Organization - Journal of Management, Informatics and Human Resources / Organizacija - Revija za management, informatiko in kadre (University of Maribor)
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Ostrakizem na delovnem mestu kot posredna spremenljivka v odnosu med paradoksalnim vedenjem voditeljev in organizacijsko inertnostjo
No full textBackground and Purpose: Many organizations suffer from an increased in the paradoxical behaviours of leaders, leading to followers to feel lonely and the workplace ostracism, which negatively effects the emergence of organizational inertia. The main purpose of this study is to examine direct and indirect effect of paradoxical leader behaviours on organizational inertia through the mediating role of the workplace ostracism.
Design/Methodology/Approach: Using the convenience sampling technique, a self-administered survey was conducted at the level of a sample (n = 564) of employees in the factories of the State Company for Textile and Leather Industry in Iraq. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was employed to test the proposed research model using the AMOS v.24 software.
Results: The findings revealed that paradoxical leader behaviours have a significant effect on workplace ostracism and organizational inertia. Further, workplace ostracism significant effect on organizational inertia. In addition, the study empirically supports the mediating effect of workplace ostracism on the relationship between paradoxical leader behaviours and organizational inertia.
Conclusion: When paradoxical behaviours arise in the behaviour of an organization’s leaders, it will have an influence on the emergence of workplace ostracism amongst employees, hence the subsequent emergence of organizational inertia in general in the work environment. Based on these results, this study should be of help to leaders in avoiding paradoxical behaviours in terms of maintaining a certain equilibrium in dealing with employees to find a positive work environment that reduces staff ostracism, and thus organizational inertia.
Key words: Paradoxical Leader Behaviours, Workplace Ostracism, Organizational InertiaOzadnje in namen: Mnoge organizacije se soočajo s povečanim paradoksalnim vedenjem vodilnih, kar vodi v ostrakizem na delovnem mestu in posledično negativno vpliva na pojav organizacijske inertnostoi. Glavni namen te študije je preučiti neposreden in posreden vpliv paradoksalnega vedenja voditeljev na organizacijsko na inertnost prek posredniškega vpliva ostrakizma na delovnem mestu.
Zasnova / metodologija / pristop: S tehniko naključnega vzorčenja je bila na ravni vzorca (n = 564) zaposlenih v tovarnah Državnega podjetja za tekstilno in usnjarsko industrijo v Iraku izvedena anketa. Za testiranje predlaganega raziskovalnega modela smo uporabili programsko opremo AMOS v.24 pri modeliranju strukturnih enačb (SEM).
Rezultati: Pokazalo se je, da paradoksalno vedenje vodilnih pomembno vpliva na ostrakizem na delovnem mestu in na organizacijsko vztrajnost. Nadalje, ostrakizem na delovnem mestu pomembno vpliva na organizacijsko vztrajnost. Poleg tega raziskava empirično podpira posredni učinek ostrakizma na delovnem mestu na odnos med paradoksalnim vedenjem vodje in organizacijsko inertnostjo.
Zaključek: Ko se pri vodilnih v organizaciji pojavi paradoksalno vedenje, bo to vplivalo na nastanek ostrakizma na delovnem mestu med zaposlenimi, s tem pa tudi na pojav organizacijske inertnosti na splošno v delovnem okolju. Na podlagi teh rezultatov naj bi ta študija pomagala voditeljem pri izogibanju paradoksalnega vedenja v smislu ohranjanja določenega ravnovesja pri ravnanju z zaposlenimi, da bi vzpostavili pozitivno delovno okolje, ki zmanjšuje ostrakizem osebja in s tem organizacijsko vztrajnost.
