Düsseldorf University Press (d|u|p)

Lestrade, Sander

Ströbel, Liane

The place of Place (according to spatial case)

Müller, Wolfgang G.

Motion and Emotion.

The application of sensory-motor concepts to the representation of emotion in literature

Bellavia, Andrea

Force Change Schemas and Excessive Actions:

How High-Level Cognitive Operations

Constrain Aspect in Idiomatic Constructions

Van Elk, Michiel

Preface
(Michiel van Elk, Universiteit van Amsterdam)
Thinking back about past events often involves a vivid memory of the people, the places
and the context involved. Clear pictures of conference venues and cities that seem
frozen in time come to mind when thinking about past scientiVc meetings. The vi-
sual nature of our memories may be taken as an example of the embodied view of
language and cognition, which is the general topic of this volume. On this account,
our knowledge about the world is grounded in sensory and motor concepts that were
acquired through bodily experience. For instance, the concept ‘to grasp’ entails a mo-
tor representation of the hand action that is involved in actual grasping. In line with
this suggestion, it has been found that the processing of action verbs is associated with
activation in similar regions in the premotor cortex that are involved in the actual exe-
cution of the action that the verb refers to (Pulvermuller, 2013). Similarly, understanding
a concept like ‘grasping’ when observing the action of another person has also been as-
sociated with activation in motor-related brain regions, suggesting that a process of
motor simulation could support action understanding (Gallese & LakoU, 2005).
In the last decade, we have seen an enormous interest in embodied cognition theories
among scholars from a wide range of diUerent backgrounds. Cognitive neuroscientists
have primarily investigated the when and how of activation in modality-speciVc brain
areas in response to language and concept processing (van Elk, van Schie, & Bekkering,
2014). Psychologists have experimentally determined the bidirectional relation between
bodily and cognitive processing (Fischer & Zwaan, 2008). Philosophers have focused on
the question whether embodied simulation processes meet the necessary and suXcient
requirements to support higher-level processes such as mind reading or false belief un-
derstanding (Jacob & Jeannerod, 2005). Linguists have investigated how our everyday
use of concrete and abstract language in written and spoken form is related to basic
sensory and motor concepts (Gibbs, 2003).
7
Michiel van Elk
I am convinced that this multidisciplinary approach is one of the major strengths of
embodied cognition. In a time in which many scientiVc disciplines have become increas-
ingly specialized, a unifying theory that spans diUerent domains and that ranges from
developmental psychology to linguistics and from philosophy to dynamical systems
theory has a great potential. At the same time, the challenges faced by such a multidis-
ciplinary approach are non-trivial as each Veld is characterized by specialist problems
that are often deVned by the use of a speciVc jargon. This theoretical challenge was
faced directly at the Sensory-Motor-Concepts in Language and Cognition meeting, in
which linguists, philosophers, psychologists and neuroscientists participated – all with
a shared interest in embodied cognition. As can be seen in the contributions to this vol-
ume a wide range of topics was addressed from a variety of diUerent perspectives and
encompassing both experimental and theoretical contributions. An intriguing ques-
tion is whether these diUerent contributions are related and how they could lead to a
cross-fertilization of ideas.
A possible starting point for such an integrative attempt is to acknowledge that al-
though the topics addressed by diUerent disciplines may be diUerent, they all share
a similar conceptual framework. At this point, an interesting parallel can be drawn
with evolutionary accounts of language. Starting from the premise that language con-
ferred an adaptive advantage in the ontogeny of our species, diUerent disciplines have
focused on more proximate or ultimate causes of language development (Arbib, 2005).
For instance, anthropological accounts have investigated the fossil records to determine
precursors of the human vocal tract as a necessary prerequisite for the emergence of
language. Developmental psychologists typically conduct experimental studies to in-
vestigate how infants over the course of their Vrst years acquire basic language abilities
that often seem to go beyond the linguistic input that they received. Neuroscientists
have elucidated the neural networks underlying language production and processing
and have pointed out a striking overlap between the brain areas involved in the pro-
duction of language and gestures, suggesting that gestural communication could be a
precursor of a prototype of language. Thus, although diUering in their topic of in-
vestigation and their experimental approach, these Vndings converge on the idea that
language should be understood in terms of its adaptive function and its relation to other
more basic forms of action and communication.
Similarly, within the framework of embodied cognition the diUerent approaches con-
verge on the notion that language and cognition involve the use of sensory motor con-
cepts. This may be reWected in the use of metaphors referring to concrete sensory
8
Preface
motor domains, eUects of concrete experiences on word reading and the activation of
sensory motor brain areas in response to reading action verbs. Furthermore, each of the
diUerent domains can be characterized by similar discussions regarding the question
whether an embodied cognition explanation is the only and most viable account of the
extant data. For instance, embodied theories of conceptual content are often contrasted
with amodal theories, according to which our thinking is based on an internal and sym-
bolic ‘language of thought’ that is abstracted away from concrete experience (Mahon &
Caramazza, 2008). One important argument that is often used in the debate between
embodied and amodal theories of cognition is the grounding problem: it remains un-
clear how concepts derive meaning if they are unrelated to concrete experiences (Barsa-
lou, 2008). The embodied account proposes an intuitive and plausible solution to this
problem: the meaning of concepts is derived from the fact that concepts are by deV-
nition sensorimotor in nature. More recently, several authors have proposed a hybrid
model according to which semantic processing involves both multimodal and modality-
speciVc processing (Louwerse & Jeuniaux, 2010; Ralph, Sage, Jones, & Mayberry, 2010).
These ideas may lead to a conceptual reVnement of the current theoretical ideas and
it would be interesting to see whether eventually theoretical integration is possible, not
only within speciVc research domains such as neuroscience or psychology, but across
diUerent domains as well. The collection of papers in this volume provides an excellent
Vrst attempt for such an endeavor.
Last but not least, I would like to acknowledge Liane Ströbel without whom this
project would not have been possible. She organized a stimulating conference and took
the eUort of making the proceedings of this meeting available in the form of this special
issue of Düsseldorf University Press. It is my sincere hope that the discussions that
were started throughout this project will be continued in the future and will lead to a
further exchange of people and ideas.
9


