov
Get PDFThe paper analyses the internal perspective on developing a new brand for Slovenia, I feel Slovenia. The results of creating the identity of Slovenia from the viewpoint of 30 Slovenian experts are presented. Their opinions were collected as the first step of the whole process in building an identity of Slovenia, conducted in year 2007. We invited experts to express their opinion through Delphi method, which was repeated in two iterations. Results of both iterations are presented in the paper. Experts' opinion from key area presented initial, but extremely important basis in developing identity elements of Slovenian brand. According to their opinion the key idea of brand identity should be related to Slovenian nature, which should be reasonable incorporated also in other brand identity elements.Pričujoči prispevek osvetljuje notranji pogled na razvoj nove znamke Slovenije oz. znamke I feel Slovenia. V danem pogledu predstavljamo rezultate začetnega oblikovanja njene identitete, ki je bila osnovana na podlagi mnenj 30 strokovnjakov, ki smo jih povabili k sodelovanju v okviru izvedene delfi metode. Delfi metoda je bila izvedena v dveh krogih, katerih rezultati so podrobneje predstavljeni v prispevku. Mnenja strokovnjakov s ključnih področij predstavljajo začetno, vendar pomembno osnovo pri postavitvi in oblikovanju identitetnih elementov znamke Slovenije. V kolikor povzamemo le ključno razmišljanje strokovnjakov, lahko rečemo, da mnenje strokovnjakov jasno nakazuje, da je potrebno v izhodišče identitete Slovenije vključiti naravo, nanjo pa navezati tudi ostale pomembne elemente njene identitete
Digitalna kompetenca in njeno izgrajevanje
Get PDFThe renovation of the grammar school curriculum has also introduced the competences into the pre-university level of the common educational system. The article comprises the historical background of the competences and their introduction into the educational system in the USA and Europe. Since the definition of the competences has still not been equally presented in Slovenian professional sphere, the following operative definition provides a basis, comprehended within the renovation of the subject Informatics in the grammar school curriculum and consequently its building and evaluationS prenovo srednjegaizobraževanja so bile tudi v slovensko preduniverzitetno izobraževanje uvedene kompetence. V prispevku je prikazano zgodovinsko ozadje kompetenc in njihovega vpeljevanjav izobraževalni sistem Združenih držav Amerike in Evrope. Ker opredelitev kompetenc v slovenski strokovni javnosti ni povsemenotna, je v nadaljevanju izpostavlje na operativna opredelitev, ki je bila uporabljena pri prenovi predmeta Informatikav gimnazijskem programu in kako je zamišljeno njeno izgrajevanje, vrednotenje ter ocenjevanje
Analiza paketa podatkov - osnovni modeli in njihova uporaba
No full textData Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is a decision making tool based on linear programming for measuring the relative efficiency of a set of comparable units. Besides the identification of relatively efficient and inefficient units, DEA identifies the sources and level of inefficiency for each of the inputs and outputs. This paper is a survey of basic DEA models. The comparison of DEA models is given. The effect of model orientation (input or output) on the efficiency frontier and the effect of convexity requirements on returns to scale are examined. The paper also explains how DEA models can be used to assess the efficiencyAnaliza paketa podatkov (DEA) je orodje za odločanje, ki za merjenje relativne učinkovitosti niza med seboj primerljivih enot uporablja linearno programiranje. Poleg iskanja relativno učinkovitih in neučinkovitih enot, DEA določa vzroke in nivo neučinkovitosti za vsak vhod in izhod. V prispevku je podan pregled osnovnih DEA modelov. Prikazana je primerjava DEA modelov. Preučili smo vpliv orientacije modela (vhod ali izhod) na mejo učinkovitosti in vpliv zahtev na skalo. Prispevek podaja tudi način, kako lahko DEA modele uporabimo za doseganje učinkovitosti
Plačni sistem v zasebnem sektorju v Republiki Sloveniji
