Journal of Islamic Monetary Economics and Finance (JIMF)
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Accelerating Digitalization in the Sharia Economy and Finance for Inclusive and Sustainable Growth in the Post-Pandemic Recovery
Full text linkThis paper is based on a keynote speech delivered at The 9th International Islamic Monetary Economics and Finance Conference (9th IIMEFC). As a keynote contribution, this article does not include a formal abstract
Research Status and Prospects of Shariah Compliance Impact on Firm Risk, Performance and Resilience
Full text linkThis article performs a bibliometric analysis on the impacts of Shariah compliance on firms’ risk, performance, and resilience. Using Scopus database, a total of 1063 documents have been identified and analyzed utilizing VOSviewer. In the analysis, we evaluate co-authorship, keyword co-occurrence, and citation to identify influential authors, countries, and sources. The findings reveal a consistent increase in publications, particularly noticeable from 2014 onwards, indicating a growing interest in this research domain. Notably, the study highlights the pivotal role of Shariah compliance in enhancing corporate governance, financial risk management, and sustainable development, thus directly impacting the risk, performance, and resilience of firms. Globally it seems that by adhering to Shariah principles, firms can mitigate risks effectively, enhance their performance, and strengthen their capacity to withstand market fluctuations and economic uncertainties, thereby improving their overall resilience. These findings underscore the global significance of Shariah-compliant finance and emphasize the imperative for further research to deepen the understanding of its implications for firms
Assessing the Viability of Muza’rah Agro Financing as a Sustainable Solution for Small-Scale Farmers: A Case Study from Pakistan
Full text linkThe interplay between the Muza’rah (Sharecropper) agro-financing structure and its impact on rural income and rural poverty alleviation constitutes a multifaceted phenomenon. In this study, we seek to understand of the relation between Muza’rah agro-financing structure and rural income and the mediating role of national agricultural output for the case of Pakistan, a predominantly Muslim country characterized by a well-established Islamic banking and finance infrastructure. Using data from the Pakistan Social and Living Standard Survey (PSLM), the research reveals that the rural per capita income is significantly and negatively related to the Muza’rah agro-financing structure, which is further strengthened by the level of the national agricultural output. The finding underscores the importance of nuanced understanding for policymakers and practitioners engaged in poverty alleviation efforts, emphasizing the need to consider contextual variables and a nation's developmental status when designing interventions to improve rural livelihoods
Revisiting the Dynamic Connectedness, Spillover and Hedging Opportunities among Cryptocurrency, Commodities, and Islamic Stock Markets
Full text linkThe study investigates the dynamic interconnections and opportunities for hedging among cryptocurrency, commodity, and Islamic stock markets using DCC-GARCH and Spillover connectedness models. Using daily data covering the Russia-Ukraine war and COVID-19 outbreak from December 1, 2019 to April 15, 2022, we document weak and frequently negative correlation between Bitcoin and Islamic stock markets. Thus, Bitcoin could be viewed as a haven from Islamic stock market losses. The results also indicate that Bitcoin's diversification benefits are normally steady and increase considerably during turbulence. Furthermore, the net return spillovers from the Bitcoin market remain above zero during most of the study period. We also find that utilizing Bitcoin as a hedge during the COVID-19 pandemic phase leads to higher expenses. The outcomes of this investigation are expected to carry substantial ramifications for Indonesian investors and portfolio managers who adhere to Shariah law since they will enable them to comprehend the advantages of diversifying portfolios across various periods of stock holding or investment horizons
The Impacts of Cash Waqf-Linked Sukuk Empowerment Programs: Empirical Evidence from Indonesia
Full text linkThis study analyzes the impact of Cash Waqf Linked Sukuk (CWLS) empowerment programs on beneficiaries’ welfare, financial inclusion, social participation, and spirituality. Using questionnaires administered to the beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries of the empowerment programs in Central Lampung, South Tangerang, Trenggalek East Java, and Bima Nusa Tenggara Indonesia, the study constructs three impact indicators: the welfare index, financial inclusion index, and social and spiritual index. The data are analyzed using the difference-in-difference (DiD) method, where the three impact indices are compared between the two groups of respondents in 2021 and 2022. We find that the CWLS empowerment programs improve the welfare and financial inclusion of beneficiaries but have no discernible effect on social and spiritual participation. However, the DID analysis reveals that the overall impacts of welfare, financial inclusion, and social and spiritual participation are not statistically different between beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries in 2021 and 2022. This study provides significant implications for policymakers and nadzir to enhance the impacts of CWLS on socioeconomic development and poverty alleviation.
Acknowledgment
This research was funded by Departemen Ekonomi dan Keuangan Syariah (DEKS), Bank Indonesia
Do Investors Get Benefits from Corporate Green Sukuk Issuance
Full text linkThis study evaluates whether investors benefit from green sukuk by examining the responses of stock returns to the announcements of corporate green sukuk (green Islamic bonds) issuance. Applying the standard event study methodology, it finds that stock returns respond positively and significantly to the announcements of green sukuk issuance, suggesting that investors perceive and react favorably to the announcement. This significantly positive response is observed both for the individual firm (through CARs) and for a sample of all firms (through CAARs). Thus, it can be concluded that investors benefit from the announcements of green sukuk issuance. Further, this study draws a comparative analysis of investors’ response to the announcements of corporate green sukuk and corporate green bond issuance, and the findings also show that investors respond positively to the announcements of green bond issuances. However, the investors’ response is slightly higher to the announcements of corporate green sukuk issuance compared to corporate green bonds, and the investors get slightly more benefit from green sukuk issuance as compared to green bond issuance. These finding inform policymakers for the formulation of strategies to attract investors by integrating green bonds with shariah principles to fund environment-friendly projects and consequently mitigate the climate change risk.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
This research was funded by University of the Punjab, Lahore-Pakistan under the Overseas Ph.D. Scholarship for faculty members. 