Preface

Niehaus, Andreas

Tagsold, Christian

%JBTQPSB BOE %JTBTUFS
ƋƉƉ BT B 4UBSUJOH 1PJOU PG $POOFDUJOH CPUI 'JFMET PG 3FTFBSDI
ćJT WPMVNF CSJOHT UPHFUIFS UXP UPQJDT BOE GSBNFXPSLT PG SFTFBSDI XIJDI VQ
UP OPX IBWF SBSFMZ CFFO DPOOFDUFE 'JSTU B EJTUJODU iEJTBTUFSPMPHZw IBT EFBMU
XJUI UIF QSFDPOEJUJPOT BOE DPOTFRVFODFT PG EJTBTUFSƬ BOE FTQFDJBMMZ TPDJBM BO
UISPQPMPHZ IBT DPOUSJCVUFE TUSPOHMZ UP B EFFQFS VOEFSTUBOEJOH PG EJTBTUFST BT
TPDJBM DBUBTUSPQIFT 4FDPOE XF ĕOE B GBTIJPOBCMF BOE OPU BT XFMM EFĕOFE ĕFME
PG SFTFBSDI JO EJBTQPSB TUVEJFT %JBTQPSB TUVEJFT IBWF CFFO UBLFO VQ CZ TPDJBM
BOE DVMUVSBM BOUISPQPMPHZ MJUFSBUVSF TUVEJFT TPDJPMPHZ BOE NBOZ NPSF JO UIF
IVNBOJUJFT 0OMZ MBUFMZ IBWF CPUI ĕFMET PG EJTBTUFS SFTFBSDI BOE EJBTQPSB TUVE
JFT CFFO USFBUFE UPHFUIFS CZ B GFX QBQFST BT JO UIF DBTF PG )BJUJBOT JO UIF 64"
USZJOH UP DPNF UP UFSNT XJUI UIF )BJUJ FBSUIRVBLF JO ƊƈƉƈ 	&TOBSE BOE 4BQBSE
ƊƈƉƉ
 ćFTF QBQFST IBWF QSPWFO UIF QPUFOUJBM PG HSPVQJOH EJTBTUFS BOE EJBT
QPSB UPHFUIFS CVU IBWF POMZ QBSUJBMMZ MJWFE VQ UP UIF QPTTJCJMJUJFT UIBU MJF XJUIJO
UIJT BQQSPBDI 8JUI PVS WPMVNF PO UIF USJQMF DBUBTUSPQIF JO /PSUIFSO +BQBO JO
.BSDI ƊƈƉƉ BOE UIF SFBDUJPO PG +BQBOFTF BCSPBE XF USZ UPNPWF POF TUFQ GVSUIFS
ćF SFTFBSDIĕFMET PG EJTBTUFS BOEEJBTQPSB CPUI IBWF DFSUBJO CMJOE TQPUTXIJDI
BSF TPNFIPX DPNQMJNFOUBSZ UP FBDI PUIFS 'JSTU EJTBTUFS SFTFBSDI UFOET UP UIJOL
BMPOH OBUJPOBM CPSEFST "T B DPOTFRVFODF EJTBTUFST BSF BOBMZ[FE BT OBUJPOBM
DBUBTUSPQIFTƭ *U JT USVF UIBU OBUJPOTUBUFT GPSN UIF NPTU FďDJFOU JOTUJUVUJPOT
UP SFBDU UP EJTBTUFST VOMFTT UIF TUBUF IBT CFFO WFSZ XFBL BMSFBEZ CFGPSF ćFZ BSF
SFTQPOTJCMF GPS QSFQBSBUJPO BOENJUJHBUJPO PG EJTBTUFST PS UIF GBJMVSF JO UIFTF UXP
EJNFOTJPOT 4JODF EJTBTUFST BSF OPU OBUVSBM DBUBTUSPQIFT BT NFEJB PęFO DMBJNT
CVU BSF DPOEJUJPOFE CZ TPDJBM DJSDVNTUBODFT 	#BLPČ 'SFSLT )JMMIPSTU Ɗƈƈƌ Ɖ
 JU
JT FWJEFOU UIBU UIF TUBUF TIPVME CF UIF TUBSUJOH QPJOU GPS BOBMZTJT
Ƭ &TQFDJBMMZ 0MJWFS4NJUI 	ƉƑƐƎ ƉƑƑƑ Ɗƈƈƌ
 IBT CFFO B MFBEJOH SFTFBSDIFS PG EJTBTUFS JO TPDJBM BO
UISPQPMPHZ XIJMF PUIFST MJLF "MFYBOEFS 	ƉƑƑƏ
 IBWF BMTP NBEF JNQPSUBOU DPOUSJCVUJPOT UP UIF
SFTFBSDI PG EJTBTUFST BT TPDJBMOBUVSBM DBUBTUSPQIFT
ƭ 'PS FYBNQMF "MFYBOEFS 	ƉƑƑƏ Ɗƍ
 DMBJNT i*O B TFOTF B EJTBTUFS JT TZNQUPNBUJD PG UIF DPOEJUJPO PG
B TPDJFUZT UPUBM BEBQUJPOBM TUSBUFHZXJUIJO JUT TPDJBM FYPOPNJDNPEJĕFE BOE CVJME FOWJSPONFOUTw
