UPN (Universitas Pembangunan Nasional) Veteran Yogyakarta: Portal Journals
Not a member yet
5715 research outputs found
Sort by
GREECE’S COMPLIANCE WITH THE CHARTER OF FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS OF THE EUROPEAN UNION (CFR-EU) IN THE EUROPEAN REFUGEE CRISIS 2015-2023
Full text linkAbstrak
Penelitian ini membahas mengenai krisis pengungsi Eropa sejak tahun 2015-2023 yang menempatkan Yunani sebagai negara gerbang utama Uni Eropa, dengan lonjakan kedatangan yang sangat tinggi dan tekanan kemanusiaan yang berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini akan menganalisis bentuk kepatuhan Yunani terhadap rezim CFR-EU menggunakan kerangka Ronald B. Mitchell (Output, Outcomes, Impact) serta kategorisasi Sara McLaughlin Mitchell & Paul R. Hensel untuk mengidentifikasi kategorisasi kepatuhan. Data bersumber dari studi kepustakaan yang diambil melalui kebijakan domestik, instrumen hukum UE, serta laporan lembaga internasional yang berasal dari sumber resmi. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa indikator output terpenuhi melalui adopsi legislasi, program ESTIA, pendekatan hotspot, dan implementasi Kesepakatan Uni Eropa-Turki (2016); indikator outcomes dan impact hasilnya masih lemah, yang tercermin dari bukti-bukti seperti kelebihan kapasitas di kamp penampungan, maraknya praktik pushback, akses layanan dan bantuan hukum yang terbatas, serta kebijakan domestik yang memperketat prosedur suaka pasca-2019. Temuan mengarah pada bentuk kepatuhan “passive compliance” yaitu kondisi dimana suatu negara mengadopsi dan menjalankan komitmennya melalui kebijakan dan pembentukan kerangka hukum, tetapi implementasi substantif tidak konsisten dan dampaknya terbatas, sehingga muncul compliance gap antara komitmen formal dan perlindungan hak terhadap pengungsi di lapangan.
Kata kunci: CFR-EU; Yunani; Krisis pengungsi; Passive compliance;
Abstract
This research examines the European refugee crisis from 2015 to 2023, which has made Greece the primary gateway to the European Union, experiencing a significant surge in arrivals and ongoing humanitarian pressure. This study analyses Greece\u27s compliance with the CFR-EU regime using Ronald B. Mitchell\u27s framework (Output, Outcomes, Impact) and Sara McLaughlin Mitchell and Paul R. Hensel\u27s categorisation to identify compliance categories. Data are sourced from literature studies, domestic policies, EU legal instruments, and reports from international institutions, all of which are official sources. The results show that output indicators are met through the adoption of legislation, the ESTIA programme, the hotspot approach, and the implementation of the EU-Turkey Agreement (2016); while the outcomes and impact indicators are still weak, as reflected in evidence such as overcapacity in detention camps, rampant pushback practices, limited access to services and legal aid, and domestic policies that tighten asylum procedures post-2019. The findings point to a form of ‘passive compliance,’ a condition in which a country adopts and implements its commitments through policies and the establishment of a legal framework, but substantive implementation is inconsistent and the impact is limited, resulting in a compliance gap between formal commitments and the protection of refugee rights in the field.
