Organization - Journal of Management, Informatics and Human Resources / Organizacija - Revija za management, informatiko in kadre (University of Maribor)
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GEPSUS: Sistem za odločanje pri nesrečah onesnaženja zraka na osnovi simulacije
No full textWe describe a GIS-based real-time system for emergency response and management of air pollution accidents in an urban area. The system architecture emphasises the integration of meteorological, chemical and GIS data, dispersion modeling, decision-making and geo-spatial visualization. The threat zones, unsafe areas and safe traffic routes are obtained using an improved Gaussian plume model with a decision-making module and then exported to the Google Earth browser via “kml” file format. Several simulation scenarios were conducted and verified for notable industrial sites in Montenegro using recorded meteorological data. The results demonstrate that emergency response authorities can use the proposed methodology and system as a cost effective and accurate support tool in case of industrial or deliberate air pollution incidents.V članku je opisan sistem za odzivanje na tveganja, ki jih povzroči nenadzorovan izpust nevarnih plinov v ozračje v urbanem okolju. Sistem temelji na GIS tehnologiji in deluje v realnem času. Arhitektura sistema poudarja integracijo meteoroloških, kemijskih in GIS podatkov, modelov disperzije in odločanje ter geo-prostorsko vizualizacijo. Ogrožena področja, nevarna področja in varne prometne poti se določajo na osnovi izpopolnjenega Gausovega modela izpusta z modulom za odločanje. Podatki se nato izvozijo v Google Earth brkljalnik s pomočjo datotek formata »kml«. Izvedenih je bilo več simulacijskih scenarijev, verificirani so bili na pomembnih industrijskih lokacijah v Črni gori, pri čemer so bili uporabljeni registrirani meteorološki podatki. Rezultati kažejo, da bi državni organi, ki so zadolženi za odzivanje na nevarnosti, pri industrijskih ali namernih izpustih nevarnih snovi v ozračje lahko uporabili predlagano metodologijo in sistem, kot ustrezno, cenovno ugodno in natančno orodje
Teoretični pomen Sun Cujeve umetnosti vojne za vodenje
No full textWe present a study of the Art of War from a leadership perspective, one in which we make a closer connection to the context of general organization and management. The Art of War written by Sun Tzu is one of those books that could be classified in the genre of pop-culture. Although its content used to be considered as a carefully protected state secret in the past, it is now available to everyone. Its use has in the past century of moved from warfare also to other areas of human activity. Strategic advices that it contains can be used in many more areas than just the conduct in the times of war. In fact, the success in wars, as well as in business, of course, depends on leadership, which is why we identify the positive and negative attributes of a leader in relation to strategic leadership. People are those who fight in battles and are also those who win them; and the most important person in every battle is the general. Historically, a number of successful military commanders ascribe the credit for their victories to Sun Tzu’s principles. In addition, this wisdom is now being examined and used by senior executives from all around the world, especially in Asia, because it can be utilized in many business and political situations. The Chinese classic “The Art of War” is still considered as one of the most influential and important works on strategy, why a discussion on theoretical and practical implications of Sun Tzu’s strategic leadership theory in a global environment is also included.V članku je predstavljen voditeljski vidik Umetnosti vojne, ki to kitajsko klasiko umešča v kontekst splošnega managementa in organizacije. Sun Cujeva Umetnost vojne je ena tistih knjig, ki jih lahko uvrstimo v žanr pop kulture. Čeprav je bila njena vsebina v preteklosti skrbno varovana kot državna skrivnost, pa je danes dostopna širšim množicam. V preteklem stoletju se je njena uporaba iz vojskovanja prenesla tudi še na ostala področja človeškega delovanja. Strateški nasveti, ki jih vsebuje, so namreč uporabni ne le za vojskovanje, pač pa tudi v mnogih drugih primerih. Tako v vojni, kot tudi v poslu, je uspeh seveda odvisen od vodenja, zato so v članku identificirane pozitivne in negativne lastnosti vodje v povezavi s strateškim vodenjem. Ljudje so tisti, ki bijejo in zmagujejo bitke; najpomembnejša oseba vsake bitke pa je gotovo general. Medtem ko je množica uspešnih vojskovodij v preteklosti zasluge za svoje zmage pripisovala sledenju Sun Cujevim načelom, pa danes te modrosti preučujejo in uporabljajo vodstveni delavci širom sveta, še posebej v Aziji. Zaradi široke uporabe the načel v mnogih poslovnih in političnih situacijah je Umetnost vojne še vedno smatrana kot ena najvplivnejših in najpomembnejših del na temo strategije. V članku sta zato predstavljena teoretični ter praktični pomen teorije Sun Cujevega strateškega vodenja v globalnem okolju