Ključne besede: paradoksalno vedenje voditeljev, ostrakizem na delovnem mestu, organizacijska inertnost
Konceptualni model ključnih kompetenc v proizvodnih procesih pametnih tovarn
No full textBackground and Purpose: The aim of the study is to develop a conceptual key competency model for smart factories in production processes, focused on the automotive industry, as innovation and continuous development in this industry are at the forefront and represent the key to its long-term success. Methodology: For the purpose of the research, we used a semi-structured interview as a method of data collection. Participants were segmented into three homogeneous groups, which are industry experts, university professors and secondary education teachers, and government experts. In order to analyse the qualitative data, we used the method of content analysis. Results: Based on the analysis of the data collected by structured interviews, we identified the key competencies that workers in smart factories in the automotive industry will need. The key competencies are technical skills, ICT skills, innovation and creativity, openness to learning, ability to accept and adapt to change, and various soft skills. Conclusion: Our research provides insights for managers working in organisations that are transformed by Industry 4.0. For instance, human resource managers can use our results to study what competencies potential candidates need to perform well on the job, particularly in regards to planning future job profiles in regards related to production processes. Moreover, they can design competency models in a way that is coherent with the trends of Industry 4.0. Educational policy makers should design curricula that develop mentioned competencies. In the future, the results presented here can be compared and contrasted with findings obtained by applying other empirical methods. Keywords: competencies, conceptual key competency model, smart factory, Industry 4.0, automotive industryOzadnje in namen: Namen raziskave je oblikovati konceptualni model ključnih kompetenc v proizvodnih procesih pametnih tovarn. V raziskavi smo se osredotočili na proučevanje avtomobilske industrije, saj sta inovativnost in nenehni razvoj v tej industriji v ospredju in predstavljata ključ dolgoročne uspešnosti panoge.
Metodologija: Podatke smo zbrali s pomočjo metode polstrukturiranega intervjuja. Vzorec udeležencev raziskave je namenski, vključeval je tri homogene skupine strokovnjakov, to so poznavalci teme iz industrije, izobraževanja in ministrstev. Za analizo kvalitativnih podatkov smo uporabili metodo analize vsebine.
Rezultati: Na podlagi analize podatkov smo opredelili ključne kompetence, ki jih bodo delavci v proizvodnih procesih pametnih tovarn avtomobilske industrije potrebovali. Ključne kompetence so tehnične znanja in spretnosti, IKT znanja, inovativnost in ustvarjalnost, odprtost za učenje ter sposobnost sprejemanja in prilagajanja spremembam.
Zaključek: Rezultati naše raziskave nudijo vpogled za managerje, ki delajo v organizacijah, na katere močno vplivajo spremembe, ki jih prinaša Industrija 4.0. Strokovnjaki na kadrovskem področju lahko pridobijo koristne informacije za načrtovanje bodočih delovnih mest v proizvodnih procesih glede kompetenc, ki jih bodo zaposleni potrebovali za svoje delo. Poleg tega lahko oblikujejo kompetenčne modele na način, ki je skladen s trendi Industrije 4.0. Oblikovalci izobraževalne politike bi morali oblikovati učne načrte, ki razvijajo omenjene kompetence. Za nadaljnja raziskovanja predlagamo, da se predstavljene rezultate primerja z ugotovitvami, pridobljenimi z drugimi empiričnimi metodami.
Ključne besede: kompetence, konceptualni model ključnih kompetenc, pametna tovarna, Industrija 4.0, avtomobilska industrij
Povezanost delovnega področja in delovne dobe z zdravstvenim absentizmom v javni upravi
No full textBackground and Purpose: Statistics of sickness absenteeism in public administration in Slovenia is considerably higher (7.1% in 2018) than the percentage that applies for the whole of Slovenia (4.5% in 2018). The data also shows a similar pattern in the public sector in other countries. According to that, the main purpose of our research is to investigate the connection between fields of work, years of service, and sickness absenteeism in public administration in Slovenia.
Methodology: Research data was collected with the help of an online questionnaire, which was designed for empirical research and consisted of several sets of questions. The collected data was processed using the SPSS statistical program.
Results: The research was conducted in 2015 in public administration institutions, and 3,220 employees from public administration were included in our research sample. The results of the research show that there is a statistically significant connection between sickness absenteeism in public administration and years of service and the field of work of employees in public administration.
Conclusion: The survey helps us to understand the connection between sickness absenteeism and years of service and field of work of employees in public administration. With regard to the results, it would be reasonable to adopt measures focused on groups of employees in public administration (older employees with a greater length of service, employed officials and professional-technical public employees) where sickness absence may be reduced. Sickness absenteeism in these groups of employees could be reduced by providing employees better leadership and conditions for satisfaction in the workplace.
Keywords: sickness absenteeism, public administration, years of service, field of workOzadnje in namen: Statistični podatki kažejo, da je zdravstveni absentizem v javni upravi v Sloveniji bistveno višji (7,1% v letu 2018) od odstotka, ki velja za celotno Slovenijo (4,5% v letu 2018). Podatki prav tako kažejo podoben vzorec tudi v javnem sektorju v drugih državah. Glede na tovrstne statistične podatke je glavni namen naše raziskave povezan s proučevanjem povezanosti delovnega področja in delovne dobe zaposlenih z zdravstvenim absentizmom v javni upravi.
