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Influence of Some Innovation Attributes on the Adoption of Growing Sunflower in Rahad Scheme
Get PDFThe vital economic importance of sunflower as one of the oil crops encouraged its introduction to the Sudan in the last twenty years. The production of sunflower crop began in Rahad scheme, as in other irrigated areas in the country, in 1992/93 growing season. Field survey was used to collect data from 100 sunflower growers (adopters) in Rahad Scheme (block 10) in 2002/2003 growing season selected from a total population of 1000-1100 farmers by using the simple random sample technique. An equal number of non-adopters was selected for comparison. The total number of interviewed farmers was 200. The collected data was statistically analyzed using the chi-square test. The results showed significant association (dependency) between adoption of growing sunflower (the innovation) and some of its attributes: Relative advantage on perceived production cost and income, compatibility with farmers need as cash crop and animal feed, complexity associated with use of technical package for sunflower. From the findings of this study, we can conclude that the adoption of this crop was dependent on some innovation attributes and the results were expected to reveal factors influencing adoption of the crop. The authors recommend that more attention should be given by agronomists to this crop in order to improve the yield of the crop and extension services should design special programs for the crop to promote its rate of adoption
Some Physical and Chemical Characteristics of some "gardud" Soils in the State pf North Kordofan, Sudan
Get PDF Four locations south of Elobied town in the State of North Kordofan were selected to represent three "gardud" soils in May-June 1996. These locations were Aradayia, Umood, Bangadeed and Kaba. The results of the study showed that the soils are genetically young and are, therefore classified as Entisols and Inceptisols. The soil at Kaba is coarse loamy and those at Umood, Aradayia and Bangadeed are fine loamy. Kaolinite is the dominant clay type of the soil at Kaba, whereas smectites dominate the other three soils. The soil at Kaba is conceived to be formed in situ from sandstone as substantiated by grain-size. distribution, while the other three soils are of alluvial origin. The compactness of the soils at Aradayia, Umood, and Bangadeed is seen as a result of cementation of coarse soil separates by smectitic clays, whereas that of the soil at Kaba is envisaged as cementation by iron oxides. The soils at Aradayia, Umood, and Bangadeed are moderately fertile, whereas that at Kaba is infertile. The former three soils can be utilized under judicious cultural practices that increase soil permeability for rain water, lessen erosion hazard, and conserve soil moisture, in addition to rational application of nitrogen fertilizers. The "gardud" soils at Aradayia, Umood and Bangadeed have promising potential for field crops suited to the prevalent climate in the area, whereas the "gardud" soil at Kaba is best suited for natural grazing and tree crops, i.e., Acacia senegal (Hashab)
Determination of Gossypol Content in Cottonseed Oil and Cake by HPLC and GC/ms
Get PDF This study investigated gossypol content in cottonseed oil and cottonseed cake of Bt cottonseed (Seeni1) and non-Bt cottonseed (Barakat 90, Abdeen, Mixed) in oil and cake by difference methods. Among the all non-Bt cottonseed varieties Barakat (90) had shown higher amount of gossypol content in oil and cake (470 and 467) ppm (890 and 897) ppm by using HPLC and GC/MS respectively. Moreover, Bt cottonseed variety (Seeni1) had shown lower amount of gossypol content using both methods (320 and 326) ppm and (640 and 635) ppm by using HPLC and GC/MS respectively. From the present study, we observed that was no significant difference in gossypol content between Bt cottonseed and non-Bt cottonseed varieties. Bt cottonseed variety has lower amount of gossypol being of more economical importance to farmers having cotton as their cash crop
Response of Banana "Williams Hybrid" to Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium Fertilization
Get PDFField experiments were conducted at the National Institute for Promotion of Horticultural Exports (NIPHE) research farm during the
period of 2001 to 2002 to determine the effects of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium levels on growth parameters, earliness, nutrient uptake, yield and yield components of "William's hybrid" banana cultivar. Treatments included 5 N levels (0, 69, 138, 207 and 276g N/mat/year), 2 P levels (0 and 20 g P/mat/year) and 2 K levels (0 and 41 g K/mat/year) . The treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Banana growth, yield and yield components were significantly increased by N and K application. The highest vegetative growth parameters, yield and yield components were obtained with the application of 207 g N/mat/year in combination with 41 g K/mat/year. Application of N in combination with K also resulted in a significant reduction in the period from plant-ing to shooting and from shooting to fruit maturation. The shortest number of days to shooting were obtained with the application of 276 g N/mat/year. Application of N, P and K also resulted in increased leaf N, P and K contents. Application of P alone or in combinations with N and K had no significant effects on growth or yield parameters