)F UIVT TVQQPTFT UIBU EJTBTUFST BSF POMZ TZNQUPNT GPS UIF DPOEJUJPO PG UIF WFSZ TPDJFUZ IJU CZ UIFN
Ə
%JBTQPSB BOE %JTBTUFS
*O UIF DBTF PG ƋƉƉ BT UIF USJQMF DBUBTUSPQIF JT PęFO SFGFSSFE UP BT UIF JOJ
UJBM FBSUIRVBLF PDDVSSFE PO .BSDI ƉƉUI ƊƈƉƉ BOE BMTP CFDBVTF UIF UFSN SFTFN
CMFT ƑƉƉ +BQBO XBT CBTJDBMMZ XFMM QSFQBSFE UP NFFU OBUVSBM DBUBTUSPQIFT MJLF
FBSUIRVBLFT UBJGVOT BOE UTVOBNJT &YQFSUT FTUJNBUFE UIF QSPCBCJMJUZ PG B NB
KPS UTVOBNJ DBVTFE CZ BO FBSUIRVBLF PO UIF DPBTU PG 4BOSJLV UIF OBNF GPS UIF
OPSUIFBTUFSO SFHJPO PG UIF NBJO JTMBOE )POTIʷ UP CF BSPVOE ƑƈŰ 	5BHTPME
ƊƈƉƋB ƎƈƑ
 "DDPSEJOHMZ JOIBCJUBOUT LOFX IPX UP SFBDU BOE QSBDUJDFE IPX UP
NPTU FČFDUJWFMZ FWBDVBUF )PXFWFS UIF BDUVBM UTVOBNJT EJNFOTJPOT FYDFFEFE
BMM TDJFOUJĕD QSFEJDUJPOT /FWFSUIFMFTT UIF +BQBOFTF TUBUF QSPWFE JUT SFTJMJFODF
EVSJOH .BSDI ƊƈƉƉ BT UIF JNQBDU PG UIF OBUVSBM EJTBTUFS JO UFSNT PG DBTVBMUJFT BT
XFMM BT EFTUSVDUJPO XPVME IBWFNVDINPSF TFWFSF JONPTU PUIFS DPVOUSJFT )PX
FWFS UIF UIJSE DBUBTUSPQIF UIF NFMUEPXO BU UIF OVDMFBS QPXFS QMBOU 'VLVTIJNB
%BJJDIJ DBNF VOFYQFDUFEMZ BOE MFE UP DIBPT
6Q UP UIJT EJTBTUFSPMPHZ IBT USFBUFE ƋƉƉ NPTUMZ BT B QVSFMZ +BQBOFTF NBU
UFS BOE UIVT IBT OPU FOMJHIUFOFE UIF CMJOE TQPU CZ FYUFOEJOH JUT SFTFBSDI CFZPOE
OBUJPOBM CPSEFST PG +BQBOƮ #PPLT BOE QBQFST IBWF EFBMU XJUI UIF WBSJPVT EJNFO
TJPOT PG UIF EJTBTUFS MJLF MJWJOH JO TIFMUFST GPPE TBGFUZ SFDPOTUSVDUJPO PG DJUJFT
QPSUT BOE JOGSBTUSVDUVSF JO HFOFSBM BOE PG DPVSTF 'VLVTIJNB #VU UIF EJTBTUFS IBT
B TUSPOH USBOTOBUJPOBM EJNFOTJPO XIJDI IBTNPSF PS MFTT CFFO OFHMFDUFE 'JSTU PG
BMM /PSUIFSO +BQBO IPVTFE B TJHOJĕDBOU OVNCFS PGNJHSBOUT JO.BSDI ƊƈƉƉ 	5BH
TPME ƊƈƉƋC ƉƐƊG
 &WFO UIPVHI NJHSBUJPO UP +BQBO BMXBZT IBT CFFO TFSJPVTMZ
DVSCFE CZ UIF HPWFSONFOU UIF DPVOUSZ EPFT OPU TFDMVEF JUTFMG GSPN UIF USFOET PG
HMPCBMJ[BUJPO $IJOFTF OBUJPOBMT XPSLFE PO UIF GBSNT JO SVSBM /PSUIFSO +BQBO
BT +BQBOFTF UFOE UP MFBWF GPS UIF CJH DJUJFT TJODF XBHFT PO UIF DPVOUSZTJEF BSF
MPX BOE XPSL JT IBSE BOE EJSUZ /FWFSUIFMFTT UIFTF KPCT TFFNFE UP PČFS PQ
QPSUVOJUJFT GPS NJHSBOUT 0O UIF DPBTU NBOZ 'JMJQJOBT IBE NBSSJFE ĕTIFSNFO
XIP PUIFSXJTF GBDFE EJďDVMUJFT ĕOEJOH QBSUOFST GPS NBSSJBHF JO +BQBO ćFTF
NJHSBOUT BOE PUIFST IBWF XJEFMZ CFFO OFHMFDUFE JO TUVEJFT DPODFSOJOH UIF 5SJQMF
%JTBTUFS BT TPNFIPX UIF BTTVNQUJPO BT XFMM BT QVCMJD JNBHF JT UIBU UIF EJTBTUFS
IBE IJU B +BQBOFTF JTMBOE UIBU JT QPQVMBUFE TPMFMZ CZ +BQBOFTF
Ʈ 4FF GPS FYBNQMFT UIF QBQFST JO ,JOHTUPO 	ƊƈƉƊ