Keywords: CFR-EU; Greece; Refugee crisis; Passive compliance
Implementation of the Trans Jogja Bus Nearest Route System with the Web-Based Shortest Path Method
Full text linkObjective: To find out the process of finding the closest route using theWeb-based Shortest Path method, where each route consists of 8 routes(1A-1B-2A-2B-3A-3B-4A-4B).Design/method/approach: Using the Shortest Path Problem with a combination of UML and Black Box testing.Results: The results of the tests carried out with the Shortest Path are the distances that will be generated from the starting point to the destination, where each route has its own distance. Which will be processed according to the starting point and destination point, and will produce a branch if it has the closest route that can be taken.Authenticity/state of the art: The difference between this research and previous research lies in the technology used and the research object used. The object of research here is the Trans Jogja Bus. In this study, the system is expected to increase the efficiency of waiting time for the Trans Jogja Bus, which has a very long wait time. The technology itself in this study uses Web services as a communication bridge between users in the form of services
STATE RATIONALITY IN POLICY MAKING : PERUBAHAN KEBIJAKAN KOSOVO TERHADAP KOMUNITAS SERBIA DI KOSOVO UTARA PASCA SERANGAN BANJSKA PERIODE 2023-2025
Full text linkSerangan bersenjata di Banjska, Kosovo Utara, pada 24 September 2023 menjadi titik balik yang signifikan dalam hubungan antara pemerintah Kosovo dan komunitas Serbia di wilayah tersebut. Peristiwa ini memicu pengetatan kebijakan keamanan, penguatan kehadiran negara, serta perubahan pendekatan politik yang berorientasi pada stabilitas dan kedaulatan. Penelitian ini berfokus pada analisis dinamika kebijakan pemerintah Kosovo terhadap komunitas Serbia pasca-Serangan Banjska dalam rentang waktu 2023-2025. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rational Actor Model untuk memahami bagaimana pemerintah Kosovo merespons krisis dengan sumber daya terbatas, tekanan internasional, serta kepentingan politik domestik yang beragam untuk menentukan suatu kebijakan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan penulis dalam tulisan ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif, dengan teknik pengumpulan data berdasarkan dari sejumlah literatur relevan dan artikel berita yang berkaitan dengan penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan Kosovo pasca-Serangan Banjska mencerminkan kombinasi antara upaya memperkuat kedaulatan negara dan keterbatasan dalam implementasi kebijakan, yang dipengaruhi oleh tekanan politik domestik, hubungan dengan Serbia, serta intervensi Uni Eropa dan NATO. Dengan menggunakan kerangka Rational Actor Model, penelitian ini berupaya memberikan pemahaman komprehensif tentang bagaimana krisis keamanan memengaruhi kebijakan negara terhadap minoritas etnis di wilayah pascakonflik. Studi ini menyarankan perlunya pendekatan dialogis yang lebih inklusif untuk mengurangi ketegangan jangka panjang.
Kata Kunci: Kosovo, Komunitas Serbia, Banjska 2023, Kebijakan Keamanan, Rational Actor ModelThe armed attack in Banjska, northern Kosovo, on 24 September 2023 marked a significant turning point in relations between the Government of Kosovo and the local Serbian community. The incident triggered tighter security policies, strengthened state presence, and shifts toward a more stability- and sovereignty-oriented political approach. This research focuses on analyzing the dynamics of Kosovo’s policies toward the Serbian community following the Banjska attack within the 2023–2025 period. The study employs the Rational Actor Model to understand how the Government of Kosovo responded to the crisis while facing limited resources, international pressures, and diverse domestic political interests in formulating its policy choices. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method, with data collected through relevant literature and news articles related to the topic. The findings indicate that Kosovo’s post-Banjska policies reflect a combination of efforts to reinforce state sovereignty and the constraints encountered in policy implementation. These outcomes are shaped by domestic political pressures, relations with Serbia, and the involvement of the European Union and NATO. Using the Rational Actor Model, this study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of how security crises influence state policies toward ethnic minorities in post-conflict regions. The study suggests the need for a more inclusive and dialogic approach to reduce long-term tensions.Keywords: Kosovo, Serbian Community, Banjska 2023, Security Policy, Rational Actor Mode
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN DOSIS PUPUK ORGANIK AMPAS TEH DAN PUPUK NPK TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN BAWANG MERAH (Allium ascolonicum L.)