Metodologija: Podatki raziskave so bili zbrani s pomočjo spletnega anketnega vprašalnika, ki je bil zasnovan z namenom izvedbe empirične raziskave in je bil sestavljen iz več sklopov vprašanj. Zbrani podatki so bili obdelani v statističnem programu SPSS.
Rezultati: Raziskava je bila izvedena leta 2015 v organizacijah javne uprave in v naš vzorec raziskave je bilo vključenih 3.220 zaposlenih v javni upravi. Rezultati raziskave kažejo, da obstaja statistično pomembna povezanost med zdravstvenim absentizmom v javni upravi in delovnim področjem ter delovno dobo zaposlenih v javni upravi.
Zaključek: Raziskava n am p omaga r azumeti p ovezavo z dravstvenega a bsentizma z d elovnim p odročjem i n d elovno dobo zaposlenih v javni upravi. Glede na rezultate raziskave bi bilo smiselno sprejeti ukrepe, ki so bolj osredotočeni na skupine zaposlenih v javni upravi (starejši zaposleni z daljšo delovno dobo in zaposlene uradnike ter strokovno-tehnične javne uslužbence) pri katerih se lahko zmanjša zdravstveni absentizem. Zdravstveni absentizem v teh skupinah zaposlenih bi lahko zmanjšali z zagotavljanjem boljših vodij in zagotavljanjem dobrih pogojev za zadovoljstvo na delovnem mestu.
Ključne besede: zdravstveni absentizem, javna uprava, delovna doba, delovno področj
Tehnike kriznega menedžmenta v turističnih MSP-jih med pandemijo Covid-19
No full textBackground and purpose: This study examines crisis management practices (CMPs) for micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the field of tourism during the global coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. The purpose of this study is to analyse how tourism SMEs reacted to the crisis caused by the pandemic. The present research aims to determine which operational CMPs were deployed by tourism SMEs to minimize the impact of the crisis.
Design/Methodology/Approach: This study focuses on the following types of tourism SMEs – lodging facilities, food and beverage (F&B) facilities, and tourist agencies (TA). A total of 574 valid online questionnaires were obtained from SME managers. The structured questionnaire included 27 CMPs belonging to the four dimensions of crisis management – workforce, cost control, organizational support and marketing CMPs. Exploratory factor analysis and the non-parametric Kruskal Wallis H test and Mann-Whitney U test were used to investigate SMEs response to the crisis.
Results: Results indicate that SMEs primarily focus on the following CMP dimensions (respectively): workforce, cost control, organizational support, and promotional and customer-related marketing practices. Results show that there are statistically significant differences in the usage of different CMPs among the different types of SMEs.
Conclusion: The use of selected variables enables an internationally comparable benchmarking process and facilitates the improvement of tourism SMEs crisis management. The conclusion provides suggestions for future research and useful information for scholars, policy makers, and tourism managers.
Keywords: COVID-19, Crisis management, Slovenia, SMEs, TourismOzadje in namen: Raziskava preučuje tehnike kriznega menedžmenta v mikro, malih in srednje velikih podjetjih (MSP) v turizmu v času pandemije korona virusa (COVID-19). Namen pričujoče raziskave je preučiti, kako so se turistična podjetja odzvala na krizo, ki jo je povzročila pandemija COVID-19. Cilj raziskave je ugotoviti, katere operativne tehnike kriznega menedžmenta so implementirale različne vrste turističnih MSP-jev, da bi zmanjšale vpliv globalne krize.
Zasnova / metodologija / pristop: Študija se osredotoča na naslednje vrste turističnih MSP-jev: nastanitveni obrati, prehrambni obrati (F&B) ter turistične agencije (TA). S strani menedžerjev turističnih MSP-jev je bilo pridobljenih 574 veljavnih spletnih vprašalnikov. Strukturirani vprašalnik je zajemal 27 spremenljivk (tehnik) kriznega menedžmenta, ki vsebinsko spadajo v štiri dimenzije (področja) kriznega menedžmenta – delovno silo, nadzor stroškov, organizacijsko podporo in trženjske prakse. Za preučevanje odziva MSP-jev na krizo so bile uporabljene sledeče statistične metode – eksplorativna faktorska analiza ter Kruskal Wallisov H in Mann-Whitneyev U test.