Ɛ
*OUSPEVDUJPO
:FU BOPUIFS USBOTOBUJPOBM EJNFOTJPO PG UIF EJTBTUFS JT DPOTUJUVUFE CZ UIF 'VLV
TIJNB OVDMFBS QPXFS QMBOU 0OF PG UIF DPNNPO JNQMJDJU BTTVNQUJPOT JO QVCMJD
NFEJB XBT UIBU UIF 'VLVTIJNB QPXFS QMBOU JT B QVSFMZ +BQBOFTF BDIJFWFNFOU
)FODF FWFSZUIJOH SFHBSEJOH UIFTF OVDMFBS SFBDUPST XBT FYQMBJOFE CZ SFGFSSJOH UP
TPNF +BQBOFTF OBUJPOBM DIBSBDUFS ćF +BQBOFTF IBWF GVMM GBJUI JO UFDIOJDBM TPMV
UJPOT UP PWFSDPNF FWFO UIFNPTU TFWFSF EJTBTUFST #VU UIF XBMMT XIJDI XFSF CVJMU
UP TUPQ UTVOBNJXBWFT GBJMFE o BOE TP UPP EJE UIF QPXFS QMBOU JO 'VLVTIJNB
/BUVSF IBE PWFSDPNF IVNBO o UIBU JT +BQBOFTF o IZCSJT TP JU XBT BSHVFE "T GBS
BT UIF QPXFS QMBOUT BSF DPODFSOFE IPXFWFS SFTFBSDI IBT DMFBSMZ PVUMJOFE UIFJS
USBOTOBUJPOBM CBDLHSPVOE 	TFF GPS FYBNQMF :PTIJPLB ƉƑƑƑ
 ćF 64 BEWFSUJTFE
OVDMFBS QPXFS BT TBGF BOE BT UIF FOFSHZ PG UIF GVUVSF JO UIF ƉƑƍƈT BOE ƎƈT JO
+BQBO JO PSEFS UP TUSFOHUIFO POF PG UIFJS MBTU SFMJBCMF BMMJFT JO &BTU "TJB 	,V[OJDL
ƊƈƉƉ 5BOBLB ƊƈƉƉ
 ćFNVMUJOBUJPOBM DPNQBOZ (FOFSBM &MFDUSJDT CVJMU UIF ĕSTU
OVDMFBS SFBDUPS JO 'VLVTIJNB BOE DPPQFSBUFEXJUI 5PTIJCB JO CVJMEJOH UXP BEEJ
UJPOBM SFBDUPST POMZ UIF MBTU UISFF SFBDUPST XFSF CVJMU TPMFMZ CZ +BQBOFTF DPNQB
OJFT #VU UIF USBOTOBUJPOBM OFUXPSLT BSF OPU POMZ IJTUPSJDBM o UIFZ BMTP SFBDIFE
PVU HMPCBMMZ JO .BSDI ƊƈƉƉ B QPJOU MFTT FYQMPSFE CZ FYQFSUT PO +BQBOFTF OV
DMFBS QPXFS QPMJUJDT 'PS FYBNQMF UIF SFBDUJPO PG UIF 64 NBSJOFT NPWJOH UIFJS
TIJQT BXBZ GSPN 'VLVTIJNB PS DMPTFS CBDL XBT POF PG UIF PęFO RVPUFE FWFOUT
JO NFEJB UP EFUFSNJOF IPX EBOHFSPVT UIF JODJEFOU NJHIU CF "MTP UIF *OUFS
OBUJPOBM "UPNJD &OFSHZ "HFODZ JO 7JFOOB QMBZFE BO JNQPSUBOU SPMF JO EFĕOJOH
UIF EJTBTUFS JO 'VLVTIJNB &WFO UIPVHI TUVEJFT PG UIF EJTBTUFS QBSUMZ HSBTQFE
UIF USBOTOBUJPOBM DIBSBDUFS PG ƋƉƉ GPS 'VLVTIJNB UIFZ OFWFSUIFMFTT GFMM TIPSU JO
DPOTFRVFOUMZ BTLJOH UIF TBNF RVFTUJPOT BCPVU UIF EJTBTUFS
%JBTQPSB TUVEJFT IBWF GBS MFTT QSPCMFNT XJUI USBOTOBUJPOBM EJNFOTJPOT ćF
GSBNFXPSL PG BOBMZTJT JT CBTFE PO UIF WFSZ RVFTUJPO PG PWFSDPNJOH OBUJPOBM
CPBSEFST "ęFS BMM BT /JDP #FTOJFS JO IJT JOUSPEVDUPSZ QBQFS TUSFTTFT EJBTQPSB
TUVEJFT IBWF UIFJS PXO CMJOE TQPU ćFSF JT B UFOEFODZ UP USFBU UIF QSFTFODF PG
QFPQMF XJUI UIF TBNF GPSFJHO CBDLHSPVOE JO B DJUZ PS B DPVOUSZ BT B EJTUJODU
iDPNNVOJUZw )PXFWFS UIF OPUJPO PG DPNNVOJUZ FWPLFT B TFOTF PG TIBSFE WBM
VFT QSBDUJDFT BOE NFUIPET PG JEFOUJGZJOH POFTFMG XJUI UIF BMMFHFE DPVOUSZ PG
PSJHJO XIJDI PęFO SVOT DPVOUFS UP UIF SFBM EFHSFF PG DPIFTJWFOFTT BNPOH UIFTF
Ƒ
%JBTQPSB BOE %JTBTUFS
QFPQMF " XPSLJOH JOGSBTUSVDUVSF GPS POF HSPVQ PG DJUJ[FOT MJLF B $IJOBUPXO
PS -JUUMF *UBMZ NJHIU TFFN UP QSPWF B TIBSFE JEFOUJUZ BNPOH UIFTF DJUJ[FOT JO B
GPSFJHO BOE ZFU IPNFZ DPVOUSZ 4UJMM UIF NFSF FYJTUFODF PG GPPE TIPQT CPPL
