Journal of Islamic Monetary Economics and Finance (JIMF)
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The Level of Convergence to Shari’ah Principles and Corporate Profitability
Full text linkThis study constructs a Shari'ah convergence index for 1,362 companies operating in 10 different Islamic countries between 2017 and 2021 and assesses its relation to corporate profitability. Shari’ah screening variables are based on existing Shari’ah screening literature and applications, and variable weights are assigned using the Integrated Determination of Objective Criteria Weights (IDOCRIW) technique, a widely used, multi-criteria decision-making method. The results suggest that 4% of the sample is completely non-compliant as they engage in non-permissible business activities, 82% has a non-compliant activity level below 30% and the remaining 14% has a non-compliant activity level between 41 and 99%. Our panel data regression analysis shows that, while the Shari'ah convergence index does not affect operating profitability, it does have a statistically positive effect on total corporate profitability. These findings are attributable to two factors, interest burden and debt level. It seems that, for Islamic companies, The high cost of debt service may offset the advantage of high leverage on profitability.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We thank to Prof. Abdullah Yalaman for his valuable comments and to Eric Laden for his proofreading
Islamic Financing for Renewable Energy in Indonesia: Unlocking Potential Demand from GCC Investors
Full text linkThis study examines the interest of Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) investors in financing renewable energy (RE) projects in Indonesia using Islamic financing schemes. It employs a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) model with expert respondents representing institutional investors from the GCC states. To validate and enrich the analysis, it also conducted Focus Group Discussion and additional interviews with industry players and Indonesian regulators. The main finding indicates that the return on investment is the most crucial factor in selecting appropriate RE projects, followed by risk and impact of the projects. Furthermore, while the GCC investors do not have sufficient knowledge about the potential and sources of RE in Indonesia, they consider the solar panel project as most preferable. Next, the study finds investment return, Shariah compliance and liquidity as the main criteria in choosing Islamic financing instruments, where equity-based are the most preferred instrument, followed by asset-backed securities and blended financing instruments. In addition, tax incentives, cross subsidy and feed-in-tariffs are the most preferred incentives needed by the investors. The additional interviews that we conducted further affirm these findings. The results are expected to provide insights for the Indonesian policy makers, particularly fiscal and financial/monetary authorities, and the GCC investors to invest in Indonesia for financing RE projects using Islamic financing schemes.
Acknowledgment
We gratefully acknowledge the support provided by Universitas Indonesia Research Grant. The grant facilitated the research presented in this paper, allowing us to conduct data collection and analysis as well as disseminate our findings to a wider audience
Stability of Shariah-Compliant Stocks in Indonesia, Malaysia, and GCC: The Roles of Monetary and Fiscal Policies and Contagion
Full text linkThis study examines the roles of monetary and fiscal policies and contagion in the market stability of Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Gulf Cooperation Council countries during the pandemic and post-pandemic periods from 2020 to 2023. We find that fiscal policy measures, such as reserve requirements and the government expenditure-to-GDP ratio significantly increase the market volatility during the pandemic. As for monetary policy tools, while they had limited effectiveness during the pandemic, they regained significance in stabilizing the markets post-pandemic. We also find that the patterns of market contagion patterns tend to vary across countries, with Qatar and Bahrain showing changing levels of contagion while Saudi Arabia, UAE, Kuwait, and Oman consistently displaying moderate to high contagion, the results that are in line with the adage, "when the U.S. sneezes, the global economy has a cold". The study's implications for managers and policymakers in Muslim-majority countries include robust risk management and contingency planning due to higher market contagion in economically integrated economies. Additionally, the limited impact of conventional monetary policies during the pandemic highlights the need to explore alternative approaches to enhance market stability during economic downturns
Halal Awareness: Impact on Purchasing Halal Medicines Unveiled
Full text linkIndonesia offers significant opportunities for the halal sector thanks to its predominantly Muslim population. However, there is a notable lack of certified halal medicines, which is surprising given the crucial role that medicines play in human life. This study aims to investigate how awareness of halal practises influences Muslim consumers' intention to purchase halal medicines, with a particular focus on the Jabodetabek region. The study is based on a total of 150 respondents and employs a partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). From the analysis, it is found that awareness of halal products has a significant influence on the intention to purchase halal medicines. In addition, both subjective norms and perceived behavioural control are identified as significant factors influencing the intention to purchase halal medicines. However, it is worth noting that attitude does not have a statistically significant influence on the intention to purchase halal medicines. This result may be attributed to the limited availability of halal-certified medicines, which influences the attitude of individuals in the decision-making process
Corporate Social Performance and Financial Stability: Evidence from Islamic, Social and Conventional Banking Models
Full text linkThis paper addresses two key issues in Corporate Social Performance (CSP) research. First, it investigates the impact of CSP on Financial Stability (FS), and second, it examines the influence of different banking models on the relationship between CSP and FS. Using a cross-country sample of 117 financial institutions from 36 countries over an 8-year period (2013-2020) and the System Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) estimation method, it finds that banking models significantly affect the CSP-FS relationship. This is attributed to diminishing marginal benefits of economic growth beyond a certain level of financial intermediation, which increases financial risk. The results give new insights into the synergies and divergences between different banking models and the overarching goals of social performance and financial stability. This research contributes novel insights that can inform policymakers, regulators, and industry stakeholders in their quest for a more resilient and sustainable banking sector
