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Environmental Law for the 21st Century
Get PDFIn this issue, Professors Elliott and Esty expand on their original proposal and respond to critics.2 They apply their perspectives as practitioners, as well as academics, to develop their vision for environmental law in the 21st century. They establish three legal duties that should apply to entities that release potentially harmful materials into the environment. Professors Elliott and Esty contend that such entities have a duty (1) of research and disclosure to assure the public that any environmental releases are not harmful, (2) to minimize harm if they fail to demonstrate the releases are harmless, and (3) to compensate those at risk of environmental harm financially. They point out that employees have all three of these elements in the workplace, and argue that the public should be no less protected
Knowledge, Perceptions, and Behaviors of Patients With Serious Mental Illness on Mental Health Literacy
No full textNurses are frontline healthcare providers and perfectly positioned to improve the health literacy of patients and families in community, hospital, and all other healthcare settings. The aim of this study was to provide an understanding of the specific needs of individuals with serious mental illness (SMI) to help improve their mental health literacy (MHL). Understanding the knowledge, perceptions, and behaviors of individuals with SMI about mental health literacy may improve strategies and initiatives for MHL. The American Academy of Nursing (AAN) issued a policy brief on health literacy, stating the importance of assessing the patients’ level of health literacy and ensuring that patients know how to self-manage their health. Nurses must ensure that patients have the information, tools, and resources needed to make informed decisions.Qualitative descriptive research methodology was considered most appropriate for this study because the concept of MHL is complex and not easily measured. The Mental Health Literacy Model (MHLM) was the conceptual framework used for the study, and the semi-structured interview questions were derived from the MHLM. Fifteen participants were interviewed utilizing a semi-structured interview guide, and discussion was framed within the context of the MHL model. The study participants were recruited from a psychiatric outpatient clinic in the Metro New York area. The data were analyzed through thematic analysis to identify themes and subthemes. Themes were then analyzed in aggregate to identify overarching themes. Additionally, a Computer-Assisted Qualitative Data Analysis Software (CAQDAS) called NVivo was used to analyze data. The findings showed that participants’ understanding of their mental illness, therapeutic alliance with their mental health provider, and having a patient advocate (mostly their family member) directly impacted their help-seeking behavior. Moreso, it influenced their decisions and adherence to psychopharmacologic treatment and psychotherapy. Consistent with the findings in the literature, the participants reported that stigma made them feel isolated and marginalized which delayed their help-seeking behavior, resulting in negative patient outcomes
Social Media, Fear of Crime, and Social Trust
No full textThe current study proposes that individuals who are exposed to crime and violence on social media have a decreased sense of social trust. It further proposes that having a fear of crime, engaging in a mental risk assessment of being a crime victim, and engaging in behavioral avoidance explains the relationship between social media exposure to crime-related content and mistrust. The current study utilized a correlational design to evaluate the relationship between exposure to crime-related content on social media and trust-related outcomes (communal orientation, propensity to trust, inclusive trust, and mistrust) and whether and links are mediated by fear of crime, perceived risk of being a crime victim, and behavioral avoidance. Participants (N = 302) completed an online survey, and multiple mediation analyses were used to examine whether fear of crime, perceived risk, and behavioral avoidance served as mechanisms of the link between reading/watching crime-related content and trust outcomes. Several key findings emerged. First, the link between social media exposure to crime-related content on inclusive trust was mediated by fear of crime, followed by a similar effect of fear of crime also mediating the relationship between reading/watching and mistrust. A third significant mediation effect was observed with behavioral avoidance on the relationship between reading/watching and propensity to trust. Our mediator of perceived risk was found to explain the relationship between reading/watching and mistrust. In addition, results indicated significant mediation effects of behavioral avoidance on the relationship between reading/watching and propensity to trust as well as mistrust. Findings of the current study lend support to the proposal that exposure to crime and violence on social media can impact levels of trust through increased fear of crime
School-based Consultation to Promote Generalization of Early Childhood Educators’ Evidence-based Practices: A Meta-analysis