Rezultati: R ezultati p ričajo o t em, d a s e M SP-ji p rimarno o sredotočajo n a n aslednje d imenzije k riznega m enedžmenta (glede na pomen) – delovno silo, nadzor stroškov, organizacijsko podporo ter trženjske prakse. Rezultati kažejo, da obstajajo statistično značilne razlike v uporabi različnih tehnik kriznega menedžmenta med različnimi vrstami turističnih MSP-jev.
Zaključek: Uporaba izbranih tehnik kriznega menedžmenta omogoča mednarodno primerjalno analizo ter olajša izbor tehnik kriznega menedžmenta v turističnih MSP-jih. Zaključek raziskave vsebuje predloge za izvedbo prihodnjih raziskav in koristne informacije za raziskovalce, menedžerje ter snovalce razvojnih politik v turizmu.
Ključne besede: COVID-19; Krizni menedžment; Slovenija; MSP; Turize
Sestava in pomen kazalnikov družbene odgovornosti podjetij - od rezultatov do bistva
No full textBackground and Purpose: Regular reporting on Corporate Social Responsibility (hereinafter referred to as CSR) should make it easier for enterprises to identify the sustainability risks and lead to an increased investors and consumers’ confidence. The aim of the paper is to find out how the indices which evaluate the socially responsible behaviour of enterprises are constructed. Design/Methodology/Approach: The scoping review is the method used in this study. The scoping question is: What do we know about the construction of indices evaluating the socially responsible behaviour of organisations from the existing expert resources? Results: The analysis of 20 papers shows that there is no consensus about the method of determining the weights and constructing the index. There are 4 approaches to the aggregated index construction. The first one uses the percentage of filling the specific criteria or the average of values of specific dimensions of the index. The second one uses the multi-criteria decision-making methods (most often the Analytical hierarchical process method). The third one uses unconventional linguistic models and fuzzy logic and finally, the fourth one uses the factor analysis or the method of the main components. Conclusion: The main feature of CSR indices lies in their methodological disunity. It complicates the understanding of the CSR outputs and essentially makes it impossible to create a CSR performance ranking, especially for small and medium-sized enterprises (hereinafter referred to as SMEs). Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility, Index, SMEs, Scoping review, Clarity of CSR index outputOzadje in namen: Redno poročanje o družbeni odgovornosti podjetij naj bi podjetjem olajšalo prepoznavanje trajnostnih tveganj in vodilo do večjega zaupanja vlagateljev in potrošnikov. Namen prispevka je ugotoviti, kako so sestavljeni indeksi, ki se uporabljajo za ocenjevanje družbeno odgovornega ravnanja podjetij.
Zasnova / metodologija / pristop: Pregled obsega je metoda, uporabljena v tej študiji. Vprašanje za določanje obsega je: Kaj vemo o oblikovanju indeksov, ki ocenjujejo družbeno odgovorno vedenje organizacij iz obstoječih strokovnih in znanstvenih virov?
Rezultati: Analiza 20 člankov je pokazala, da glede metode določitve uteži in konstrukcije indeksa ni soglasja v literaturi. Obstajajo 4 pristopi k oblikovanju indeksa. Prvi uporablja odstotek izpolnjevanja določenih meril ali povprečje vrednosti določenih dimenzij indeksa. V drugem pa so uporabljene večkriterijske metode odločanja (najpogosteje analitična hierarhična metoda). Tretji uporablja nekonvencionalne lingvistične modele in mehko logiko, četrti pa temelji na faktorski analizi ali metodi glavnih komponent.
Zaključek: Glavna značilnost indeksov družbene odgovornosti je njihova metodološka raznolikost. To oteži razumevanje rezultatov analiz družbene odgovornosti podjetij in v bistvu onemogoča rangiranje po uspešnosti glede družbene odgovornosti, še zlasti za mala in srednje velika podjetja.
Ključne besede: Družbena odgovornost podjetij, Indeks, Pregled obsega, Indeks družbene odgovornosti podjeti
Vpliv industrije 4.0 na izvozno tržno naravnanost, tržno diverzifikacijo in izvozno uspešnost
No full textBackground and Purpose: Existing literature on the Industry 4.0 concept does not provide a clear empirical verification if and how the implementation of Industry 4.0 impacts export market orientation, market diversification, and export performance of firms. The purpose of this paper is to provide a framework on how firms can increase their export performance by knowing the impact of Industry 4.0 on firms export activities.