TUPSFT PS FWFO B DPOTVMBUF HFOFSBM EPFTOU TBZ NVDI BCPVU JEFOUJUJFT PG UIF QFP
QMF UFSNFE iNFNCFSTw PG UIF DPNNVOJUZ ćJT JT DFSUBJOMZ USVF GPS +BQBOFTF EJ
BTQPSBT XPSMEXJEF XIJDI BSF PęFO TVQQPSUFE CZ B +BQBOFTF JOGSBTUSVDUVSF BOE
BSF BEWFSUJTFE BT DPIFSFOU HSPVQT )PXFWFS NPTU +BQBOFTF IBWF NVDI NPSF
DPNQMFY TUSBUFHJFT GPS JEFOUJGZJOH UIFNTFMWFT UIBO BEWFSUJTJOH UIFNTFMG BT B QFS
TPOJĕDBUJPO PG B QFSGFDU +BQBOFTF TPNF EP BU UJNFT GPS WBSJPVT SFBTPOT PUIFST
SFGSBJO GSPN EPJOH TP
*O DPOUSBTU UP UIJT VOEFSTUBOEJOH PG EJBTQPSB XF MPPL GPS QFSGPSNBUJWF NP
NFOUT JO XIJDI DJUJ[FOT JEFOUJGZ UIFNTFMWFT BT EJBTQPSJD " DVMUVSBM DFOUFS PS B
GFTUJWBM XIJDI OPSNBMMZ XPVME CF TFFO BT BO FYQSFTTJPO PG JEFOUJUZ PG BO EJBTQPSJD
iDPNNVOJUZw UIVT UVSOT JOUP B NPNFOU JO XIJDI EJBTQPSB BOE FWFO DPNNVOJUZ
JT DSFBUFE oNPNFOUBSJMZ BOE EZOBNJD OPU BT B TUBUJD BTTVNQUJPO BCPVU iCFMPOH
JOHw ƋƉƉ DFSUBJOMZ XBT TVDI B NPNFOU JO XIJDI NBOZ QFPQMF XPSMEXJEF XFSF
FNPUJPOBMMZ IJU CZ UIF ESBNBUJD TJUVBUJPO JO /PSUIFBTU +BQBO BOE GFMU UIF OFFE
UP TIPX UIFJS TPMJEBSJUZ 7BSJPVT NPUJWFT ESPWF UIFTF QFPQMF " CBTJD IVNBO
DPNQBTTJPO B MPOH TUBOEJOH IJTUPSZ PG QFSTPOBM QSPUFTU BHBJOTU OVDMFBS QPXFS
QFSTPOBM FYQFSJFODF PG TJNJMBS EJTBTUFST PS B TZNQBUIZ GPS +BQBO BOE UIF +BQBOFTF
NJHIU IBWF CFFO SFBTPOT GPS EPOBUJOH TUBSUJOH SFMJFG QSPKFDUT BOE PUIFS XBZT PG
IFMQJOH "OPUIFS TUSPOHNPUJWF GPSNBOZ QFPQMF UP FOHBHF UIFNTFMWFT JOUP SFMJFG
QSPKFDUT GPS /PSUI +BQBO XBT UIFJS +BQBOFTF EFTDFOU BOE UIFJS GFFMJOH UIBU UIFZ
IBE UP JEFOUJGZ XJUI UIF iDPVOUSZ PG UIFJS PSJHJOw )PXFWFS JO B TFOTF UFSNJOPM
PHZ JT NJTMFBEJOH IFSF BOE JO JUTFMG TVHHFTUT iOBUVSBM CPOETw CFUXFFO +BQBOFTF
BCSPBE BOE +BQBO ćF RVFTUJPO PG PSJHJOT POMZ CFDBNF WJSVMFOU GPS TPNF QFPQMF
CFDBVTF PG ƋƉƉ BOE UIFJS GFFMJOH UIBU UIFZ IBE UP SFBDU TPNFIPX 0UIFST EJE OPU
GFFM BOZ PCMJHBUJPO BOE UIVT EJE OPU TUSFTT PSJHJOT
*O PVS WPMVNF XF MPPL BU UIF FČFDUT PG ƋƉƉ PO EJBTQPSBT JO WBSJPVT QMBDFT
'JSTU /JDP #FTOJFST BSUJDMF DPODFOUSBUFT PO GSBNFXPSLT BOE DPODFQUT GPS EFBMJOH
XJUI EJBTQPSB )JT UIFPSFUJDBM JOUSPEVDUJPO GPSNT UIF UIFPSFUJDBM TFUUJOH GPS UIF
GPMMPXJOH QBQFST BT JU DIBMMFOHFT UIF JEFB PG EJBQPSBT BT UJHIUMZ LOJU DPNNVOJUZ
Ɖƈ
*OUSPEVDUJPO
#BTFE PO UIJT DSJUJRVF XF TDSVUJOJ[F SFBDUJPOT UP ƋƉƉ BOE BTL BCPVU UIF NPUJWFT
PG UIF WBSJPVT BDUPST JO UIF VOGPMEJOH QSPDFTT /FYU PVS WPMVNF BOBMZTFT SFBD
UJPOT UP UXP EJČFSFOU UZQFT PG +BQBOFTF EJBTQPSBT BT PVUMJOFE CZ )BSVNJ #FGV
	ƊƈƈƉ ƉƊ
 +BQBOFTF EJBTQPSBT JO %àTTFMEPSG #FMHJVN BOE -POEPO CFMPOH UP
UIF SPUBUJOH UZQF BDDPSEJOH UP #FGV .PTU +BQBOFTF BSF OPU QFSNBOFOUMZ JO &V
SPQF UIFZ IBWF CFFO EJTQBUDIFE CZ UIF DPNQBOJFT GPS B QFSJPE PG UISFF UP ĕWF
ZFBST PS BSF GBNJMZ NFNCFST PG EJTQBUDIFE NBOBHFST ćJT HSPVQT UJFT UP +BQBO