Wheat Response to Partially Acidified Phosphate Rock, Triple Super Phosphate and their Combinations in Vertisols in Sudan
Get PDFConventional water soluble phosphorus fertilizers(PF) such as triple super phosphate (TSP) is expensive because it is an imported commodity. Therefore, it is wise to substitute it by a cheap local material where possible. Phosphate rock (PR) was found to be a suitable material as a source of phosphorus (P) for plants. To investigate this, a two year(Novermber1999 and 2000) field experiment with wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), was carried out on a clay soil, in the Research Farm of the College of Agricultural Studies, University of Sudan. This was meant to test the agricultural value of using partially acidified phosphate rock (PAPR). Treatments consisted of two P sources (TSP and PAPR) applied at the rates of O, 43.0, 64.5 and 86.0 kg P205 ha-1 Inoculation of wheat seeds with Vesicular arbuscular mychorrhiza (VAM) was also tested to determine its effects on release of P from PAPR. Results showed that P APR, alone or in combination with TSP, significantly increased grain and straw yield over those of TSP alone by 31 to 41% and 9 to 18% in the two seasons, respectively. Phosphorus residual effect on yield of grain and straw of wheat was significantly higher in plots treated with PAPR compared to those treated with TSP. Inoculation of the seeds with VAM fungus did not show any significant effects on yield. It could be concluded that, mixing PAPR with TSP increased its effectiveness relative to PAPR alone, and therefore PAPR is proposed as a source of P for irrigated wheat in the Vertisols of the Sudan
Effect of Three Organic Manures on some Physical and Chemical Properties of Khashm Elgirba Soil Series
Get PDFThe effect of farmyard manure (FYM), filtermud (FM), and bagasse on some physical and chemical properties of Khashm Elgirda soil series was studied in 1999-2000. Each of the organic manures was applied at a rate of 0,15,30,45,60, and 75 t ha-1 in a RCBD with four replications. The organic manures were incorporated into the soil using hand tools. The study showed that increasing the rate of each of the applied manures resulted in a highly significant reduction in the soil bulk density and consequently a highly significant increase in both total soil porosity and soil moisture. Bagasse was the most effective in reducing the soil bulk density followed by FYM and lastly FM. The study also indicated that increasing rates of application of each of the tested manures resulted in small increments of both exchangeable potassium and organic carbon. However, the investigation did not show any noticeable increase in total soil nitrogen
Forage yield potential of Sudan grass-cowpea irrigated mixtures in central Sudan
Get PDF The study was conducted at the Gezira University Farm, Wad Medani, Sudan, during the winter of 1998 and autumn of 1999 to investigate the effects of nine cropping systems, two rates of nitrogen and two harvesting dates on the quantity and quality of the forage produced by Sudan grass-cowpea mixtures. In both seasons, Sudan grass in around two months from sowing while cowpea flowered in about one month. Black seeded Sudan grass variety (SG2) outperformed the light brown seeded Sudan grass variety (SGI). The autumn forage yields were higher than those of winter. Mixing increased the per plant growth parameters of both crops and across seasons. In winter, the fresh forage yield of pure cowpea and the highest yielding mixture (40 SG2 + 20 CP) were comparable (averaging 6.6 t/ha), while in autumn, the highest yielding crop mixture was 30 SG2 + 30 CP (19.01 t/ha) which is not siB1ificantly different from that of pure SG2 (19.08 t/ha). The land equivalent ratio (LER) values exceeded 1.00, in both seasons, showing a clear advantage of mixtures over monocultures. The addition of 44 kg N/ha significantly increased the growth parameters and forage yield of sole Sudan grass and its mixtures with cowpea but not that of pure cowpea. Harvesting at 60 days from sowing appreciably increased growth parameters, fresh forage yield and quality of forage produced by all seeding combinations. Mixing showed significant effects on crude protein percentage, crude fibre percentage, total crude protein and total crude fibre
The Dependence of the Out Put Power and Absorptivity of Waveguides and Nano Solar Cells on the low Frequency and Dimensions
Get PDF One of the most prominent problems facing Scientists in designing solar cells nowadays is to design highly efficient solar cells by increasing its light absorptivity. This needs a design of highly efficient solar cells having nanometer dimensions in a form of a waveguide.