Methodology: The analysis is based on an examination of 81 Slovenian export firms, with the majority active in the processing industry in which the export of products and services represents a more than 20% share in the total revenue of the firm. Factor analysis and multiple regression were used to process the collected data.
Results: The analysis results reveal that firms that invest in advanced technologies and realize digital transformation are better prepared to compete internationally and achieve better export performance.
Conclusion: Our study showed the positive link between implementation of Industry 4.0 and export activities of firms and confirmed that implementation of Industry 4.0 leads to many changes in the mindset and operation of Slovenian firms and actively reflects in their export results. The research findings may serve as an important guide for managers in the optimal planning and management of export marketing and business activities. The study thus provides a foundation for the growing research on the relationship between Industry 4.0 and export business activities
of firms.
Keywords: Industry 4.0, Export market orientation, Market diversification, Export performance.Ozadje in namen: Obstoječa literatura s področja koncepta industrije 4.0 ne vključuje bistvenih empiričnih preverjanj, če in kako implementacija industrije 4.0 vpliva na izvozno tržno naravnanost, tržno diverzifikacijo in izvozno uspešnost podjetij. Namen prispevka je oblikovati okvir, ki podjetjem, na osnovi poznavanja vpliva industrije 4.0 na izvozne aktivnosti podjetij, pomaga pri spodbujanju njihove izvozne uspešnosti.
Metodologija: Analiza temelji na raziskavi 81 slovenskih izvoznih podjetij, ki so v večini dejavna v predelovalni industriji, z več kot 20-odstotnim deležem izvoza izdelkov oziroma storitev v celotnih prihodkih podjetja. Za obdelavo zbranih podatkov smo uporabili faktorsko analizo in večkratno regresijo.
Rezultati: Dobljeni rezultati analize razkrivajo, da se podjetja, ki vlagajo v napredne tehnologije in uresničujejo digitalno preobrazbo, lažje soočajo z mednarodno konkurenco ter dosegajo boljše izvozne rezultate.
Zaključek: Naša raziskava je pokazala pozitivno povezavo med implementacijo Industrije 4.0 in izvoznimi aktivnostmi podjetij ter potrdila, da izvajanje Industrije 4.0 vodi k številnim spremembam v miselnosti in delovanju slovenskih podjetij ter se dejavno odraža tudi na njihovih izvoznih rezultatih. Ugotovitve raziskave lahko vodstvenim zaposlenim pomagajo pri optimalnem načrtovanju in upravljanju izvoznega trženja in poslovnih dejavnosti. Pričujoča raziskava je dobra osnova za nadaljnje poglobljeno preučevanje odnosa med industrijo 4.0 in izvoznim poslovnim aktivnostim podjetij.
Ključne besede: Industrija 4.0, Izvozna tržna naravnanost, Tržna diverzifikacija, Izvozna uspešnos
Razvoj korporativne trajnosti v podjetjih z uporabo izbranih praks in orodij
No full textBackground and Purpose: The research paper identifies practices and tools to support corporate sustainability concept that can lead to increased business competitiveness in a dynamically developing business world. The purpose of the paper is to provide insight into the practices and tools of corporate sustainability applied by the Slovak industrial enterprises and which barriers do exist. Moreover, the aim is also to identify factors influencing the application of tools such as company ownership, importance of sustainability concept, and company vision.
Design/Methodology/ Approach: In order to obtain the necessary data an online questionnaire was used. The sample of enterprises was selected on the basis of the enterprise size and the industry focus (n = 336). The following statistical methods were used 1) one-way ANOVA, 2) the Kruskal-Wallis test, and 3) the Wilcoxon rank-sum test.
Results: This paper revealed some key insights: 1) foreign-owned enterprises are better at application of sustainability practices and tools, 2) still quite a few enterprises attribute the importance to the concept, 3) the existence of barriers, particularly in the form of a lack of financial resources, 4) one of the key drivers of sustainability is enterprise vision.
Conclusion: The paper created and analyzed quite a comprehensive list of practices and tools suitable for enterprises in Slovakia. There was an effort to find out point at the ways how enterprises contribute to sustainable development. It was also found out that they attach importance to vision as a major trigger for the application of the tools.