Human Capital Drivers to Service Innovation: Evidence from Islamic Banking in Indonesia
Full text linkThis study examines the human capital drivers and how they contribute to service innovation in Indonesian Islamic banking. A questionnaire is used to gather data from a total of 225 Islamic banking employees, and then partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) is applied for data analysis. Moreover, the Maqashid Sharia concept from Abu Zaharah is used to enrich the study findings from an Islamic viewpoint. The findings reveal that human capital drivers comprising leadership strategies, employee engagement, and workforce optimization have both direct and indirect positive effects on service innovation. We believe that our key contribution to the work is providing a service innovation model, where the constructs in the framework employed so far have not been studied comprehensively in the context of Islamic organizations. Furthermore, the developed model integrates more relevant factors to the construction of a strategic human capital management system that can boost service innovation in Islamic banking
The Role of Islamic Financial Inclusion in Poverty, Income Inequality, and Human Development in Indonesia
Full text linkThis study empirically analyses the role of Islamic financial inclusion in overcoming poverty, income inequality, and human development problems by employing yearly panel data of 33 provinces in Indonesia from 2014 to 2022. The results show that, except Aceh and DKI Jakarta, all provinces in Indonesia have low Islamic Financial Inclusion Index (IFII). Our analysis reveals that Islamic financial inclusion exerts significant roles in poverty reduction and human development improvement, while it is insignificantly related to income inequality. During the Covid-19 pandemic, the effect on human development of financial inclusion is further strengthened. We further note that the effects of Islamic financial inclusion depends on the levels of Human Development Index (HDI), where poverty reduction and human development improvement are apparent only in provinces with high and very high HDI
Ethics in Focus: A Bibliometric and Content Analysis of Islamic Banking and Finance Research
Full text linkThis study performs a bibliometric analysis of the literature on ethics in Islamic banking and finance (IBF) in the Scopus database. A total of 366 scholarly articles pertaining to the subject of ethics in IBF are analyzed using VOSviewer, Wordstats, Harzing’s Publish or Perish and Microsoft Excel. The development of the literature on ethics in IBF is outlined in this study, along with a list of the most significant authors, as well as relevant nations, groups, and journal sources. Moreover, the study identifies six major clusters namely, corporate image and customer loyalty of IBF, ethical decision making in IBF, Islamic work ethics, IBF standards and supervisory, ethical products and services of IBF, and maqasid al-shariah and IBF. The findings show an increasing number of citations and documents related to ethics in IBF whereby, the journal of "International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management" makes a substantial contribution to the field of ethics in IBF, both in terms of number of articles published and citation counts. The study offers the opportunity for future research to focus on these topics.
Acknowledgment
This paper is part of the research funded by the Faculty of Economics and Management, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia under Geran Inisiatif Penyelidikan (EP-2023-016) entitled "The Policy Framework of Ethical Banking for Malaysian Financial Institutions". We would also like to express our gratitude to the participants and discussants of The 9th International Islamic Monetary Economics and Finance Conference (9th IIMEFC), held on 25th October 2023, who provided valuable insights that significantly contributed to the improvement of the paper
Green Sustainability and Financial Performance of Halal Food Companies: Evidence of Malaysia
Full text linkWith growing concerns about environmental degradation and its impact on global ecosystems, the Halal food industry is facing increasing scrutiny and pressure to adopt sustainable practices. This research examines the relationship between green sustainability and the financial performance of Halal food companies in Malaysia. Applying a dynamic panel modelling to a sample of 75 companies over 10 years, we document diverse effects of sustainable practices on firms’ financial performance. More specifically, we note that efficient material usage is positively associated with both Return on Assets (ROA) and Tobin's Q (TBQ). Likewise, by reducing costs and enhancing the company's public image, effective emission management boosts both ROA and TBQ. However, energy-related initiatives negatively impact both ROA and TBQ. Biodiversity efforts, although costly in the short term, contribute to improved long-term market valuation. In a similar vein, while its decreases short-term profitability, environmental sustainability positively influences market valuation. Finally, water management initiatives often lead to decreased ROA and TBQ, which possibly is related to their high costs. From the results, policymakers should support efficient material usage and emission management through incentives to enhance profitability and market valuation. Additionally, they should consider providing financial assistance for biodiversity and environmental compliance initiatives while evaluating ways to mitigate the high costs associated with energy and water management to ensure sustainable industry growth.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
We extend our sincere gratitude to the Institute of Halal Management, Islamic Business School, University Utara Malaysia, and the Research and Innovation Management Centre (RIMC) for their invaluable support and contribution to our current research. The institutional support from both entities has greatly enriched our study, emphasizing the significance of sustainable practices in the Halal food industry
Augmenting Islamic Digital Payment Effect on Muslim Customer Purchase Decision on Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises’ (MSMEs) Products
Full text linkTo support the role of digital transaction in improving the growth of economy, the effect of Islamic digital payments on Muslim customer purchase decision on Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises’ (MSMEs) products should be augmented. This study employs a modified Technology acceptance Model (TAM) to examine whether perceived values mediate or augment the effect of Islamic digital payments on purchase decisions of MSMEs’ products. Using data gathered from 477 respondents, we find that the perceived values do augment Islamic digital payment effect on Muslim customer purchase decision on MSMEs products. However, their augmentation for the case of cash payments is absent. In other words, Islamic digital payments and perceived values are together the predictors of Muslim customer purchase decision while cash payments are not. We also note that the Islamic digital payments are the predictor of perceived values