Organization - Journal of Management, Informatics and Human Resources / Organizacija - Revija za management, informatiko in kadre (University of Maribor)
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Potreba po simulaciji kompleksnih industrijskih sistemov
No full textWe discuss the concept of simulation and its application in the resolution of problems in complex industrial systems. Most problems of serious scale, be it an inventory problem, a production and distribution problem, a management of resources or process improvement, all real world problems require a mix of generic, data algorithmic and Ad-hoc solutions making the best of available information. We describe two projects in which analytical solutions were applied or contemplated. The first case study uses linear programming in the optimal allocation of advertising resources by a major internet service provider. The second study, in a series of projects, analyses options for the expansion of the production and distribution network of mining products, as part of a sensitive strategic business review. Using the examples, we make the case for the need of simulation in complex industrial problems where analytical solutions may be attempted but where the size and complexity of the problem forces a Monte Carlo approach.V članku razpravljamo o konceptu simulacije in njeni uporabi pri obravnavi kompleksnih industrijskih procesov. Večina zapletenih industrijskih problemov, kot so vodenje zalog, proizvodnja in distribucija, upravljanje virov ali izboljšave procesa, zahtevajo kombinacijo različnih metod kot na primer linearno programiranje, ad-hoc algoritmi ali simulacija za reševanje problemov na podlagi razpoložljivih informacij. V članku smo opisali dva projekta kjer smo ubrali analitično pot in kritično razmišljali o njej. V prvem primeru smo uporabili linearno programiranje za optimalno alokacijo marketinških virov za glavnega internetnega ponudnika storitev. Drugi primer sestoji od vrste projektov, kjer analiziramo možnost razširitve proizvodnje in mreže dostave rudarskih izdelkov kot del občutljive strategije poslovne politike podjetja. Na podlagi primerov smo utemeljili potrebo po Monte Carlo simulaciji v kompleksnih industrijskih problemih kot bolj učinkovitega pristopa od analitičnega
Pristop grozda k analizi uporabe ICT storitev
No full textThe paper describes clustered approach to ICT services utilization analysis based on the WSA method. It allows extracting coherent groups of countries with nearly the same level of ICT services utilization based on the number of indicators analyzed. Approach is explained on case of the Czech Republic and its position in the European peloton with using available Eurostat data.Članek opisuje pristop grozda k analizi ICT storitev izhajajoč iz metode WSA. Pristop omogoča, da opredelimo koherentne skupine držav s skoraj enakim nivojem uporabe ICT storitev, pri čemer smo v analizo vključili vrsto indikatorjev. Opisani pristop smo uporabili na primeru Češke republike v Evropi, izhajajoč in podatkov Eurostat-a
Uporaba zabrisanega AHP pristopa za določanje organizacijske strukture z upoštevanjem kontekstualnih dimenzij
No full textThe literature of organizational structure design is relatively rich along with conceptual and complex patterns. This complexity arising from the number of elements and numerous relations in addition to the nature of variables. Thereby, the lack of operational decision-making models is felt to propose adequate structural designs in practice. In this article, the researchers employ a fuzzy multi attribute decision making model (FMADM) to select the most suitable organizational structure based on expert’s judgments and by deploying contextual dimensions of the organization. Since the organizational changes especially in the structural levels are along with resistances among involved staffs, the implementation of this model is a supportive tool in addition to help the managers to make a qualified decision and change.Obstaja Razmeroma veliko literature obravnava načrtovanje organizacijskih struktur, tudi konceptualnih in kompleksnih vzorcev. Razlog za kompleksnost je – poleg same narave spremenljivk – veliko število elementov in povezav med njimi. Zato najdemo malo operativnih modelov za podporo odločanju, ki bi pomagali pri praktičnem načrtovanju ustreznih struktur. V tem članku je predstavljena uporaba zabrisanega (ang. fuzzy) multi-atributnega modela za podporo pri izbiranju najustreznejše organizacijske strukture, izhajajoč iz ekspertnih ocen in upoštevajoč kontekstualne dimenzije organizacije. Ker pri organizacijskih spremembah – še posebej pri tistih na nivoju strukture – pogosto prihaja do odporov zaposlenih, ta model predstavlja orodje za podporo odločanju, ki pomaga managerjem, da sprejemajo boljše odločitve