Keywords: Corporate sustainability, Practices, Tools, Barriers, Company visionOzadje in namen: V članku so opredeljene prakse in orodja za podporo konceptu trajnostnosti podjetij, ki lahko privedejo do večje konkurenčnosti poslovanja v dinamično razvijajočem se poslovnem svetu. Namen prispevka je zagotoviti vpogled v prakse in orodja korporativne trajnosti podjetij, kakršna uporabljajo slovaška industrijska podjetja, in identificirati ovire za njihovo uporabo. Cilj je tudi ugotoviti dejavnike, ki vplivajo na uporabo orodij, kot so lastništvo podjetja, percepcija pomena koncepta trajnosti in vizija podjetja.
Zasnova / Metodologija / Pristop: Za pridobitev potrebnih podatkov je bil uporabljen spletni vprašalnik. Vzorec podjetij je bil izbran na podlagi velikosti podjetja in panoge (n = 336). Uporabljene so bile naslednje statistične metode: 1) enosmerna ANOVA, 2) Kruskal-Wallisov test in 3) Wilcoxonov testni seštevek.
Rezultati: Raziskava je razkrila nekaj ključnih spoznanj: 1) podjetja v tuji lasti več uporabljajo trajnostne prakse in orodja; 2) še vedno precej podjetij ne pripisuje pomena trajnosti; 3) ovire obstajajo zlasti v obliki pomanjkanja finančnih sredstev; 4) eden ključnih dejavnikov trajnosti je vizija podjetja.
Zaključek: V članku smo analizirali dokaj obsežen seznam praks in orodij, primernih za podjetja na Slovaškem. Prizadevali smo si, da bi ugotovili, kako podjetja prispevajo k trajnostnemu razvoju. Ugotovljeno je bilo tudi, da pripisujejo pomembnost viziji podjetja kot glavni pobudi uporabe orodij.
Ključne besede: korporativna trajnost, prakse, orodja, ovire, vizija podjetj
Povezanost nadzora nad poslom in kognitivnim zaupanjem v mednarodnih poslovnih odnosih
No full textBackground and purpose: Trust is embedded into the national culture. It is a tool that helps create strategic partnerships and facilitates deals that carry certain risks. Cultural differences and norms can affect business relations, but more often focus is on the obvious differences. Although trust in a business partner may be due to non-obvious differences, for example, which part of the deal the partner wants to control himself and which part of the deal he wants to give to the partner to control. If the difference between the real and desired levels of the partner’s control over the deal is large, then is trust possible, especially in intercultural business relations?
Objective: One aim of our study is to find out whether trust may be considered as moderator of control in a business deal. In other words, if the level of trust in a business partner is higher, are the partners more open to sharing their control over the deal with each other? The other aim is to identify the links between these indicators (trust and control) in business partnerships of partners from different cultures.
Design/Methodology/Approach: The study investigated the answers of 103 Slovenian and 124 Russian business partners. The Organizational Trust Inventory (OTI) and the 5-items questionnaire on control over deal were used to collect data. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to process the data collected.
Results: The probability that the business partner will not fulfil their obligations in the deal negatively relates to the level of trust. The difference between degree of desired control and degree of control negatively relates to the level of trust.
Conclusion: As our results showed, trust cannot be considered as a strong moderator of control between partners. In response to greater trust, the respondents only agree to increase their partner’s control, but are not willing to reduce their own. Moreover, this finding is stronger in the group of Russian partners than in the Slovenian ones.
Keywords: Trust, Business Relationships, Business Partner, Control Over Deal, Obligations, Slovenia, RussiaOzadje in namen: Zaupanje je vpeto v kulturo naroda kot orodje, ki pomaga oblikovati strateška partnerstva in sklepati poslovne odnose. Zaupanje v poslovnega partnerja je lahko posledica očitnih razlik, na primer, kateri del posla želi nadzorovati sam in kateri del posla želi prepustiti partnerju. Če je razlika med resnično in želeno ravnijo partnerjevega nadzora nad poslom velika, je potem sploh mogoče vzpostaviti zaupanje, zlasti v medkulturnih poslovnih odnosih? Tako kulturne razlike kot norme vplivajo na poslovne izide, pri čemer razlike med slovenskimi in ruskimi poslovnimi partnerji s tega vidika še niso bile analizirane.