BSF NPTUMZ WFSZ TUSPOH BOE BCTPMVUFMZ VORVFTUJPOFE BOE UIF ƋƉƉ EJTBTUFS XBT
B UFTU GPS UIFN SFHBSEJOH UIF SFMBUJPO PG UIF +BQBOFTF UP UIFJS TVSSPVOEJOHT 3VUI
.BSUJO TIPXT IPX UIJT MFE UP PWFSXIFMNJOHMZ QPTJUJWF SFBDUJPOT BOE GFFMJOHT JO
-POEPO ćF +BQBOFTF MJWJOH UIFSF XFSF TVDDFTTGVM JO PSHBOJ[JOH NFBOJOHGVM
QVCMJD FWFOUT XIJDI IFMQFE UP DPOTPMF UIF HSJFWBODF BOE TUSFOHUIFO UJFT UP OPO
+BQBOFTF *O DPOUSBTU UIF QVCMJD FWFOUT PG NPVSOJOH TUBHFE JO %àTTFMEPSG o UIF
MPDBUJPO PG UIF UIJSE MBSHFTU +BQBOFTF EJBTQPSB JO &VSPQF BęFS -POEPO BOE 1BSJT
o XFSF TPNFXIBU VOTFUUMJOH BOE VOGPMEFE UIFJS NFBOJOH POMZ JO UIF DPWFSBHF PG
UIF MPDBM NFEJB CVU MFTT TP GPS UIPTF UBLJOH QBSU BT $ISJTUJBO 5BHTPME TIPXT JO
IJT QBQFS 'JOBMMZ "OESFBT /JFIBVT BOE 5JOF 8BMSBWFOT QSFTFOU UIF ĕOEJOHT PG
UIFJS SFTFBSDI JOUP UIF SFBDUJPO PG MPOHUFSN BOE TIPSUUFSN +BQBOFTF OBUJPOBMT
MJWJOH JO #FMHJVN GPMMPXJOH UIF 5SJQMF %JTBTUFS
+VUUB 5FVXTFO BOE 1FUFS #FSOBSEJ QSFTFOU ĕOEJOHT PO UXP QFSNBOFOU EJBT
QPSBT 5FVXTFO BTLT BCPVU UIF NFBOJOH PG ƋƉƉ GPS +BQBOFTF JO )BXBJJ .PTU
+BQBOFTF DBNF UP UIF JTMBOET BCPVU B DFOUVSZ BHP ćF DVSSFOU EJBTQPSB JT NBEF
VQ NPTUMZ PG UIJSE GPVSUI BOE ĕęIHFOFSBUJPO +BQBOFTF 'PS B MPOH UJNF UIFTF
+BQBOFTF"NFSJDBOT IBWF BWPJEFE JEFOUJGZJOH UIFNTFMWFT CZ UIF IJTUPSZ PG NJ
HSBUJPO PG UIFJS 	HSFBU
 HSBOEQBSFOUT EVF UP +BQBOT BHHSFTTJPO JO 8PSME 8BS **
)PXFWFS ƋƉƉ TQBSLFE B OFX USFOE PG JEFOUJĕDBUJPO XJUI +BQBO "T #FSOBSEJ
TIPXT +BQBOFTF JO 4BP 1BPMP IBWF OFWFS GFMU UIF OFFE UP EJTHVJTF UIFJS NJHSB
UJPOBM IJTUPSZ "ęFS ƋƉƉ WBSJPVT BDUPST IBWF USJFE IPXFWFS UP MFBE UIF CSPBE
NPWFNFOU PG TPMJEBSJUZ BOE DIBOOFM EPOBUJPOT UISPVHI UIFJS PSHBOJ[BUJPO UP
HBJO SFQVUBUJPO BOE SFDPHOJUJPO JO #SB[JM BT XFMM BT JO +BQBO
ƉƉ
%JBTQPSB BOE %JTBTUFS
-JUFSBUVSF
"ĹĲŅĮĻıĲĿ %BWJE ƉƑƑƏ ićF 4UVEZ PG /BUVSBM %JTBTUFST ƉƑƏƏoƑƏ 4PNF 3FĘFDUJPOT
PO B $IBOHJOH 'JFME PG ,OPXMFEHFw %JTBTUFST ƊƉ 	ƌ
 QQ ƊƐƌoƋƈƌ
#ĮĻĸļĳĳ (SFH 'ĿĲĿĸŀ (FPSHF )ĶĹĵļĿŀŁ %PSUIFB 	FET
 Ɗƈƈƌ .BQQJOH 7VMOFSB
CJMJUZ %JTBTUFST %FWFMPQNFOU BOE 1FPQMF -POEPO 4UFSMJOH 7" &BSUITDBO 1VCMJDB
UJPOT
#Ĳĳł )BSVNJ ƊƈƈƉ ićF (MPCBM $POUFYU PG +BQBO 0VUTJEF +BQBOw *O #FGV )BSVNJ
(VJDIBSE"OHVJT 4ZMWJF 	FET
 (MPCBMJ[JOH +BQBO &UIOPHSBQIZ PG UIF +BQBOFTF 1SFT
FODF JO "TJB &VSPQF BOE "NFSJDB -POEPO 3PVUMFEHF QQ ƋoƊƊ
&ŀĻĮĿı "OO.BSHBSFU 4ĮĽĮŁ "MLB ƊƈƉƉ i%JTBTUFST %JBTQPSBT BOE )PTU $PNNV
OJUJFT *OTJHIUT JO UIF "ęFSNBUI PG UIF )BJUJ &BSUIRVBLFw *O +PVSOBM PG %JTBTUFS
3FTFBSDI Ǝ 	Ƌ
 QQ ƋƋƉoƋƌƊ
,ĶĻĴŀŁļĻ +FČ 	FE
 ƊƈƉƊ /BUVSBM %JTBTUFS BOE /VDMFBS $SJTJT JO +BQBO 3FTQPOTF BOE
3FDPWFSZ "ęFS +BQBOT ƭƫƫ -POEPO /FX :PSL 3PVUMFEHF
,łŇĻĶİĸ 1FUFS ƊƈƉƉ i+BQBOT /VDMFBS )JTUPSZ JO 1FSTQFDUJWF &JTFOIPXFS BOE "UPNT
GPS 8BS BOE 1FBDFw *O ćF "TJB1BDJĕD +PVSOBM Ƒ 	ƉƐ
 http://www.japanfocus.org/-
yuki-tanaka/3521 	BDDFTTFE /PWFNCFS Ɗƍ ƊƈƉƍ