Get PDFEarly childhood educators are tasked with supporting young children’s academic, behavioral, and social-emotional through the use of evidence-based practices (EBPs). Unfortunately, early childhood educators may struggle with consistent implementation of EBPs. When this occurs, school-based consultation may be beneficial in promoting early childhood educators’ use of effective classroom management practices and interventions. A critical aspect of school-based consultation is ensuring that early childhood educators generalize strategies they have been trained to use through consultation. However, the extent to which early childhood educators generalize skills trained through consultation across settings, children, and other evidence-based practices is unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this meta-analysis was to synthesize the existing school-based consultation literature in early childhood settings to determine the extent to which early childhood educators generalize skills trained through consultation. A total of 12 studies including 39 educator consultees and 171 effects comprised our final sample. Three-level hierarchical models with robust variance estimation were used to pool both Log Response Ratios and Tau effect sizes for analyses. Overall results indicated school-based consultation had a positive and significant impact on educator generalization of EBPs (LRRi = 0.95; Tau = 0.79). Further, particular implementation supports (e.g., in situ training) significantly contributed to EBP generalization. These results suggest school-based consultation to be an effective means for promoting early childhood educator generalization of EBPs. Implications for research and practice and future research directions are discussed
The Refugee Burden of Proof: Legal Gaps and Future Considerations For Climate Migrants
Get PDFAs impacts of climate change become increasingly imminent and devastating, especially for the world’s most vulnerable communities, climate processes and events have forced certain populations to flee their homes. Climate refugees, also called environmental or climate migrants, describes those displaced by environmental disruption; however, international law has yet to delineate how these individuals fit into current refugee law or other areas of immigration assistance. This paper begins by examining current international refugee law, challenges to seeking asylum, and how this applies, or fails to apply, to climate migrants. I will then explore the burden of proof for the principle of non-refoulement and the difficulty in its application to those displaced by climate change. The United Nations Human Rights decision in the landmark case of Ioane Teitiota v. New Zealand, provides significant insight into the state of climate-caused displacement and highlights future paths in addressing this issue. Ultimately, I will argue that the current administration of international refugee law does not sufficiently accommodate climate migrants, and additional changes and considerations are required to appropriately handle the rapidly growing climate migrant crisis
An analysis of modern classic and contemporary young adult fiction: Examining morals, messages and meaning.
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Implied Warranty Claims Under the Magnuson-Moss Warranty Act: Resolving Fifty Years of Uncertainty
Get PDFThis Article addresses whether Congress intended for consumers to bring implied warranty claims on consumer products under the Magnuson-Moss Warranty Act in all instances or only when a defective product is covered by a written warranty. The question, unresolved almost fifty years after the Act’s passage, is of great practical importance because consumers who bring claims under the Act are eligible for attorneys’ fees and other potential advantages not available to plaintiffs bringing warranty claims under state law. This Article analyzes the two current approaches courts have taken to address the issue: a broad approach where consumers can bring a claim for any implied warranty, and a narrow approach where courts only permit an implied warranty claim under the Act where a written warranty is offered. This Article concludes that neither is consistent with the Act’s language and purposes, and proposes a different approach. Courts should permit implied warranty claims under the Act only for consumer products covered by written warranties but should do so without regard to which supplier in the distribution chain gave the warranty. This approach would provide more consumer protection than the current predominant approach while also respecting the central importance of written warranties to the Act
Supporting McShane Families: A Program Development Plan for the Thomas J. McShane Center for Psychological Services
No full textFamily service offerings are limited and represent a significant community need at the Thomas J. McShane Center for Psychological Services (McShane Center), the on-site clinical training clinic for the various graduate psychology programs at Pace University. The need for family services is especially apparent following the COVID-19 pandemic, with parents consistently requesting low-cost, time-constrained, virtual services, with the potential for child social skills and emotional intelligence training. A review of established parenting programs was conducted to assess the fit of these programs for McShane Center families. Following the review, it was evident that the current programs lack the nuances necessary to address the unique needs of families serviced by the McShane Center. However, there were notable aspects and essential components of 1-2-3 Magic: Effective Discipline for Children 2-12 and the Incredible Years (IY) Training Series that fit the programmatic and community needs of the McShane Center if each program was “mined” for the specific components that were salient for McShane Center families. Therefore, this project aimed to develop a parenting program incorporating IY and 1-2- 3 Magic that was low cost, time-constrained, virtual, and addresses parents’ concerns regarding their children’s socio-emotional and/or behavioral challenges. A multi-stage review was performed, and a catalog of all programmatic components, including the overall structure and design of the program, specific parenting and behavioral management strategies, and parenting principles was created. A manualized brief virtual parent training program was created from the efficacious treatment components identified. Future studies should recruit families with school-aged children, independent of McShane Center patients, and conduct a pilot study to fully assess the efficacy of this manualized brief virtual parent training program. Recommendations provided for implementations of this program in languages other than English