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Coordination of metronidazole to Cu(II): Structural characterization of a mononuclear square-planar compound Joshua H.
Get PDFThe reaction between metronidazole [1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole, MET] and CuCl2•2H2O in methanol solution has allowed isolation of blue crystals of composition Cu(MET)2Cl2•MeOH. These crystals have been shown by X-ray diffraction to consist of mononuclear square-planar trans-Cu(MET)2Cl2 molecules in which the metronidazole ligands are trans to each other, as are the Cl ligands. The structure of this compound is very different from other compounds that have been obtained from the reaction between CuCl2•2H2O and metronidazole, namely [Cu(MET)2(μ-Cl)Cl]2 and [Cu(MET)2(μ-Cl)(OH2)]2[Cl]2, which are dimers featuring bridging chloride ligands
Knowledge and attitudes of Chinese college students about the use of elephants for ivory.
No full textA Primer: Air and Water Environmental Quality Standards in the United States
Get PDFThis article, designed as a resource for environmental law professors both domestically and abroad, addresses how environmental quality standards are created, implemented, and enforced in the United States. The answers to these questions are useful to those teaching U.S. environmental law and international scholars, especially in the European Union, who are faced with the challenge of creating new environmental quality standards under both national and EU directives. It must be noted that this project is complicated by the federal system within the country, and, thus, attention must be devoted to the federal-state relationship. In fact, the major relevant statutes, the Clean Air and Clean Water Acts, were designed to use the federal system in order to implement their statutory objectives, and this Article is divided into two sections focusing on these two natural resources, air and water.
Part I entitled “Water” considers the components of water quality standards, determination of maximum pollutant load to waterways to maintain water quality standards (known as total maximum daily loads), and the state planning and federal oversight process. It continues to discuss the components of the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (“NPDES”)-technology-based and water quality-based effluent limitations, permitting, and the federal/state relationship-and enforcement of the Clean Water Act.
Part II entitled “Air” provides an overview of the Clean Air Act, summarizing legislative and statutory provisions, offering insight into the design and creation of National Ambient Air Quality Standards (“NAAQS”), and discussing the federal/state relationship as it relates to implementation. This Article strives to provide a snapshot of environmental quality standards and their legal constructions in the United States in a manner that might be useful in providing insight to policymakers in other systems seeking to make their environmental quality regulatory regimes more effective
Slaying the Dragon: How the Law Can Help Rehab a Country in Crisis
Get PDFMotor-vehicle-related deaths consistently topped the accidental death count in the United States for decades. In 2009, for the first time, drug poisoning took over as the number one accidental killer. In 1980, approximately 6,100 people died from drug overdose. In the past ten years, the drug overdose rate for males and females, regardless of race, ethnicity and age, increased. In 2000, 4.1 per 100,000 people died from unintentional drug overdose; in 2010, that number rose to 9.7 per 100,000. The drug overdose epidemic, now the leading cause of unintentional death in the United States, warrants national attention.
To reduce the number of drug overdose fatalities, existing laws must change; it is not enough to create, enact, and enforce new laws. Once counterproductive criminal laws that frustrate public health and public policy are repealed, new laws, known as 911 Good Samaritan Overdose Laws, can be enacted and enforced in a manner similar to highway safety laws
Who chooses my future?The Role of Personality and Acculturation in First and Later Generation Immigrant College Students’ Career Decision Making
Get PDFCareer choice is often reflected by a student’s choice of major. Personality, vocational interests, and cultural influences are also significant factors in the process of choosing a major. For Latino students, maintaining cultural norms is an important part of career choice, although the influence of cultural norms tends to decrease from first to later generations. The current study examined the influences of acculturation and personality (introversion/extraversion) among 57 Latino/Hispanics students: first-generation immigrant students, those who migrated to the US during childhood/adolescence, and later generation students. We hypothesized that later-generation students are more likely to major in business and social sciences, while first-generation students would be more likely to major in STEM. We found that 75% of first-generation students were business majors; while only 24.49% of later-generation students’ were business majors. Among both groups personality appears to be is more closely related to choice of major than acculturation
The Tyranny of Plastics: How Society of Plastics, Inc. v. County of Suffolk Prevents New Yorkers from Protecting Their Environment and How They Could Be Liberated from Its Unreasonable Standing Requirements
Get PDFEver since the Court of Appeals of New York issued its holding in the landmark case Society of Plastics Industry, Inc. v. County of Suffolk, citizen oversight of government-approved and government projects with environmental implications has suffered curtailment inconsistent with the objectives of the State Environmental Quality Review Act (SEQRA). At the center of the conflict between SEQRA and citizen enforcement are the restrictive standing requirements formulated by Society of Plastics, which include the demand that a petitioner demonstrate harm distinct from injury to the general public. Not only does such a prerequisite for consideration of a case\u27s merits ignore the interrelatedness of local environmental conditions with larger regional trends, but also insulates from judicial review widespread environmental damages that injure the public.
Beyond New York, numerous other states have developed standing doctrines that more capably match the purposes of their environmental protection acts and address the ecological complexities of environmental harms yet also prevent frivolous complaints from disrupting judicial efficiency. New York State, through the example set by other jurisdictions and through recognizing the unreasonable outcomes of post-Society of Plastics cases is well situated to reform its environmental standing doctrine through judicial action or legislation. This article will first outline the current status of citizen standing to enforce SEQRA in Part II; then III) highlight the manner in which New York\u27s standing doctrine has diverged from SEQRA\u27s goals; IV) examine more effective environmental standing doctrines in other states; V) suggest precedent New York courts could utilize to correct New York\u27s defective standing requirements; and, finally, VI) offer a legislative solution to the deficiency of the standing requirements engendered by Society of Plastic
Incubator-Induced Business Clusters: A Case Study
Get PDFIncubator-induced business clusters are a new tool for governments wishing to economically revitalize geographic areas. However, this case study argues that the successful formation of a cluster through the use of a business incubator requires the presence of three important “cluster factors”: 1) resource dependence and integration of the four key players of a cluster 2) human capital aspects and 3) external intervention mechanisms aimed toward the creation of a cluster. The historical founding of Hollywood will be examined for these factors as well as the DUMBO incubator located in NYC. This case study will examine whether the situation in DUMBO will lend itself toward the successful formation of a technology cluster in that area
An Environmental Understanding of the Local Land Use System
Get PDFThis Article is adapted from Chapter Three of John R. Nolon, Protecting the Environment Through Land Use Law: Standing Ground, published in 2014 by ELI Press. The book updates and expands on the author’s previous work, describing in detail how localities are responding to new challenges, including the imperative that they adapt to and help mitigate climate change and create sustainable neighborhoods. This Article outlines a comprehensive framework for understanding how traditional local land use authority can be used to preserve natural resources and environmental functions at the community level