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The Relationships Among Attachment Styles, Trauma, and the Retrieval of Early Episodic or Autobiographical Memories
No full textChildhood attachment styles can significantly impact our emotional and psychological well-being, as well as our approach to relationships in adolescence and adulthood. Prior research studies have demonstrated a relationship between attachment style and early memory retrieval. Similarly, trauma has been associated with memory loss or difficulties with recall. The current study aims to examine the relationship between attachment styles and the retrieval of early memories, as well as the connection between infantile amnesia, and histories of trauma. The study recruited 94 individuals through community outreach and social media. Participants were administered the Experiences in Close Relationships questionnaire (ECR-R), the Childhood Memories Scale (CMS), and the Trauma History Questionnaire (THQ) via Qualtrics. Six participants were excluded from the final analysis. A One-way ANOVA, Pearson product moment correlation, and chi-squared analysis was used to explore the relationship between attachment style, trauma, and early memory retrieval. Findings from the study did not yield significant results due to several limitations and potential moderating or mediating factors. Although not conclusive, the study implies that attachment style could affect memory retrieval, and both attachment style and trauma may influence early memory retrieval, consistent with prior research on this subject. There is a lack of research on how trauma contributes to memory loss, but exploring attachment styles can shed light on the role of positive parent-child relationships in coping with trauma. Studying this topic among adults can help improve evidence-based practices for mental health issues
Safer Sex Practices: The Connection Between Parent-Child Relationship Quality and Sexual Risk Taking in Adolescent Sexual Minority Males
No full textSecure attachment between adolescents and their parents has been identified as an important protective factor against risk taking in adolescents, including sexual behaviors that may transmit HIV or other STI’s. Related research has found that when adolescents feel secure in their relationship to their parents, they often feel more comfortable discussing topics of sex with their parents as well as their partners. This open communication can, in turn, promote healthy sexual behavior. Despite the high stakes of sexual behavior in adolescent sexual minority males (ASMM), who are at a particularly disproportionate rate for HIV infection, no known studies have tested the hypothesis that communication about sex may be involved in indirect pathways linking attachment security and sexual risk taking in this population. This study thus tested a theoretically grounded path model of the association between attachment security and sexual risk behaviors (defined as expectations to engage in safer sex practices with a partner and intentions to practice safer sex with a partner, including using condoms) through the mechanisms of conversations between parents and children about sex, and adolescents’ own self-efficacy about sexual communication with partners. Data was collected from 78 ASMM ages 15-19 years old who completed an online survey measuring demographic information, the Parent-Teen Sexual Risk Communication Scale, the Sexual Communication Self-Efficacy Scale, the Experiences in Close Relationships Scale-Relationships Structures, and the Sexual Risks Scale. No indirect effects were observed. Direct effects indicated that more avoidantly attached ASMM expect their partners to engage in condomless anal sex and not be open to talking about safer sex practices. They were also less likely to engage in conversations with their parents about topics related to sex. Next, ASMM who engage in conversations related to sex with their parents were more likely to feel confident in talking about sex with their partners. Finally, ASMM who displayed confidence in talking about sex with their partners were more likely to expect their partners to take part in safer sex practices. Findings suggest that attachment may be related to sexual risk in ASMM; however, not through the variables considered (parent-child sexual communication and sexual communication self-efficacy). Some findings from this study have not previously been studied in ASMM. First, this is the first known study to find a link between avoidant attachment in ASMM and parent-child sexual communication. Next, there are no known studies to have found a correlation between parent-child sexual communication in ASMM and sexual communication self-efficacy. Finally, this is the first known study to find that sexual communication self-efficacy was predictive of expectations to practice safer sex in ASMM. Implications from this study highlight the potential for both individual and family interventions that can target rejection and lack of support in adolescents with more avoidant attachment in order to prevent sexual transmission risk behaviors. For all ASMM, interventions that focus on building open communication skills between parents and children about topics of sex can increase the likelihood that adolescents will have more confidence in talking about sex with partners. Next, providing corrective attachment in families with more insecure attachment styles can also build more support amongst family members and create a safe space for adolescents to talk about vulnerable topics, like sex. Also, working with parents can help to increase their level of acceptance, comfort, and capacity to speak openly about sex with their adolescent. Additional implications for schools include providing professional development to teachers to aid more avoidantly attached ASMM who are struggling to feel accepted
Large Language Models: AI\u27s Legal Revolution
Get PDFThis article contemplates and advocates for the use of Artificial Intelligence (“AI”) through Large Language Models (“LLM”) in legal practice. The author ultimately addresses the need to orient LMMs within varying legal contexts including academia, private practice, as well as the U.S. court system. Additionally, the author emphasizes the inevitability of AI and LLM systems infiltrating legal practice, and the reality that the industry must acknowledge and accept these systems to regulate and to provide better while still ethical legal services. Large Language Models: AI’s Legal Revolution, begins by walking the reader through the history of technological innovation of AI, all the way to modern LLM systems. This in turn lays a foundation for understanding what exactly the product is that should shape the legal landscape, and why we should be paying better attention to it. The article then compares and contrasts the current LLM products on the market, including a discussion of their capabilities in the context of legal work. Finally, the article discusses the different practical areas of law where LLMs can prove to enhance the legal industry, how so, and the benefits that LLMs may bring to the landscape of law in the twenty-first century