No full textIn the article the authors discuss the salary system in the private sector in the Republic of Slovenia. They present relevant legislation dealing with remuneration, in particular the Employment Relations Act, which regulates individual employment relations and in a separate chapter regulates remuneration. Remuneration includes a salary and other additional payments. The authors treat all the components of a salary, i.e. the basic salary, extra payments, the part of the salary based on job performance, and the payment for positive business performance. Other additional payments are payments in kind or in money, in securities, or profit-related pay, i.e. the participation of employees in profit sharing. The authors also treat other income of employees laid down in the Employment Relations Act and collective agreements as well as the reimbursement of expenses related to work. The authors also focus on the obligatory content of an employment contract with reference to remuneration. Finally, they address open issues regarding types of other additional payments and possible solutions for determining individual remuneration instruments in collective agreements and in employment contracts.Avtorji obravnavajo plačni sistem v zasebnem sektorju v Republiki Sloveniji. Predstavljajo plačilo za delo po Zakonu o delovnem razmerju, ki zajema plačo in druge vrste plačil. Nadalje razdelajo posamezne elemente plače: osnovno plačo, dodatke in del plače za delovno ter poslovno uspešnost. Poleg plače zaposleni lahko prejmejo tudi druge vrste plačil, v naravi ali v denarju, v skladu z ureditvijo v kolektivnih pogodbah ali pogodbi o zaposlitvi
Dejavniki trženjskih odnosov v modelu izvedbe storitev v zunanji logistični oskrbi: izbor in opredelitve
Get PDFThe article deals with the variables of logistics outsourcing relationships. Variables such as trust, commitment, communication, cooperation, proactive improvement, organizational learning, opportunism, and conflicts are crucial for developing successful partnerships in logistics. A substantial body of research has made contributions to the question of which variables should be included in relationship research between partners. First, definitions of chosen marketing variables are introduced on the basis of the existent literature in the logistics outsourcing. Then, by offering the most useful definitions, the first step for the research and the empirical testing in logistics outsourcing performance model is set.Prispevek obravnava dejavnike trženjskih odnosov v zunanji logistični oskrbi. Z opredelitvijo dejavnikov trženjskih odnosov, kot so zaupanje, zavezanost, komuniciranje, sodelovanje, inovativno obnašanje, skupno izvajanje in učenje, oportunizem in konfliktnost, predstavimo tiste ključne dejavnike, ki so pomembni tudi za ohranjanje dolgoročnih partnerstev v zunanji logistični oskrbi. Na osnovi ugotovitev iz opravljenih raziskav podamo odgovor na vprašanje, katere dejavnike v odnosu naj raziskovalec upošteva in vključi v raziskavo, da bo zadostil potrebam raziskovalnega vprašanja, kako različni trženjski dejavniki vplivajo na odnos med partnerjema. Pred postavitvijo medsebojnih povezav med dejavniki in oblikovanjem modela, s katerim želimo izmeriti njihov medsebojni vpliv, najprej postavimo izbrane opredelitve trženjskih dejavnikov na osnovi pregleda obstoječe literature o trženjskih dejavnikih v odnosih zunanje logistične oskrbe. Z izbranimi opredelitvami dejavnikov trženjskih odnosov, značilnih za logistične povezave med podjetji v zunanji logistični oskrbi, opravimo prvi korak pri nadaljnjem raziskovanju za potrebe empirične preverbe modela vpliva dejavnikov na uspešnost izvedbe zunanje logistične oskrbe
Hevrističen pristop k uravnavanju zalog z informacijo o razpoložljivosti oskrbe
No full textThere is a growing trend of information sharing within modern supply chains. This trend is mainly stimulated by recent developments in information technology and the increasing awareness that accurate and timely information helps firms cope with volatile and uncertain business conditions. We model a periodic-review, single-item, capacitated stochastic inventory system, where a supply chain member has the ability to obtain advance capacity information (‘ACI’) about future supply capacity availability. ACI is used to reduce the uncertainty of future supply and thus enables the decision-maker to make better ordering decisions. We develop an easily applicable heuristic based on insights gained from an analysis of the optimal policy. In a numerical study we quantify