Razlike med povpraševanjem in dejanskim znanjem informatikov na trgu dela v Češki republiki
No full textGlobal changes in the information society are placing ever greater emphasis on professionals in all areas of human activity and in the area of ICT (Information and Communications Technology) especially. This article provides methodology how to measure knowledge level requirements on ICT specialists in business, ICT and non ICT skills in graduates of tertiary education level. It shows also an example of data collecting in academic sphere and among business unites. Practical experiences from the five years research are presented at the end of in this ontribution. These results are successfully applied for human resource management and innovation management in competences of ICT professionals in small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the Czech Republic.Globalne spremembe v informacijski družbi vse bolj vplivajo na zaposlene na vseh področjih človekove dejavnosti, še posebej na področju informacijske in komunikacijske tehnologije (IKT). Članek predstavi metodologijo kako meriti raven zahtevanega znanja in spretnosti informatikov na področju IKT in na drugih zahtevanih področjih, in znanja diplomiranih diplomantov na čeških univerzah. Predstavljeno je tudi zbiranje ustreznih podatkov na univerzah in v podjetjih. Ugotovitve raziskave se koristno uporabljajo v kadrovskem managementu in managementu IKT kompetenc informatikov majhnih in srednje velikih podjetjih v Češki republiki
Organizacijski in poslovni vidiki slovenskih hitro rastočih podjetij
Get PDFThis article deals with organizational and business global marketing activities of Slovenian small and medium-sized fast growing companies. The purpose of this article is to show whether the studied companies are focused on international global markets, the ways of tackling it, in what extent, under what conditions, etc. The aim is to highlight the key steps of in the construction of their global image. The key findings of the research, conducted by online survey questionnaire on a random selected sample of 230 small and medium-sized Slovenian enterprises, can serve domestic (mostly small) companies by choosing their business model to expand in selected foreign markets. With the established guidelines, companies can ensure greater transparency and professionalism of the steps in the process of international business - from first steps to the final transfer of their business to foreign target market.Članek obravnava organizacijske in poslovne globalne tržne aktivnosti slovenskih malih in srednje velikih hitro rastočih podjetij. Namen članka je na podlagi izsledkov izvedene raziskave prikazati, ali so slovenska preučevana podjetja usmerjena na mednarodne globalne trge, na kakšne načine se tega lotevajo,v kakšnem obsegu, pod kakšnimi pogoji, itd. Cilj članka je prikazati ključne korake pri izgradnji globalne podobe podjetja. Izsledki ter ugotovitve raziskave, izvedene s spletnim anketnim vprašalnikom na naključnem izbranem vzorcu 230-ih malih in srednje velikih slovenskih podjetij, lahko služijo domačim (predvsem malim) podjetjem ob odločitvi za širitev svojega poslovanja na tuje izbrane trge. Z ugotovljenimi smernicami si lahko podjetja zagotovijo večjo preglednost ter profesionalizacijo korakov v procesu mednarodnega poslovanja – od prvih korakov do končnega prenosa poslovanja na tuji izbrani trg
Upravljanje storitev IT: usklajevanje dobre prakse z metodo kakovosti