Full text linkBawang merah termasuk salah satu komoditas pertanian strategis yang dibudidayakan secara luas di berbagai wilayah Indonesia. Kunci untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan sekaligus hasil panen komoditas ini terletak pada pemilihan jenis dan takaran pupuk yang tepat. Studi ini bertujuan untuk menentukan dosis paling efektif dari kombinasi pupuk organik berbahan dasar ampas teh dan pupuk NPK (Nitrogen-Fosfor-Kalium) dalam menunjang pertumbuhan vegetatif dan produktivitas tanaman bawang merah. Penelitian lapangan ini diselenggarakan mulai Maret hingga Mei 2025 di area persawahan Kalurahan Selomartani. Metode yang diterapkan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok Lengkap (RAKL), melibatkan dua (2) faktor perlakuan dan satu (1) perlakuan kontrol, di mana setiap kombinasi diulang sebanyak tiga (3) kali. Faktor pertama mencakup dosis pupuk ampas teh, yang terdiri dari tiga tingkatan: 30 g/tanaman, 60 g/tanaman, dan 90 g/tanaman. Faktor kedua adalah dosis pupuk NPK, juga terdiri dari tiga tingkatan: 1 g/tanaman, 3 g/tanaman, dan 6 g/tanaman. Perlakuan kontrol menggunakan pupuk kandang dengan dosis tetap 30 g/tanaman. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) pada tingkat signifikansi 5%. Untuk menguji perbedaan lebih lanjut, dilanjutkan dengan uji DMRT (Duncan Multiple Range Test) taraf 5%, serta uji kontras ortogonal. Temuan utama penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya interaksi signifikan antarperlakuan terhadap beberapa parameter; Interaksi B3M3 memengaruhi tinggi tanaman, Interaksi B3M2 memengaruhi jumlah daun, Interaksi B2M2 memengaruhi jumlah umbi, bobot umbi kering per petak, dan bobot umbi kering per hektar. Secara spesifik, pemberian pupuk organik ampas teh sebanyak 60 g per tanaman menghasilkan nilai indeks panen yang paling optimal. Sementara itu, dosis pupuk NPK 3 g per tanaman memberikan indeks panen yang tertinggi. Sebagai kesimpulan umum, kombinasi perlakuan pupuk (ampas teh dan NPK) memberikan performa hasil yang lebih unggul jika dibandingkan dengan perlakuan kontrol
When Social Responsibility Trascends Differences: Interactivity, Customer Co-Creation, and Perceived Value during a Boycott
Full text linkInteractivity in corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a significant catalyst for customer involvement, however, its role in sustaining brand value under socio-political pressure, such as boycott movements and across religious groups remains underexplored. This study examines the impact of perceived CSR interactivity on customer brand co-creation behavior (CBCB) and perceived value in the context of the Boycott, Divestment, and Sanctions (BDS) movement against Starbucks, while assessing potential differences between Muslim and Christian consumers. A quantitative approach was applied using PLS-SEM to test direct and indirect effects, alongside Multi-Group Analysis (MGA) to evaluate cross-religious responses. Data were collected from 110 Starbucks customers through online surveys using non-probability sampling. The result indicate that perceived CSR interactivity positively CBCB, which in turn enhances perceived value, confirming the mediating role of co-creation behavior. MGA reveals no significant differences between Muslim and Christian customers, suggesting that interactive CSR grounded in universal social values operates consistently across religious groups. Theoretically, this study extends Service-Dominant Logic by demonstrating that value co-creation through interactive CSR remains effective in crisis context characterized by boycott pressure. Businesses are therefore encouraged to design inclusive and interactive CSR initiatives to strengthen customer engagement and sustain brand value during reputational challenges.Interaktivitas dalam Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) merupakan katalis yang signifikan bagi keterlibatan pelanggan, namun dampaknya di antara berbagai kelompok agama, khususnya dalam gerakan seperti BDS, masih belum cukup diteliti. Penelitian ini mengkaji dampak persepsi interaktivitas CSR terhadap perilaku ko-kreasi merek oleh konsumen dan nilai yang dipersepsikan, dengan menyelidiki peran mediasi perilaku ko-kreasi merek oleh konsumen, sekaligus mengevaluasi perbedaan respons keagamaan. Pendekatan kuantitatif diterapkan dengan menggunakan PLS-SEM untuk menguji pengaruh langsung dan tidak langsung, serta Multi-Group Analysis (MGA) untuk menilai perbedaan antar kelompok. Data dikumpulkan dari 110 pelanggan Starbucks melalui survei daring dengan menggunakan teknik non-probability sampling. Persepsi interaktivitas CSR berdampak positif terhadap perilaku ko-kreasi, sehingga meningkatkan nilai yang dipersepsikan. MGA menunjukkan tidak adanya perbedaan yang signifikan antara pelanggan Muslim dan Kristen, yang mengindikasikan bahwa nilai-nilai CSR yang bersifat universal dapat diterima lintas kelompok agama. Perusahaan sebaiknya merancang program CSR yang inklusif dan interaktif untuk mendorong keterlibatan, membangun hubungan pelanggan yang lebih kuat, serta meningkatkan nilai merek.