Since the design of such cells is difficult in the Sudan, this paper attempted to design absorption microwave cells to know how the absorption depends on the dimensions of the rectangular waveguid
Agronomic performance, genetic variability and interrelationships of grain yield and its components of selected maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes
Get PDF In Sudan, maize is a promising crop. It has been known and grown for a long time on small scale, under rainfed, flood and irrigated conditions. However, recently, there is increasing interest in maize production for export. In this study, 22 open pollinated genotypes introduced from International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) and Intentional Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) plus two local checks (Var113, Hudieba-2) were evaluated over two seasons (2017 and 2018) and four locations, viz. New Halfa, Kassala, Gezira and Elsuki Research Station Farms of the Agricultural Research Corporation (ARC) of the Sudan. The objectives of this study were to evaluate these genotypes for grain yield and yield components and identify high yielding and stable genotypes under different environments. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. The characters measured were days to 50% tasseling and silking, plant and ear height, ear length, number of kernel rows/ear and number of kernels per row, ear diameter,100-kernel weight and grain yield. The study revealed significant differences among the 24 maize genotypes for most of the studied traits in each season and location separately and across them paving the road for improvement via selection. The simple linear correlation coefficient and path coefficient analysis depicted that the correlation coefficient of most traits with grain yield were significant but suggested ear diameter, ear length, number of kernels per ear and 100 kernel weight as selection criteria for grain yield improvement. Statistical analysis revealed that genotypes TZBREld-3C5, TZBR Eld-4-WC1, BR9922-DMRSR, TZBR Comp1-Y, TZEE-YPOP STR CY, 503SWAB-2, ECAQVE-6 and ECASTRIG- OFF-153 were the highest yielding across environments with a grain yield of over 2500 kg/ha. They were recommended to be grown in the favorable supplementary irrigation conditions of New Halfa, Gezira and Elsuki. The low yielding and stable genotypes of TZBREld-3C5, TZBREld-4-YC1, TZBR Comp1-W, HYDER ABAD97502 (RE) and ECASTRIGOFF-153 were recommended to be grown in the unfavorable rainfed condition of Kassala
Effect of Sowing Date and Intra-Row Spacing on Growth and Yield of Groundnut at El Rahad Agricultural Scheme
Get PDFThe effects of sowing date and intra-row spacing on growth and yield of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) were evaluated over a 3- year period in the irrigated Rahad Scheme. The main effects of sowing date and intra-row spacing were significant but their interactions were not. Late sowing in August and September resulted in small plants with fewer pods, low biological and pod yields due to their development under the low temperatures of November, December and January. On the other hand, high number of pods was produced per plant at wide intra-row spacing but most of the pods were immature with poor shelling percentage and low 100-seed weight. This was attributed to the uneven maturity of groundnut at harvest where pods were initiated over a longer period of time particularly in the low plant population. Early sowing (June) and the high plant population (250000 plants/ ha) proved to be essential package components for the alternately branched variety (MH383) under irrigated vertisol of El Rahad Agricultural Scheme