No full textManaging information technology services is becoming an increasingly difficult task. To support the management of IT services, different standards and methodologies have been developed. ITIL (short for IT Infrastructure Library) is the most commonly used best practice approach to effective IT Service Management to date. ITIL focuses primarily on what to do in order to ensure value of IT services, but it does not explain how to achieve this effectively. This shortcoming can be overcome by complementing the framework with other quality approaches to service management. In this context several methodologies are mentioned including the use of Six Sigma (6s) methodology. The statistical nature of the Six Sigma methodology enables us to analyze the vast amount of data gathered from the field of IT. Only after these value-based metrics are obtained can the overall health of the IT service be determined and the necessary improvement measures made. The aim of this paper is to analyze in detail the two approaches. We will establish a common link between them, with it the opportunity to complement ITIL with the Six Sigma methodology, and consequently set foundations for introduction of necessary measurable changes.Upravljanje storitev informacijske tehnologije postaja vse bolj zahtevna naloga. V podporo upravljanju so se razvili različni standardi in metodologije. ITIL (krajše za IT Infrastructure Library) je najpogosteje uporabljen pristop t.i. dobre prakse za učinkovito upravljanje storitev IT. ITIL se osredotoča predvsem na vprašanje, kaj storiti, da zagotovimo učinkovite storitve IT, ne pojasni pa kako to doseči. To pomanjkljivost je mogoče odpraviti z dopolnitvijo okvira tudi z drugimi kakovostnimi pristopi upravljanja storitev. V tem kontekstu se omenja več metodologij, vključno uporaba Six Sigme (6s). Statistični narava metodologije Six Sigma omogoča analiziranje obsežne količine podatkov, zbranih s področja IT. Šele na osnovi meritev lahko nato določimo splošno zdravje storitev IT in izvedemo potrebne ukrepe za izboljšavo. Namen prispevka je podrobno analizirati oba pristopa. Vzpostavili bomo skupno vez med njima in s tem tudi možnost dopolnitve ITIL s Six Sigmo, ter posledično določili temelje za uvedbo potrebnih merljivih sprememb
Odpoved certificiranja sistemov managementa: morebitno zgodnje opozorilo?
No full textThe paper presents the dynamics in number of top management system certificates (ISO 9001, ISO 14001) focusing on the situation in Slovenia in the last two years when a significant increase of cancelled certificates was noticeable. We studied this phenomenon in order to find out its reasons and effects on the performance of the organizations. Some recognized relations between quality management systems and company performance from literature review were used for setting hypotheses which were analytically proved. We assumed that quitting management system certificates was related to decrease in business performance. Empirical part of our research was based on the data of Slovenian certification bodies and on published annual financial reports of Slovenian organizations. In the survey some characteristics and performance of the organizations which gave up certification were analysed. We came to interesting findings that cancelling certificates was related to decrease in business performance and often even to closing of organizations. The downsizing of the business was increasing through the time. So, 2 years after cancelling certificates only 8% of the organizations still present growth in their income and revenue, besides almost 40% of them quit or would have to quit their business. It was also found out that the business performance after cancellation of the certificates was related to the business performance before it and to the reason for cancellation as well. Two years after cancellation there was a 3-times higher proportion of failed organizations (= 45% of previously non-profitable organizations) among the organizations that had operated at a loss before the cancellation of their certificates, compared to those previously having a profit. Among the claimed reasons for certificate cancellation organizational changes (in 35% of all the organizations losing certificates) and cancellation of certificates by certification bodies (in 41% of these organizations) were the most common ones related to the failure of these organizations.Članek prikazuje dinamiko pridobivanja najbolj razširjenih certifikatov za sisteme managementa (ISO 9001, ISO 14001). Pri tem se osredotoča na situacijo v Sloveniji v zadnjih dveh letih, ko je bila opazna občutna rast števila razveljavljenih certifikatov. Ta pojav smo proučevali z namenom, da bi ugotovili njegove razloge in učinke na poslovanje organizacij. Nekatere povezave med sistemi managementa kakovosti in uspešnostjo poslovanja podjetij, prepoznane iz proučevanja literature, smo uporabili za postavitev hipotez. Predvidevali smo, da je odvzem certifikatov za sisteme managementa povezan s padanjem uspešnosti poslovanja. Hipoteze smo tudi analitično preizkusili. Empirični del raziskave je