 
DILEMA STRATEGIS KONFLIK INDIA-PAKISTAN DALAM BAYANG-BAYANG PATRONASE AMERIKA SERIKAT DAN TIONGKOK
Full text linkThe conflict between India and Pakistan has been going on for more than a decade and has intensified in recent years. In the context of contemporary geopolitics, this dispute reflects the dilemmas and complexities of the foreign policy of developing countries seeking to navigate their interests amid rivalries between major powers. This article examines the dynamics of the India-Pakistan conflict using the concept of the prisoner\u27s dilemma in the framework of game theory to understand how rational calculations and limited trust shape the behavior of both countries. In this analysis, the external involvement of Tiongkok and the United States is seen as a complementary variable that strengthens the incentives for both countries to maintain non-cooperative strategies for short-term national goals. This situation shows that the foreign policy orientation practiced by developing countries is often influenced by the distribution of power at the international level, which limits regional cohesion. This article contributes to expanding the study of international relations in South Asia, particularly in understanding how the involvement of extra-regional powers and strategic rationality shape foreign policy behavior in the protracted conflict between India and Pakistan.
Keywords: United States, India-Pakistan, Developing countries’ foreign policy, Prisoner’s dilemma, Tiongkok.
Konflik antara India dan Pakistan telah berlangsung selama lebih dari satu dekade dan dalam beberapa tahun terakhir semakin intensif. Dalam konteks kontemporer geopolitik, konfrontasi ini mencerminkan dilema dan kompleksitas politik luar negeri negara berkembang yang berupaya memajukan kepentingannya di tengah rivalitas kekuatan besar. Artikel ini menelaah dinamika konflik India-Pakistan dengan menggunakan konsep dilema tahanan dalam kerangka teori permainan guna memahami bagaimana kalkulasi rasional dan keterbatasan kepercayaan membentuk perilaku kedua negara. Dalam analisis ini, keterlibatan eksternal Tiongkok dan Amerika Serikat dipandang sebagai variabel pelengkap yang memperkuat insentif bagi kedua negara tersebut mempertahankan startegi non-kooperatif demi tujuan nasional jangka pendek. Situasi ini menampilkan bahwa orientasi politik luar negeri yang dipraktikkan oleh negara berkembang kerap dipengaruhi oleh distribusi kekuatan pada tingkat internasional yang membatasi kohesi regional. Artikel ini berkontribusi dalam memperluas kajian hubungan internasional di kawasan Asia Selatan, khususnya dalam memahami bagaimana keterlibatan kekuatan ekstraregional dan rasionalitas strategi membentuk perilaku politik luar negeri dalam konflik berkepanjangan antara India dan Pakistan.