Namen: Poslovne odnose oblikuje vrsta vedenj, predvsem pa sodelovanje in tekmovanje, ki temeljita na zaupanju. Namen raziskave je bil ugotoviti, ali igra zaupanje moderatorsko spremenljivko v teh odnosih. Želeli smo raziskati, ali poslovni partnerji ob višji stopnji zaupanja, izvajajo manj nadzora. Cilj študije je bil ugotoviti povezavo med stopnjo nadzora in zaupanjem v poslovnih odnosih udeležencev iz različnih kultur.
Zasnova / metodologija / pristop: Sodelovali so 103 slovenski in 124 ruskih poslovnih partnerjev, ki so izpolnili Vprašalnik organizacijskega zaupanja (OTI) ter pet vprašanj o nadzoru nad poslom.
Rezultati: Rezultati so pokazali, da le zaznani nadzor nad poslovnim partnerjem vpliva na raven želenega nadzora kot tudi na želeni nadzor, ki ga udeleženci s strani poslovnih partnerjev pričakujejo.
Zaključek: Pri oblikovanju nadzore v poslovnih odnosih se zaupanje ni izkazalo kot pomemben moderator. Če si poslovni partnerji želijo višje stopnje zaupanja, predlagajo povečanje partnerjevega nadzora, a pri tem niso pripravljani na zmanjšanje lastnega nadzora. Ta povezava je bila bolj prisotna pri ruskih kot pri slovenskih poslovnih partnerjih.
Ključne besede: zaupanje, poslovni odnosi, poslovni partner, nadzor nad poslom, obveznosti, Slovenija, Rusija
Spodbujanje inovativnega vedenja uslužbencev, ki delajo neposredno s strankami: vloga prijateljstva in izmenjave znanja na delovnem mestu
No full textBackground and purpose: The hospitality industries need to create benevolent work environment and social activities that stimulate frontline service employees (FLEs) innovative behavior. Drawing on social capital theory, this study aims to examine the influence of workplace friendship on promoting FLEs’ innovative service behavior. This study also examines the mediating role of knowledge sharing process (knowledge collecting and knowledge donating) on the relationship between workplace friendship and FLEs’ innovative service behavior.
Design/Methodology/Approach: For data collection, the convenience sampling method is applied to survey 163 frontline employees in 3- and 4-stars tourist hotels located in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The present study performed structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) software Smart-PLS v3.0 to test the hypotheses.
Results: The result showed that workplace friendship has significant influence on FLEs’ innovative service behavior. Also, this study empirically found that workplace friendship influence FLEs’ innovative service behavior directly and indirectly trough knowledge collecting. Interestingly, knowledge donating has insignificant effect on FLEs innovative service behavior.
Conclusion: We conclude that workplace friendship could create a favorable work environment that fostering FLEs innovative service behavior trough knowledge sharing process. Therefore, this research adds to the body of knowledge by pointing out the influence of workplace friendship and knowledge sharing process on FLEs innovative service behavior. This present study also provides the human resource practice regarding how to nurturing workplace friendship that stimulates FLEs innovative work behavior.
Keywords: Frontline service employees, Innovative service behavior, Workplace friendship, Knowledge collecting, Knowledge donating
IntroductionOzadje in namen: Gostinstvo zahteva takšno delovno okolje in socialne dejavnosti, da spodbujajo inovativno vedenje zaposlenih, ki delajo neposredno s strankami (Front Line Employees - FLE). Namen te študije je na osnovi teorije socialnega kapitala preučiti vpliv prijateljstva na delovnem mestu na spodbujanje inovativnega vedenja zaposlenih FLE. Študija preučuje tudi posredovalno vlogo procesa izmenjave znanja (zbiranje in dajanje znanja) na povezavi med prijateljstvom na delovnem mestu in inovativnim vedenjem zaposlenih (FLE). Metodologija: Za zbiranje podatkov smo uporabili metodo vzorčenja in anketirali 163 zaposlenih v hotelih s tremi in štirimi zvezdicami v mestu Yogyakarta v Indoneziji. Za statistično obdelavo zbranih podatkov smo uporabili programsko opremo za modeliranje strukturnih enačb (PLS-SEM) Smart-PLS v3.0. Rezultati: Prijateljstvo na delovnem mestu pomembno vpliva na inovativno vedenje zaposlenih, ki delajo neposredno s strankami (FLE). Poleg tega je raziskava empirično ugotovila, da prijateljstvo na delovnem mestu neposredno in posredno, preko zbiranja znanja, vpliva na inovativno vedenje zaposlenih. Zanimivo je, da darovanje znanja nepomembno vpliva na inovativno vedenje zaposlenih, ki delajo neposredno s strankami (FLE). Zaključek: Sklepamo, da bi prijateljstvo na delovnem mestu lahko ustvarilo ugodno delovno okolje, ki bi spodbudilo inovativno vedenje zaposlenih prek postopka izmenjave znanja. S tem raziskava prispeva k poznavanju vpliva prijateljstva na delovnem mestu in izmenjave znanja na inovativno vedenje zaposlenih. Študija predlaga tudi kadrovsko prakso glede negovanja prijateljstva na delovnem mestu, ki spodbuja inovativno delovno vedenje zaposlenih.