0ĹĶŃĲĿ4ĺĶŁĵ "OUIPOZ 	FE
 ƉƑƐƎ /BUVSBM%JTBTUFST BOE$VMUVSBM 3FTQPOTFT8JMMJBNT
CVSH 7B %FQU PG "OUISPQPMPHZ $PMMFHF PG 8JMMJBN BOE .BSZ
0ĹĶŃĲĿ4ĺĶŁĵ "OUIPOZ )ļĳĳĺĮĻ 4VTBOOBI. 	FET
 ƉƑƑƑćF"OHSZ &BSUI %JTBT
UFS JO "OUISPQPMPHJDBM 1FSTQFDUJWF /FX :PSL 3PVUMFEHF
0ĹĶŃĲĿ4ĺĶŁĵ "OUIPOZ Ɗƈƈƌ ićFPSJ[JOH 7VMOFSBCJMJUZ JO B (MPCBMJ[FE 8PSME "
1PMJUJDBM &DPMPHJDBM 1FSTQFDUJWFw *O #BOLPČ (SFH 'SFSLT (FPSHF )JMIPSTU ćFB
	FET
 .BQQJOH 7VMOFSBCJMJUZ %JTBTUFST %FWFMPQNFOU BOE 1FPQMF -POEPO 4UFSMJOH
7" &BSUITDBO 1VCMJDBUJPOT QQ ƉƈoƊƌ
5ĮĴŀļĹı $ISJTUJBO ƊƈƉƋB i%JF ESFJGBDIF ,BUBTUSPQIF WPN.ÊS[ ƊƈƉƉ VOE EJF BMUFSOEF
(FTFMMTDIBę JO 5ʪIPLVw *O "TJBUJTDIF 4UVEJFO ƎƏ 	Ɗ
 QQ ƎƈƉoƎƊƌ
5ĮĴŀļĹı $ISJTUJBO ƊƈƉƋC +BQBO &JO -ÊOEFSQPSUSÊU #FSMJO $I -JOLT 7FSMBH
5ĮĻĮĸĮ :VLJ ƊƈƉƉ iAćF 1FBDFGVM 6TF PG /VDMFBS &OFSHZ 'VLVTIJNB BOE)JSPTIJNBw
*O ćF "TJB1BDJĕD +PVSOBM Ƒ 	ƉƐ
 http://www.japanfocus.org/-yuki-tanaka/3521 	BD
DFTTFE /PWFNCFS Ɗƍ ƊƈƉƍ