Virtuous Cycles: The Interaction of Public and Private Environmental Governance
Get PDFThe climate crisis has provoked a call for action from all sides. Private governance, public regulation, and individual behavior are all vital pieces of our path toward decarbonization and climate adaptation. Despite this, some scholars and policymakers argue that private environmental governance undermines public efforts to regulate climate harms. This paper draws on existing scholarship in law, policy, and psychology to answer these critiques, proposing four taxonomies of beneficial public-private collaboration on environmental governance. It then applies these models, tracking the shift in U.S. environmental legislation from “polluter pays” to “beneficiary pays” strategies to show a shift from rivalry to collaboration between public and private governance. Tracking examples of this shift, it analyzes the ways that the Inflation Reduction Act and Draft Federal Acquisition Regulation demonstrate the potential of public-private climate partnerships. Finally, it analyzes similar collaborative approaches in international law to show that rather than a “race to the bottom,” the interaction of public and private governance can form virtuous cycles that have the capacity to increase decarbonization efforts across sectors
The Green Future and the Golden Past: Issues and Approaches Regarding the Sustainability of Historical Structures and Sites
Get PDFThis Article illustrates the harmonies and conflict between historic preservation and environmental law in the context of urgently meeting climate change challenges. The Article presents an overarching analysis of the relationship between historic preservation and environmentalism, discerning unifying aspects and modern conflicts through statutory laws and case studies. It begins with detailing the parallel goals between the two causes, drawing on key similarities between the National Historic Preservation Act and the National Environmental Policy Act, the main tools for ensuring federal review for each field, and highlighting sustainable refurbishment as a prime example on achieving both ends with the same means. The Article then shifts towards their increasing conflict in the context of climate change action, looking at, for example, the friction between the rapid energy transition and historic preservation federal review. Because deceleration caused by federal review is not feasible in meeting current ambitious emission goals, the Article posits streamlined solutions that can be implemented to ensure each set of goals are met efficiently. This Article concludes with an analysis of these solutions within these unreconciled areas
Repatriating the Buffalo: NAGPRA’s Applicability to Yellowstone Bison Management
Get PDFThe American bison—also known as the buffalo—holds great significance to many Native American people and cultures. Although bison populations have grown since their near destruction in the 19th century, the last remaining wild bison are under threat by the National Park Service’s Yellowstone management plan. Native representatives have had only a limited advisory role in creating the plan, and a number of Native individuals and advocacy groups have spoken out against it. This essay explores the possibility of applying the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act to living animals for the first time, categorizing the bison as “objects of cultural patrimony” in order to facilitate repatriation and shift management authority to tribal representatives
Coming to a Crossroad: How the DOJ\u27s Anti-Trust Decision to Stop the Penguin Random House and Simon & Schuster Acquisition Affects the Publishing Landscape.
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Property\u27s Boundaries
Get PDFProperty law has a boundary problem. Courts are routinely called upon to decide whether certain kinds of things can be owned--cells, genes, organs, gametes, embryos, corpses, personal data, and more. Under prevailing contemporary theories of property law, questions like these have no justiciable answers. Because property has no conceptual essence, they maintain, its boundaries are arbitrary--a flexible normative choice more properly legislative than judicial.
This Article instead offers a straightforward descriptive theory of property\u27s boundaries. The common law of property is legitimated by its basis in the concept of ownership, a descriptive relationship of absolute control that exists outside of the law. Ownership\u27s limits thus lie at the limits of absolute control--that which cannot in principle be the subject of human dominion cannot be owned. In short, this Article both offers a comprehensive explanation for why a conceptual theory of property\u27s limits matters and how one can be possible, and defends a substantive theory of the concept of ownership as control.
Under this theory, cells, organs, gametes, embryos, and corpses can be owned. But information--like genes and personal data--that cannot be controlled cannot be owned. Viewed through this lens, intellectual property-- a challenge for any theory of property that appears to entail ownership in information--can be understood either as a statutory analogy or a rough approximation of the real but temporary control of information exercised by those who create or discover it
Climate Migration and Displacement: A Case Study of Puerto Rican Women in Connecticut
Get PDFThe climate crisis is increasingly forcing people to flee their homes, whether internally or across state borders. However, existing international and domestic law does not provide sufficient protection for those forcibly displaced by extreme weather events. In 2021, the Biden administration issued an executive order and subsequently a report on the impact of climate change on migration, which marked a first step in federal policy toward recognition of the nexus between climate change and displacement. At the local level, Connecticut has already become a destination for climate-displaced people. For instance, after Hurricane Maria landed in Puerto Rico in 2017, approximately 13,000 Puerto Ricans came to the state. Since then, local service organizations have led efforts to help the community relocate after the disaster. Nearly six years after Maria, this Article provides the first ethnography of Puerto Rican women who relocated in Connecticut in the aftermath of the hurricane, discussing the ways in which federal law and policy have failed to meet the needs of Puerto Ricans and other climate-displaced people