Financial Resilience among Women Small and Medium Enterprise in Malaysia during and after COVID-19: The Role of Islamic Social Finance
Full text linkThe COVID-19 pandemic disproportionately impacted women-owned small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Malaysia, exposing their vulnerabilities and highlighting the need for effective resilience strategies. This study examines the role of Islamic social finance in enhancing the financial resilience of these businesses during and beyond the pandemic. To achieve this goal, the study explores three key areas i.e., identifying factors shaping the financial resilience of women-owned SMEs in Malaysia during and beyond the pandemic, assessing the effectiveness of Islamic social finance instruments in fostering financial resilience for these businesses, and formulating recommendations for effective policies that strengthen the financial resilience of women-owned SMEs, enabling them to navigate future pandemics more effectively. Using a Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) method and 330 respondents, we document no significant effects of Islamic social finance instruments on the financial resilience of women-owned SMEs. We argue that this documented insignificance could be due to the ways Islamic Social Finance (ISF) is operationalized. At the same time, contradicting previous research on the ISF women-owned SMEs financial resilience, we also believe that further investigation is needed.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
This research is supported by the Ministry of Higher Education of Malaysia (MOE) through Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS/1/2021/SS01/UIAM/03/3)
Impact of Liquidity Creation on Real Economic Output: Evidence from Full-Fledged Islamic Banks and Hybrid Conventional Banks
Full text linkWe examine the impact of the liquidity creation of Full-fledged Islamic Banks (FIBs) and Hybrid Conventional Banks (HCBs) on real economic output for a sample of 10 countries over the 11-year period from 2012–2022. Using the Feasible Generalized Least Squares (FGLS) framework, we show that both FIBs and HCBs liquidity creation per capita impact real economic output positively. However, HCBs have a greater impact on real economic output than FIBs. These results are statistically and economically significant. We further examine the impact of the liquidity created by both banking systems during the COVID-19 pandemic. Interestingly, for both bank types, liquidity creation has a negative impact on real output during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, in terms of magnitude, the negative impact is more pronounced for the HCBs. We also observe a non-linear impact of liquidity creation on real output, where the non-linearity is more pronounced among the HCBs. As for policy, our results imply that governments should incentivize FIBs to expand their scope and engage more in greenfield financing to have greater impact on real economic output
Shariah Compliance of Bangladeshi Islamic Banks: Does It Differ across Bank Modalities?
Full text linkThis study assesses the degree of Shariah compliance of different Islamic banking modalities in Bangladesh from the perspectives of investment clients, depositors, and bankers. It adopts a structured questionnaire developed based on AAOIFI standards to gather data from 392 respondents. ANOVA tests and t-tests are applied to identify significant Shariah non-compliance areas and differences in Shariah compliance scores among different Islamic bank modalities. From investment clients’ perspective, it is seen that in every mode of investment except Ijarah, Shariah is explicitly violated throughout the Islamic banking industry. Significant Shariah non-compliance is seen in Bai-Murabaha, Bai-Muajjal, cash memos, and receipt and disbursement of goods, while Shariah is complied with in contract documents and client dealings. Bankers view all aspects except financial charges for delay to be Shariah compliant. From the depositors’ perspective, Shariah non-compliance is observed in the non-disclosure of information. There is no significant difference in Shariah compliance level between full-fledged and non-full-fledged Islamic banks. These findings should prove useful as a reference point for Bangladesh Bank, Islamic banks, policymakers, depositors, investors, and regulators to address Shariah non-compliance areas to ensure adherence to Shariah standards.
Acknowledgment
The authors would like to thank SUST Research Centre, for the funding that made this study possible
Shariah Risk Factor and Stock Return in the Indonesian Stock Market during COVID-19 and the Russia-Ukraine Conflict
Full text linkUsing a sample of 544 Indonesian stocks, we examine the performance of the Shariah and non-Shariah stocks from 2018-2023. Employing panel regressions to investigate the impact of the Shariah investment principles on the average stock returns, we observe a positive relationship between the Shariah firms and average stock return in the market. Consequently, the study forms the Shariah and non-Shairah portfolios and analyzes their performance using the asset pricing model. We document evidence that the Shariah portfolio provides a higher abnormal return than the non-Shariah portfolio. Further, we report that the Shariah portfolio provides a higher abnormal return than the non-Shariah portfolio after controlling COVID-19 and the Russia-Ukraine war. Finally, we create the Shariah risk factor and conclude that it is one factor that explains the deviation in the stock return in the Indonesian stock market. The study recommends that policymakers consider this factor to derive the cost of equity, discount rate, and cost of capital.