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Forecasting rainfed sorghum yield using satellite-derived vegetation indices with limited ground-based information in Gadarif region, eastern Sudan
Get PDFA practical crop growth and yield monitoring system based on satellite data is required and fundamental not only for precision farming, but also very useful for global food security enhancement. This study was performed to determine the optimal vegetation index and also to identify the best time for making a reliable crop yield forecast in one of the major sorghum-growing region (Gedarif State, Sudan). The study was also aimed to develop a simple yield prediction model which was later validated using an official yield data acquired during 2013 and 2014 cropping seasons from the Department of Information System and Statistical Analysis of the State Ministry of Agriculture, Gedarif State. The study used NASA’s multi-temporal MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) land products with limited ground information. Relationship between sorghum yield and crop reflectance indicated that normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) at the third dekad of September (Sep.III) is the most appropriate to develop sorghum yield prediction model with higher R2 value of 0.77 (p<0.05) compared to other vegetation indices (normalized ratio vegetation index, NRVI and soil-adjusted vegetation index, SAVI). The plotting of estimated yield against actual yield during 2013 and 2014 cropping seasons revealed strong positive and linear correlations (R2 = 0.64 (p=0.06) and 0.74 (p<0.05), respectively with average R2 = 0.71 (p<0.001) for both seasons. This study concluded that a good prediction of rainfed sorghum yield could be achieved more than 30 days before harvesting with quick, accurate and cost-effective method compared to traditional field surveys
فاعلية الصحافة فى تشكيل الوعي السياسي لدى طلاب الجامعات السودانية
No full textحظي موضوع وسائل الإعلام المقروؤة ( الصحافة ) باهتمام العديد من المفكرين، والأكاديميين ، والباحثين ؛ لما له من دور في إثارة اهتمام الجمهور بالأزمات والقضايا والمشكلات المطروحة.لذا انطلقت هذه الدراسة للتعرف على فاعلية الصحافة في تشكيل الوعي السياسي لدى طلاب الجامعات السودانية . وتنبع أهمية الدراسة في أنها قد تسهم في فهم طبيعة تأثير الصحافة على الوعي السياسي لدي طلبة الجامعات.واستخدم الباحث منهج "المسح" باعتباره أنسب المناهج البحثية لمثل هذه الدراسات. حيث قام الباحث بإعداد استبانه شملت ثلاثة محاور تضمن المحور الأول على البيانات الأولية الخاصة بطلاب تخصص العلوم السياسية بكلية الاقتصاد والتنمية الريفية – جامعة الجزيرة ، والثاني يحتوى على قياس تعرض الطلاب للصحافة ، والمحور الأخير يحتوى على قياس مدى الوعي السياسي للطلاب. وقام الباحث بتطبيق تلك الإستبانة بعد التأكد من صدقها وثباتها " على عينه مكونه من " 30 " طالباً. وبعد جمع البيانات، ثم تحليلها تم التوصل إلى مدى فاعلية وسائل الإعلام المقروءة ( الصحافة ) فى بلورة وتشكيل الوعي السياسي لدى طلاب الجامعات السودانية. كما خرجت بتوصيات من أهمها وضع آليات، وإستراتيجيات عملية لمواجهة طوفان المادة الإعلامية ، الغير هادفة، والتي تستهدف وعي وقيم ومفاهيم المجتمع السوداني
New Gene Combinations Conferring Resistance to the Bacterial Blight Disease of Cotton
Get PDFF2 plants comprising different gene combinations were evaluated
for cotton bacterial blight resistance in the field of the Gezira Research Station and the greenhouse of the Plant Pathology Centre of the University of Gezira, Neshashiba, Wad Medani, during the autumn of 2002. Results generally showed significant differences between different gene combinations in resistance to the new race of the bacterium Xanthomonas campestris pv. malvacearum. Leaf disease grades ranged from 4 to 6. Most of the plants fell into grade 5. Genotype 12, with expected gene combination of (B2B3B6B7B9B12), expressed the highest level of resistance with a mean disease grade of 4, while genotypes 7, 11 and 15 showed the lowest level of resistance with a mean disease grade of 6. The results indicated the importance of the genetic background B2B3B7 in improving resistance to both the old and the new races when one of the following major genes B4, B6, B9, and B12 is incorporated. In such background, resistance level improves as the number of genes increases. Therefore, the commercial resistant cultivars having B2B6 genetic background to the old race of the bacterium can be replaced by the genetic background involving B2B3B7 in addition to one of the four major genes mentioned above in order to protect the cotton crop. Genotypes 5, 6, 12, and 19 were recommended for further improvement as they expressed relatively high level of resistance to the pathogen.