temeljil na podatkih slovenskih certifikacijskih hiš in na javno objavljenih letnih finančnih poročilih slovenskih organizacij. V analizo so bile zajete organizacije, ki so se odpovedale nadaljnjemu certificiranju. Proučevane so bile nekatere njihove lastnosti in uspešnost poslovanja. Prišli smo do zanimivih ugotovitev, da je ukinitev certifikatov povezana s padcem uspešnosti poslovanja in pogosto celo z ukinitvijo organizacij. Opazno je bilo, da se padec poslovanja s časom povečuje. Tako je po 2 letih po ukinitvi certifikatov samo 8% organizacij še izkazovalo rast poslovnega izida in dohodkov iz poslovanja, poleg tega je skoraj 40% organizacij prenehalo poslovati oz. so na tem, da to storijo. Prav tako je bilo ugotovljeno, da je uspešnost poslovanja po odpovedi certifikatov povezana z uspešnostjo poslovanja pred tem in z razlogom za odpoved. Med organizacijami, ki so pred tem poslovale z izgubo, je bil v primerjavi s tistimi, ki so prej izkazovale dobiček, v 2 letih po odpovedi certifikatov 3-krat večji delež (= 45% teh organizacij) takih, ki so prenehale poslovati. Najpogostejši razlogi, ki so pripeljali do prenehanja poslovanja, so bile organizacijske spremembe (pri 35% od vseh organizacij, ki so izgubile certifikate) in ukinitev certifikatov s strani certifikacijske hiše (pri 41% od vseh organizacij, ki so izgubile certifikate)
Asimetrični in nelinearni vpliv determinant zadovoljstva na skupno zadovoljstvo strank na primeru dejavnosti servisiranja vozil štirih evropskih znamk avtomobilov v Sloveniji
No full textThe paper examines the nonlinearity and asymmetry between the satisfaction with individual attributes of the service and overall satisfaction in the context of passenger car servicing in Slovenia. The data set that was analysed was acquired from a regular survey on customer satisfaction with vehicle repair and maintenance services of four European automotive brands in Slovenia, carried out in 2005 and 2006 through 12,941 computer-assisted telephone interviews. Specifically, this study utilizes regression analysis in order to test the asymmetry and nonlinearity of the link between the attribute-level performance and overall satisfaction. The results show that the influence of dissatisfaction is different from the influence of satisfaction, and that the influence of satisfaction on overall satisfaction is greater than the influence of dissatisfaction. The results also show that nonlinearity is applicable to certain attributes of vehicle servicing, but not to all. We can sum up that precise knowledge of the correlation between the attribute-level performance of vehicle servicing and overall service satisfaction is important. Results show that caution must be employed in the evaluation of the importance of individual attributes on overall satisfaction, since the importance can change depending on the level of satisfaction. It appears that focusing on improving satisfaction is more important than focusing on lessening dissatisfaction. Results also show that the improvement of attribute-level performance offers diminishing returns; therefore, selective investment in activities for increasing customer satisfaction is sensible if satisfaction levels are already relatively high.V raziskavi je bila na podlagi rezultatov rednega merjenja zadovoljstva strank s servisnimi storitvami v trgovski in servisni mreži štirih evropskih avtomobilskih znamk v Sloveniji v letih 2005 in 2006 s pomočjo 12.941 računalniško podprtih telefonskih intervjujev izvedena analiza nelinearnosti in asimetričnosti med zadovoljstvom s posameznim elementom storitve in zadovoljstvom s storitvijo v celoti. Uporabljena je bila metoda, ki vključuje ločitev vrednosti zadovoljstva na zadovoljstvo in nezadovoljstvo, logaritmično transformacijo posameznih vrednosti, izračun linearnih regresij ter primerjavo linearnega in logaritmično transformiranega modela. Rezultati kažejo, da nezadovoljstvo vpliva drugače kot zadovoljstvo, ter da je vpliv zadovoljstva na zadovoljstvo s celokupno storitvijo večji od vpliva nezadovoljstva. Izkazalo se je tudi, da je za določene elemente servisne storitve predpostavka nelinearnosti povezave velja, vendar pa ne za vse. Povzamemo lahko, da je pomembno natančno poznavanje povezave med zadovoljstvom strank s posameznimi elementi servisne storitve in zadovoljstvom s storitvijo v celoti. Rezultati kažejo, da je potrebna previdnost pri vrednotenju pomena posameznih dejavnikov za skupno zadovoljstvo, saj se pomen lahko z ravnjo zadovoljstva spreminja. Zdi se, da je bolj smiselno osredotočeno usmerjanje ukrepov na povečanje zadovoljstva kot v zmanjševanje nezadovoljstva. Rezultati prav tako kažejo, da je zaradi pojemajočega vpliva povečevanja zadovoljstva s posameznimi elementi storitve ob hkratnem naraščanju stroškov smiselna selektivnost pri investicijah v dejavnosti za dvig zadovoljstva strank, če je to zadovoljstvo že na relativno visokem nivoju