the benefits of ACI and compare the performance of the proposed heuristic with the optimal performance. We illustrate the conditions in which the procedure is working well and comment on its practical applicabilityV sodobnih oskrbnih verigah je v zadnjih dveh desetletjih močno prisoten trend izmenjave informacij, ki omogočajo izboljšanje poslovanja posameznih podjetij, kot tudi celotne oskrbne verige. S pomočjo natančnih in pravočasnih informacij, katerih prenos je z nedavnim razvojem informacijskih tehnologij močno olajšan, se podjetja uspešno spopadajo s spremenljivimi in negotovimi pogoji poslovanja. V članku predstavimo model uravnavanja zalog s periodičnim spremljanjem zalog v pogojih neenakomernega stohastičnega povpraševanja z omejeno zmogljivostjo oskrbe, kjer ima člen oskrbne verige dostop do informacije o razpoložljivosti oskrbe. Informacija o razpoložljivosti oskrbe zmanjša negotovost prihodnje oskrbe in omogoči managerju učinkovitejše naročanje. Na podlagi glavnih vpogledov pridobljenih z analizo optimalne politike naročanja razvijemo praktično uporabno hevristično metodo. Z numerično analizo določimo vrednost informacije o razpoložljivosti oskrbe in prepoznamo scenarije, kjer je ta največja. Ob tem na podlagi primerjave med rezultati optimalne politike naročanja in predlagane hevristike izmerimo natančnost le-te in podamo pogoje, ki morajo biti izpolnjeni, da hevristika doseže želeno natančnost
Sodobni sistemi kategorizacij in kakovost v hotelirstvu - mednarodna primerjalna analiza
Get PDFThe research in the field of the hotel industry has been focused on the so-called technical quality, which comprises according to its characteristics the classification accommodation facilities. The author shows a diversity in classification systems globally and the reasons for it. Following a more detailed definition of the Slovene system, which is formal (however much less than it was before the adoption of the new classification regulation in 2008), there is also a benchmarking study of differences among national systems of Austria, Germany, Great Britain, Ireland and Italy, all the countries considered tourist developed. Various essential organisational and conceptual differences have been identified which show through authorship and custody over the system, membership obligation, control and financing. A diversity among systems means a diversity of hotel products, which is advocated also by organisations such as UN WTO, IH-RA and HOTREC, influential international branch organisations. There are also presented trends connected to quality and classification, such as cessation of law regulation, cessation of administrative procedure, transfer of custodianship to professional organisations, etc. The conclusion emphasises (a) that copying classification systems among countries is not appropriate and useful, (b) that diversity of systems is welcome and (c) that without developed so-called functional quality also quality hotel products cannot be expected.Raziskava na področju hotelirstva je bila osredotočena na t.i. tehnično kakovost, kamor glede na karakteristike uvrščamo kategorizacijo nastanitvenih obratov. Avtor prikaže raznolikost v sistemih kategorizacije v svetovnem merilu in vzroke za to. Po natančnejši opredelitvi slovenskega sistema, ki je formalističen (a veliko manj kot je bil pred sprejemom novega pravilnika o kategorizaciji leta 2008), so primerjalno prikazane še razlike med nacionalnimi sistemi Avstrije, Nemčije, Velike Britanije, Irske in Italije, torej držav, ki jih štejemo kot turistično razvite. Ugotovljene so bistvene organizacijske in konceptualne razlike, ki se kažejo skozi avtorstvo in skrbništvo nad sistemom, obvezno članstvo, kontrolo in financiranje. Različnost med sistemi pomeni različnost hotelskih proizvodov, kar zagovarjajo tudi organizacije kot so UN WTO, IH-RA in HOTREC, ki so vplivne mednarodne branžne organizacije. Prikazani so tudi trendi povezani s kakovostjo in kategorizacijo, kot npr.: opuščanje urejevanja področja z zakoni, opuščanje upravnih postopkov, prenos skrbništva na strokovna združenja itd. V zaključku je izpostavljeno, (a) da kopiranje sistemov kategorizacij med državami ni primerno in koristno, (b) da je različnost sistemov dobrodošla in (c) da brez razvite tudi t.i. funkcionalne kakovosti ni pričakovati kakovostnih hotelskih proizvodov