:ļŀĵĶļĸĮ )JUPTIJ ƉƑƑƑ i'PSNJOH B /VDMFBS 3FHJNF BOE *OUSPEVDJOH $PNNFSDJBM
3FBDUPSTw *O /BLBZBNB 4IJHFSV (PUʪ ,VOJP :PTIJPLB )JUPTIJ 	FET
 " 4PDJBM
)JTUPSZ PG 4DJFODF BOE 5FDIOPMPHZ JO $POUFNQPSBSZ +BQBO 3PBE UP 4FMG3FMJBODF ƫƳƯƬ
o ƫƳƯƳ .FMCPVSOF 5SBOT 1BDJĕD 1SFTT QQ ƐƈoƉƊƌ
ƉƊ


Introduction:

Diaspora and Disaster

3/11 as a Starting Point of Connecting both Fields of Research

Fleischhauer, Jens

Latrouite, Anja

Osswald, Rainer

Degree Expressions at the Syntax-Semantics Interface

Gibbs, Raymond W.

Experimental and Corpus Studies on Embodied Metaphoric Meaning

Bresnier, Niko

Diasporas: Communities of Practice, Economies of Affect

Mourning for whom and why? 3/11 and the Japanese in Düsseldorf, Germany

Walravens, Tine

“Even if it is Just a Little Help for the Victims from the Distant Belgium”: Japanese Nationals in Belgium and the 3/11 Triple Disaster

Not a member yet