Primerjalna analiza sodelovalnega učenja in učenja, podprtega s simulacijskimi modeli v sistemih upravljanja
No full textPurpose of the study is to compare two different approaches to the collaborative problem solving one in a highly controlled laboratory experiment: Optimisation of business politics using business simulator at different experimental condition which reflect different feedback information structure and one in a collaborative environment of the social media, characterised by non-structured, rule-free and even chaotic feedback information. Comparative analyses of participant’s opinion who participate in experiments have been considered in order to find common characteristics relevant for group/collaborative problem solving. Based on these findings a general explanatory causal loop model of collaborative learning during problem solving was built.Namen raziskave je primerjati različna pristopa k skupinskemu reševanju problemov, enega v strogo nadzorovanem laboratorijskem posksu (optimizacija poslovne strategije z uporabo poslovnega simulatorja pri različnih poskusnih pogojih) ter durgega v sodelovalnem okolju družabnih omrežij, za katerega sta značilna odsotnost pravil ter nestrukturirana povratna informacija. Primerjalna analiza mnenj udeležencev, ki so sodelovali v obeh poskusih, je bila opravljena z namenom identifikacije splošnih značilnosti, ki vplivajo na sodelovalno reševanje problemov. Na podlagi izsledkov primerjalne analize smo razvili splošen vzročno posledični model, ki pojasnjuje sodelovalno učenje v procesu reševanja problema
Virtualni laboratorij pri pouku kemije – eksperimentalna študija razumevanja, reprodukcije in uporabe osvojenega znanja
No full textTraditional teaching does not often allow very active involvement of pupils in class. In chemistry and natural sciences in general experimental and laboratory work is one of the most effective methods for acquiring knowledge. Experimental work can also be exercised using virtual world. Virtual laboratory offers some important advantages. Understanding chemistry involves the ability of cognitive comprehension on three levels: the macroscopic level, the symbolic level and the level of particles where the virtual laboratory can be an effective tool. On this basis a didactic experiment was performed in order to verify the effectiveness of virtual laboratory from pupils’ knowledge point of view. The experiment involved seventh grade pupils (N = 38). Furthermore, we tried to answer the question whether the learning results of pupils, according to the experimental design of classes using a virtual laboratory, are better than results gained through teaching classical science classes without visualization tools. The research of the didactic experiment carried out on a relatively small, pilot sample of pupils has shown that acquiring knowledge is more effective when using the virtual laboratory instead of classical teaching (in the case when classical approach does not include visualization elements crucial for learning and understanding chemistry).Tradicionalni pouk pogosto ne omogoča aktivnejše vloge učenca pri pouku. V kemiji in naravoslovnih vedah nasploh je eksperimentalno in laboratorijsko delo eno izmed najučinkovitejših metod za pridobivanje znanja. Eksperimentalno delo lahko izvajamo tudi v virtualnem svetu. Virtualni laboratorij prinaša nekatere pomembne prednosti. Razumevanje kemije vključuje sposobnost razmišljanja na treh nivojih: makroskopskem nivoju, simbolnem nivoju in nivoju delcev, kjer kot učinkovito orodje lahko uporabimo virtualni laboratorij. Na tej osnovi smo izvedli didaktični eksperiment, da bi preverili učinkovitost uporabe virtualnega laboratorija, in sicer z vidika znanja učencev. V eksperiment so bili vključeni učenci 7. razreda (N = 38). Ob tem smo si zastavili vprašanje, ali so učni rezultati učencev po eksperimentalni zasnovi pouka z virtualnim laboratorijem boljši kot pouk naravoslovja brez vizualizacijskih elementov. Rezultati didaktičnega eksperimenta so pokazali, da je z vidika osvajanja znanja uporaba virtualnega laboratorija učinkovitejša kot pouk, kjer niso vključeni vizualizacijski elementi, ki so ključni pri učenju in razumevanju kemije