Emigracija slovenskih znanstvenikov v obdobju 1995–2009 po vrsti raziskovalne organizacije
Get PDFThe paper presents the analysis of the size of emigration and profile of emigrants among Slovenian scientists in the period 1995–2009, by the type of research organisation. The analysis is based on a survey of all research organisations, conducted in 2004 and 2009. The use of the same methodology and questionnaires together with a high response rate enables us to analyse trends: a comparison of the 5-year period following Slovenia's accession to the EU in May 2004 with the 10-year period prior to this event. The size of emigration expressed in relative terms – as a percentage of all researchers employed in organisations-respondents at the time of surveying – does not differ significantly among different types of research organisations; in period 2004-2009 it amounted to some 1% in all cases. On the other hand the profile of emigrants differs in many aspects; however, the common characteristic of emigrants, regardless of the type of research organisation is the decreasing age of emigrants and increasing percentage of those with a Ph.D.Prispevek prikazuje obseg emigracije in značilnosti emigrantov med slovenskimi raziskovalci v obdobju 1995-2009 po vrsti matične raziskovalne organizacije (organizacija zaposlitve pred odhodom v tujino). Temelji na anketiranju vseh raziskovalnih organizacij v Sloveniji, izvedeno pa je bilo v letih 2004 in 2009. Uporaba enake metodologije in vprašalnikov ter velik odziv omogočata analizo trendov: primerjavo petletnega obdobja po vključitvi Slovenije v EU maja 2004 z 10-letnim obdobjem pred tem. Relativno izražen obseg emigracije (kot delež med vsemi raziskovalci v času anketiranja) se med različnimi vrstami organizacij ne razlikuje bistveno (v obdobju 2004-2009 je v vseh vrstah organizacij znašal okoli 1%), emigranti pa se po številnih značilnostih (statistično značilno) razlikujejo. Iz skoraj vseh vrst organizacij pa odhajajo v tujino vse mlajši in vse bolj izobraženi raziskovalci
Uporaba metode FMEA za analizo odpovedi železniške proge
Get PDFIn the paper, the Failure Modes and Effects Analysis-FMEA is described. Four steps of FMEA are presented. The method is applied to the railway line as an important part of the railway traffic system. Each step of FMEA is performed on the rail type 49E1, built in the railway track of open railway line in Slovenian Railways. It has been shown that field data on the railway lines enable quantitative estimation of failure mode criticality for the railway line elements.V prispevku je opisana metoda analize načinov odpovedi in njihovih učinkov FMEA (ang. Failure Modes and Effects Analysis). Predstavljene so štiri faze te metode. Metoda je aplicirana na železniško progo, ki je pomemben del železniškega prometnega sistema. Izvedba posamezne faze je ponazorjena na primeru tirnice sistema 49E1, ki je vgrajena v železniški tir odprte proge v Slovenskih železnicah. Pokazali smo, kako na osnovi podatkov o delovanju proge določimo kvantitativno oceno za kritičnost posameznih načinov odpovedi elementov železniške proge
Trendi v multimedijskem in IKT podprtem izobraževanju
No full textThe formal educational system is facing different problems regarding adaptation towards the needs of a modern knowledge society. In the article, two important and comprehensive challenges to today’s formal educational system are discussed and commented upon. The first problem is the incoherence between the needs of the labor market and formal education system outcomes in terms of graduated students. Another problem is the distancing between the prevailing traditional pedagogical methods within formal educational institutions and the ways in which students acquire information and knowledge outside of the schools as they are becoming less and less interested in traditional lectures. It is argued that specific information and communication system technologies (ICT) supported mechanisms, such as social learning and virtual communities may address these challenges. Theories of communities and social learning that may be useful for implementation in the education system are explained and practical implementation is proposed.Formalni izobraževalni sistemi se v današnjem času srečujejo z različnimi izzivi prilagajanja sodobni družbi znanja. Prispevek obravnava dva ključna izziva, na katera lahko odgovorijo sodobne Informacijske in komunikacijske tehnologije (IKT). Prvi