Kata kunci : Amerika Serikat, India-Pakistan, Politik luar negeri negara berkembang, Dilema Tahanan, Tiongkok
THE INDONESIAN DPD\u27S ROLE AND POTENTIAL AS A LABORATORY OF SUBNATIONAL PARLIAMENTARY DIPLOMACY
No full textThe development of global diplomacy reveals an increasing role for subnational actors in international relations, alongside the strengthening of decentralization and multilevel governance. In Indonesia, this phenomenon creates an opportunity for the Regional Representative Council (DPD RI) to contribute by representing regional interests. This study aims to analyze the position, potential, and limitations of the DPD in Indonesia\u27s subnational diplomacy, employing a descriptive qualitative approach that integrates the theories of paradiplomacy and parliamentary diplomacy. The findings reveal that the DPD has significant potential to serve as a laboratory for paradiplomacy, particularly through its coordinative, advocacy, and facilitative roles in promoting regional interests with an international dimension. However, this role has not been optimized due to limitations in formal authority, the lack of institutionalized mechanisms for region-based diplomacy, and the dominance of executive actors and the DPR in the national diplomatic structure. This study concludes that strengthening the role of the DPD requires regulatory adjustments, enhanced collaboration among the DPD, DPR, and the MOFA, and the development of a diplomatic agenda based on regional strengths. Theoretically, this study contributes to the enrichment of subnational parliamentary diplomacy studies, and practically offers policy directions towards a more inclusive and multilevel Indonesian diplomacy
Classification of music based on emotion using the fuzzy inference system algorithm (fis) Mamdani
No full textPurpose: Applying audio features music to classify the emotion based on moods using fuzzy inference system algorithm and to analyze the effect of music on playlists using the methods. Design/methodology/approach: Implement the Fuzzy Inference system Algorithm to classify and using features audio music. Findings/result: From the test results with con- fusion matrix represent that the mamdani fuzzy inference system (fis) obtained average accuracy 75 %, precision 85 %, and recall 81 %. Origi- nality/value/state of the art: In this study, the the selection feature using mutual information to find the value of the musical parameters used for classification. Previous studies only used machine learning models, but did not use learning models with parameter value selection features. The data in this study were obtained from spotify for developers
Optimization of Foodstuffs for Patients with Hypertension Using the Improved Particle Swarm Optimization Method
No full textPurpose: to find out the optimal food composition for people with hypertension by considering nutrition and the price of the food ingredients used using the Improved Particle Swarm Optimization method, so that it can help people with hypertension in regulating the composition of the food that must be consumed. Findings/result: From this research, recommendations for food composition are produced according to the conditions or circumstances of the user. With recommendations, the food is divided into 3 portions, namely breakfast, lunch and dinner. Breakfast and lunch consist of staple foods, vegetable sources, animal sources, vegetables and fruits. While dinner consists of staple food, vegetable sources, animal sources, vegetables and fruits without using fruit foods, Originality/value/state of the art: This study considers the price and nutrition of the food ingredients used to produce an optimal food composition for people with hypertension. As well as in research using the Improved Particle Swarm Optimization method
Simulation of Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil Using Methanol-Activated CaO Recycling Catalyst: Kinetic and Techno-Economic Evaluation
Full text linkWaste cooking oil is a food industry waste product that can be converted into biodiesel as an alternative fuel. The use of heterogeneous base catalysts such as commercial CaO offers advantages in biodiesel production due to its reusability. This study investigated biodiesel production from waste cooking oil using commercial CaO catalyst through simulations to evaluate kinetics and techno-economics of its production at plant scale. The simulations used in this study were divided into three process schemes. Scheme 1 was a scheme without CaO catalyst recycling, Scheme 2 was a scheme with 3x recycling of the commercial CaO catalyst, and Scheme 3 was a scheme with 10x recycling of the commercial CaO catalyst. The results showed that the recycling process of commercial CaO catalyst used affects the conversion value of waste cooking oil into biodiesel. Lower reaction conversion was obtained with increasing amounts of recycled commercial CaO catalyst. The highest conversion of waste cooking oil to biodiesel achieved in this study was 92.84% from scheme 1. Based on the techno-economic evaluation, scheme 1 was the most profitable compared to the other schemes, with a net present value of US$34,652,659. Schemes 2 and 3 had lower net present values due to the increase in total capital investment and operational costs for recycling commercial CaO compared to scheme 1. Meanwhile, based on CaO catalyst requirements, scheme 3 had the lowest CaO requirement which was 3.06 tons/year