Ključne besede: Inovativno vedenje storitev FLE, Prijateljstvo na delovnem mestu, Zbiranje znanja, Dajanje znanja
Vplivi transformacije v industrijo 4.0 v proizvodnem sektorju: primer ZDA
No full textBackground and purpose: The transformation to Industry 4.0 increases the number of robots installed within industries, which brings great shifts in industrial ecosystems. For this reason, our research goal was to analyze the key performance indicators to investigate the economic and social sustainability of the changes in production.
Methodology: The combination of official (World Bank, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics) and publicly available (Federal Reserve Economic Data, Industrial Federation of Robotics) data was used for statistical data processing, including comparison, correlation, cross-correlation and vector autoregression analysis, to present the past developments and also to predict future trends within the U.S. manufacturing sector.
Results: In contrast to robust industry robotization observed in the 2008–2018 period, the share of manufacturing output and employment declined. Nonetheless, the vector autoregression model forecast shows, that the U.S. manufacturing sector has arrived at a turning point, after which robotization can increase employment and labor productivity of workers, while also stimulating further growth of their education levels.
Conclusion: The transition to Industry 4.0 has a major impact on increasing demands for new knowledge and skills for increased productivity. Accordingly, forecasted growths of analyzed manufacturing indicators suggest that negative impacts of robotization in the recent past were only temporary, due to the entrance to the Industry 4.0 era. Nonetheless, additional policies to support sustainable industry development are required.
Keywords: Industry transformation, Robotization, Industrial output, Labor productivity, Employment, Education level, Industry 4.0, Industry 5.0Ozadje in namen: S transformacijo v industrijo 4.0 se v industriji povečuje število nameščenih robotov, kar prinaša velike premike v industrijskih ekosistemih. Zato je bil naš raziskovalni cilj analizirati ključne kazalnike uspešnosti, da bi raziskali ekonomsko in socialno vzdržnost teh sprememb v proizvodnji.
Zasnova / metodologija / pristop: Kombinacija uradnih (World Bank, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics) in javno dostopnih (Federal Reserve Economic Data, Industrial Federation of Robotics) podatkov je bila uporabljena za statistično obdelavo podatkov, vključujoč primerjavo, korelacijo, navzkrižno korelacijo in analizo vektorske avtoregresije, da bi predstavili pretekli razvoj in tudi napovedali prihodnje trende v ameriškem proizvodnem sektorju.
Rezultati: V nasprotju z močno robotizacijo v obdobju 2008–2018 se je delež proizvodnje in zaposlitve v proizvodnem sektorju v tem obdobju zmanjšal glede na celotno industrijo. Kljub temu napoved modela vektorske avtoregresije kaže, da je ameriški proizvodni sektor prišel do prelomne točke, po kateri lahko robotizacija poveča zaposlenost in produktivnost delavcev, hkrati pa spodbuja nadaljnjo rast njihove izobrazbene ravni.
Zaključek: Prehod na industrijo 4.0 močno vpliva na vse večje potrebe po novih znanjih in veščinah za večjo produktivnost. V skladu s tem napovedane rasti analiziranih proizvodnih kazalnikov kažejo, da so bili negativni vplivi robotizacije v nedavni preteklosti le začasni zaradi vstopa v industrijo 4.0. Kljub temu pa so potrebne dodatne politike za podporo trajnostnemu razvoju industrije.
Ključne besede: Transformacija industrije, Robotizacija, Industrijska proizvodnja, Produktivnost dela, Zaposlitev, Stopnja izobrazbe, Industrija 4.0, Industrija 5.