problem je neusklajenost med potrebami današnjega trga dela in formiranimi kadri izobraževalnega sistema. Drugim obravnavani problem predstavlja razkorak med še vedno prevladujočimi frontalnimi metodami podajanja znanja v šolah in načini na katere mladi pridobivajo znanje izven formalnega šolskega sistema, saj se šole srečujejo z težavami v zvezi z motiviranostjo učencev, dijakov in študentov. V prispevku je predstavljena teza, da je oba problema možno nasloviti s smiselno uporabo IKT, predvsem v obliki metod socialnega učenja in z njimi povezanih spletnih skupnosti. Na osnovi teorije spletnih skupnosti in socialnega učenja so v prispevku povzeti mehanizmi in značilnosti, ki so uporabni v formalnem izobraževalnem sistemu, hkrati pa je podan tudi predlog implementacije spletne skupnosti, ki povezuje šolski sektor in poslovni svet, kot tudi izobraževalne skupnosti, namenjene izvedbi učnega procesa v okviru šol ter izven šolskega prostora
Konceptualni pouk fizike v slovenski srednji šoli
No full textIn the last decade, educational researchers have been intensively searching for new, innovative teaching approaches. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has a great didactic potential and project COLOS (Conceptual Learning of Science) encourages the use of ICT in the contemporary educational process. In this paper we present the conceptual learning of Physics. With experimental research we investigated the effectiveness of such learning in Slovenian secondary school. Two groups of third-year students who were enrolled in an introductory Physics course participated in the study. In the experimental group students were taught through the conceptual learning and in the control group a traditional expository instruction was used. We examined the knowledge of students after carrying out lessons specifically on the topic of Electricity. Five thinking processes were assessed – Knowledge (Recall), Analysis, Comparison, Inference and Evaluation. We found that the conceptual learning was more effective than the traditional instruction.V zadnjem desetletju številni raziskovalci na področju izobraževanja iščejo nove, inovativne pristope v poučevanju in učenju, take, ki bodo primernejši za nove generacije dijakov v današnjih šolah. Informacijsko komunikacijska tehnologija (IKT) ima ogromen didaktični potencial in projekt COLOS (Conceptual Learning Of Science) spodbuja uporabo IKT v sodobnem izobraževalnem procesu. V prispevku predstavljamo konceptualno učenje fizike. S pedagoškim eksperimentom smo raziskali učinkovitost takega pouka v slovenski srednji šoli. V raziskavi sta, v okviru učnih ur fizike, sodelovali dve skupini dijakov tretjega letnika gimnazije. Eksperimentalno skupino dijakov smo poučevali skozi konceptualno učenje, v kontrolni skupini dijakov smo uporabili tradicionalne metode poučevanja. Po izvedbi učnih ur, katerih vsebine so zajemale področje Elektrike, smo znanje dijakov ocenili. Preverjali smo pet miselnih procesov dijakov – poznavanje, analizo, sklepanje, primerjavo in ovrednotenje. Ugotovili smo, da je bilo konceptualno učenje učinkovitejše od tradicionalnega pouka
Kompetence slovenskih managerjev in organizacijska struktura
Get PDFThe purpose of this paper is to present the significance and the role of competences of the leading Slovenian managers and their connection to modern forms of organization. In the paper we present the results of the research that has been carried out on the sample of leading managers of Slovenian middle and big companies with which we have tried to establish statistical connection and influence of managerial competences on the choice of organizational structure. We have focused on the significance and the role of managerial skills (soft skills). Based on the results of the questionnaire, answered by 102 Slovenian leading managers, we establish that managerial competences are statistically characteristically less developed in managers leading their companies with traditional functional organizational structures. Findings of the research are of importance for all dealing with planning, organization, management and control of organizations.Namen prispevka je predstaviti pomen in vlogo kompetenc vodilnih slovenskih managerjev in njihovo povezanost s sodobnimi oblikami organiziranosti. V prispevku podajamo izide kvantitativne raziskave, ki smo jo opravili med vodilnimi managerji v slovenskih srednje velikih in velikih podjetjih. Ugotavljali smo statistično povezanost in vpliv managerskih kompetenc na izbiro organizacijske strukture. Pri tem smo se osredotočili na pomen in vlogo »mehkih«, vodstvenih veščin, t. i. soft skills. Na podlagi analize raziskave, v kateri je sodelovalo 102 slovenskih vrhovnih managerjev, ugotavljamo, da so managerske kompetence statistično značilno manj razvite pri managerjih, ki vodijo podjetja s tradicionalnimi, funkcijskimi organizacijskimi strukturami. Teoretične in praktične ugotovitve iz raziskave so koristne za vse tiste, ki se ukvarjajo z načrtovanjem, organiziranjem, vodenjem in nadzorovanjem v podjetjih in drugih organizacijah