 
Weaning Food Formulation from Different Blends of Cereals and Legumes
Get PDFSix weaning food formulations F1—F6 composed of wheat (50-55 % ) de-hulled broad beans (15-35 %), sesame (5-10 %), fenugreek (0- I5 %), skim milk (0-8 %), sugar (4 %), ground nut oil (1.5 %) and vitamins/salt mixture (l .5 %); were selected for calculated amino acid scores and energy values. They were processed using the roller drum- drying technique. Protein content of processed formulations Fl-F6 was found in the range of 17.4 to 18.5% and energy value from 346 to 372 Kcal/100g. Viscosity at 12.5 % guel concentration ranged from 2600 to 8350 cp for F5 and F3 respectively. The high viscosity ofF3 can be related to its fenugreek content (15 %). Weaning food formulations including wheat, de-hulled broad beans and sesame with fenugreek at zero and 5% level showed acceptable characteristics and high nutritive
value
Effect of Plant Density and Spatial Arrangement on Growth, Quality and Yield of Morphologically Varying Cotton Varieties
Get PDFField experiments were conducted at Rahad Research Station for two seasons (2000/2001 and 2001/2002) focusing on how the vari- ation in genotypes, plant density and spatial arrangement affects cotton yield and quality . The combined analysis indicated significant
responses due to main effects but their interactions were not. Regr- ession analysis for plant density-yield response curve exhibited a curvilinear relationship with the highest seed cotton yield (3895 kg/ha(. achieved at 125000 plants/ha and thereafter started to decrease. Such an optimum density was achieved by planting 3 plants/hill spaced at 30cm intra-row spacing. On average, Acala (93)H out-yielded Barac (67)B and Sudac-K by 22% and 59%, respectively. Sticky cotton due to honeydew secretions was thermodetectly measured, with sticky spots for Acala 93H, Barac(67)B and Sudac-K being in the ranges of 6-40, 4-22 and 0-12, respectively. Yet ,for each variety, the sticky spots range increased concomitantly with the increase in planting density. This was discussed in relation to variability in variety specific traits such as hairiness, glabrousness and plant canopy architecture. Nevertheless, these values were dramatically lower than those recorded internationally for the Sudan Cotton. Days to the last pick were 130, 170 and 185 for Sudac-K, and Acala (93)H, respectively. Accordingly, Sudac-K which is an early maturing, super- okra-leaf (SOL), highly resistant to whiteflies(Bemisia tabaci) but of comparatively low yield, emerged as a suitable choice for a short duration low management system where problems of late irrigation and build up of whiteflies are anticipated. Conversely, Acala (93)H (Nour 93), being hairy, physiologically efficient in compensating for yield losses due to late adversities and with stay green character is best fitted into long season high management strategy
Evaluation of Biochemical Parameters for Sickle Cell Anemic Children at Kassala City, Eastern Sudan
Get PDFBackground: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an inherited disease caused by gene mutation. Many investigators reported that Eastern Sudan has rich SCD and also an association with biochemical parameters such as liver and renal function tests.
Objective: The present study was to assess the plasma biochemical parameters such as urea, creatinine and sodium (Na) and potassium (K) total protein, albumin, Bilirubin, Aspartate Transaminase (AST), Alanine Transaminase (ALT) and Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) in SCD as case group and apparently healthy persons as control group.
Materials and Methods:The study was conducted at Kassala Teaching Hospital, Kassala city, Eastern Sudan. This study was carried during December 2019 to January 2020. A total of 100 subjects enrolled in this study, 50 patients with SCD as case group and 50 apparently healthy as control group. The plasma biochemical parameters were estimated using Biosystem-350(Semi automated chemistry analyzer), and plasma Na and K were estimated using Easylyte. The data was analyzed using SPSS version (23).
Results:Study populations were matched age and sex, the age ranged from 5 to 15 years with their average age 8years. The plasma Na was insignificance difference in case compared to control group. The plasma K, urea and creatinine (p=0.039) were significantly increase compared to control group. Also the plasma total protein, albumin, Bilirubin, creatinine, AST, ALT and ALP were significantly increase in case group compared to control group. The age was strong association into plasma urea(r=0.583, p=.000) and plasma crearinine (r=0.759, p=.000). The negative correlation between plasma Na and plasma urea (r= -.335, p=0.017). There was positive correlation between plasma urea and creatinine (r=0.332, p=0.018). Their strong association between plasma Bilirubin and ALP activity (r= .563, P=.000), and also their strongly association between liver enzymes plasma level among SCD patients (r=.873, 381, 563, P= .000, .006, 000).