Večparadigmatska raziskava organizacijske kulture: Predstavitev kompleksnostne paradigme
No full textThe author presents multiple paradigm research into the organisational culture of a birdwatching association, where he conducted his ethnographic research. On top of the functionalist, interpretive, radical structuralist and radical humanist paradigms as presented by Gibson Burrell and Gareth Morgan, he applies the fifth paradigm into the analysis of the organisation. The so-called complexity paradigm, which was formed in 1980's based on findings about complex systems and networks that emerged in natural and social sciences, summarizes all other paradigms, integrating them into a coherent unit. According to the author, the approach that exploits the benefits of each previously known paradigm illustrates comprehensively the complexity of organisational cultures, whereas the new paradigm upgrades our previous knowledge on organisations.Avtor predstavi večparadigmatsko raziskavo organizacijske kulture v slovenskem ornitološkem društvu, kjer je od leta 2006 do 2008 izvajal etnografsko raziskavo. Poleg funkcionalistične, interpretivistične, radikalno-strukturalistične in radikalno-humanistične paradigme, ki sta jih predstavila Gibson Burrell in Gareth Morgan, uvede pri analizi te organizacije še peto, kompleksnostno paradigmo, ki se je na podlagi naravoslovnih in družboslovnih odkritij o kompleksnih sistemih in omrežjih oblikovala v osemdesetih letih 20. stoletja in povzema vse ostale paradigme ter jih povezuje v celoto. Avtor trdi, da lahko s takšnim pristopom, pri katerem izrabimo prednosti vsake od štirih doslej znanih paradigem, celovito prikažemo kompleksnost organizacijskih kultur, s kompleksnostno paradigmo pa nadgradimo dosedanje védenje o organizacijah
Menedžment inovativnosti in sistem koristnih predlogov
No full textInnovation management is one of the most important tasks for managers in order to make their organizations successful and efficient. A part of this ranges from innovative employee ideas for small everyday improvements up to innovations that bring enormous savings. The survey tries to determine which factors influence the number of innovative ideas and to propose methods for improvements in this area. The basic research method used was a questionnaire, which helped us gather data and the basic method used for data processing was statistical analysis. First, we established that there is a progressive correlation between the number of innovative ideas submitted in the past and the number of anticipated innovative ideas in the future. Second, we established that the following three factors have an impact on innovation and creativity: (1) work and education; (2) working and living conditions; and (3) rewards and payment. Finally, we have established that there is a correlation between satisfaction with the rewards and payment factor and the current life-cycle stage of organization. To summarize, the level of innovation and creativity of employees is influenced by their overall satisfaction in an organization.Menedžment inovativnosti je ena najpomembnejših nalog vodij za zagotavljanje uspešnosti in učinkovitosti organizacij; in pomemben del tega so koristni predlogi vseh zaposlenih – od majhnih vsakodnevnih izboljšav do inovacij z velikimi prihranki. Cilj raziskave je ugotoviti od česa je odvisno predlagano število koristnih predlogov in podati predloge za izboljšanje stanja na tem področju. Osnovna uporabljena raziskovalna metoda je anketa – s katero smo zbrali podatke –, osnovno orodje za obdelavo le-teh pa statistična analiza. Prva ugotovitev je, da obstaja progresivna korelacija med številom predlaganih koristnih predlogov v preteklosti in pričakovanim številom le-teh v prihodnosti. Druga ugotovitev je, da na inovativnost in kreativnost vplivajo trije dejavniki: (1) delo in izobraževanje; (2) pogoji za delo in življenje in (3) nagrade in plače. Zadnja ugotovitev je, da obstaja korelacija med zadovoljstvom z dejavnikom nagrade in plače, in fazo razvoja organizacije. Na koncu lahko zaključimo, da je stopnja inovativnosti in kreativnosti zaposlenih povezana z njihovim splošnim zadovoljstvom v organizaciji