Conclusion:The study concluded that, significance increased in plasma K, urea creatinine, plasma total protein, and albumin, Bilirubin, AST, ALT and ALP. Strong association between age and plasma urea, creatinine, and the negative correlation between plasma Na and plasma urea and also positive correlation between plasma urea and creatinine. There were positive correlation between plasma urea and creatinine. Their strong association between plasma bilirubin and ALP levels and also their strongly association between liver enzymes levels among SCD patients. Observation of the study concludes the biochemical abnormality play a significant role in sickle cell patient’s physiopathology and can be used to management of the disease
Development of Human Body Measurements Size System for Clothing
Get PDF Measuring systems for clothes size have to be up dated from time to time, therefore this study aims to develop the human body measurement without any direct contact using image technique to decrease time of measurement, to increase accuracy of measurement and to compare between manual measurement and image technique measurement for human body measurement. Manual and image technique measurements were taken to Fifty subjects ( male and female) students. The general data of the subjects which includes the age, weight and height was recorded.
The image technique measurement had taken a period of 0.96 minutes whereas the manual measurement had taken 3.8 minutes for every subject, which indicates that the measurement by image technique needs a shorter time. Images of the subjects were captured using a digital camera. These images were fed to a computer and processed using Adope Photoshop program. Measurement calculations were transferred to Microsoft Excel program and equations were developed for size measurement.
Concerning the difference in size measurement values for both techniques, the
results had shown no difference in these values. Statistical calculations including the mean, standard deviations and correlation coefficients were done to the values of the measurements for both image and manual techniques
Soil Moisture Content as a Determining Factor for Machinery Selection
Get PDF Experiments were conducted at the Seed Propagation Farm of the
Rahad Scheme (280km south of Khartoum) to determine the soil workability criterion of the clay soil, which is the dominant type of soil in the region of rainfed agriculture in the Sudan. The parameters used were the soil bulk density, shear strength, draft, wheel slip and particle size distribution. It was found that the suitable range of SMC for plowing lies between 0.17FC and 0.80FC (14%-29.9% of the available moisture content)
Measuring N2- Fixation by some Varieties of Groundnut and their Residual Effect on Subsequent Sorghum Crop using 15N Methodology
Get PDFFive varieties of groundnuts were studied for their exact amount of nitrogen fixation effect on subsequent sorghum crop. The 15N methodology was used with a non-nodulating groundnut isoline as the reference crop. Six months after the groundnut harvest, sorghum was sown to study the presence of any residual N from fixation and/or soils own conserved N. The non-nodulating groundnut as a reference crop could detect N fixation (Ndfa) as amounting to 60% —70% of the crops need, i.e., 20%-30% more than the 40% -50% detected using sesame as the reference crop. The N derived from soil (Ndfs) was reduced from 50%-60% to 30%-40% which is much closer to what the low N (300ppm) Gezira soil can provide. Subsequent sorghum was positively affected by the preceding groundnut varieties but only variety Medani gave significant straw and total biological yields over the non-nodulating isoline. There was, therefore, an indication of residual N represented by the higher parameters recorded for the varieties. Groundnut is thus a good preceding crop for cereals though more research work is needed in the area of biological nitrogen fixation
التفكير ما وراء المعرفي وعلاقته ببعض المتغيرات لدى عينة من الموهوبين
No full text هدف هذا البحث إلى معرفة علاقة التفكير ما وراء المعرفي بحجم الأسرة، وترتيب الطالب الموهوب فيها ومستوى تعليم الآباء. ولتحقيق ذلك قامت الباحثة بتطبيق مقياس مهارات ما وراء المعرفة على أفراد العينة البالغ عددهم (21) طالباً وطالبة، وتكونت من طلاب الصف الثاني بمدارس عبدالله الطيب للموهبة والتمييز الثانوية للعام الدراسي 2019- 2020م ببحري، اتبعت الباحثة المنهج الوصفي، وبعد المعالجات الإحصائية أظهرت نتائج البحث: عدم وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية لدى الموهوبين وترتيبهم في الأسرة، كما لا توجد فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية بين التفكير ما وراء المعرفي ومستوى تعليم الآباء، على ضوء النتائج التي كشف عنها البحث أوصت الباحثة بعدة توصيات، منها: ضرورة تزويد القائمين على تخطيط وتطوير المناهج الدراسية الوضع في الحسبان تطبيق برامج تنمية مهارات التفكير في مراحل التعليم المختلفة. اقترحت الباحثة إجراء دراسات للتعرف على اتجاهات المعلمين نحو برامج التفكير، تطبيق المزيد من البحوث التجريبية عن برامج تنمية مهارات التفكير المختلفة لجميع المراحل التعليمية.