Saber UCV - Catálogo de Revistas Electrónicas (Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad Central de Venezuela)
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Susceptibilidad a la Colistina en bacilos Gram negativos multirresistentes: Colistin susceptibility in multiresistant gram-negative bacilli
No full textIntroducción: La Colistina (CL) es un antimicrobiano que actúa sobre la membrana de las bacterias gramnegativas y se prescribe como agente de último recurso para el tratamiento de infecciones por microorganismos multidrogo resistentes (MDR). Objetivo: Valoración de la susceptibilidad a la CL en aislados MDR, recuperados en el Dpto. de Microbiología, de marzo 2020 a abril 2023. Métodos: Estudio de tipo descriptivo de cepas MDR, detectadas por métodos fenotípicos, provenientes de diferentes muestras recibidas en el laboratorio, tanto de pacientes hospitalizados en la institución como de otros centros de salud. Se realizó el ensayo por el método de elución de discos a la Colistina, interpretado según puntos de corte del Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI por su nombre y siglas en inglés) y European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST por su nombre y siglas en inglés). Resultados: Se obtuvieron 65 cepas MDR, de las cuales 26 se aislaron en muestras de secreciones de piel y tejidos blandos. El microorganismo predominante fue Pseudomonas aeruginosa (28), seguido de Klebsiella pneumoniae (20). Cincuenta y ocho aislados fueron productoras de carbapenemasas, de las cuales 42 eran metalo-ß-lactamasas (11 NDM, 5 VIM y 26 sin caracterizar), 9 tipo KPC y 7 OXA. Siete cepas presentaron otros mecanismos de resistencia. Según CLSI: 58 (89 %) fueron categorizadas intermedio y 7 (11 %) resistentes; y de acuerdo con EUCAST: 59 (91 %) sensibles y 6 (9 %) resistentes. Conclusión: En la muestra estudiada, el mecanismo de resistencia más común fue la producción de carbapenemasas tipo metalo-ß-lactamasas. La colistina podría ser incluida en el antibiograma de rutina en pacientes con infecciones producidas por bacterias MDR, debido al porcentaje de susceptibilidad elevado; esto permitiría su elección cuando otros antimicrobianos no son útiles en el tratamiento de cepas resistentes.
Summary
Introduction: Colistin (CL) is an antimicrobial that acts on the membrane of Gram-negative bacteria and is prescribed as a last resort agent for the treatment of infections by multidrug-resistant (MDR) microorganisms. Objective: Assessment of susceptibility to CL in MDR isolates recovered in the Microbiology Department from March 2020 to April 2023. Methods: Descriptive study of MDR strains, detected by phenotypic methods, from different samples received by the laboratory, both from hospitalized patients in the institution and from other health centers. The assay was performed by the Colistin disk elution method, interpreted according to the breakpoints of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) and the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST). Results: A total of 65 MDR strains were obtained, of which 26 were isolated from skin and soft tissue secretions. The predominant microorganism was Pseudomonas aeruginosa (28), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (20). Fifty-eight isolates were carbapenemase producers, of which 42 were metallo-ß- lactamases (11 NDM, 5 VIM, and 26 uncharacterized), 9 KPC type, and 7 OXA. Seven strains presented other resistance mechanisms. According to CLSI: 58 (89 %) were categorized as intermediate and 7 (11 %) as resistant; and according to EUCAST: 59 (91 %) susceptible and 6 (9 %) resistant. Conclusion: In the sample studied, the most common resistance mechanism was the production of metallo-ß-lactamase carbapenemases. Colistin could be included in the routine antibiogram in patients with infections caused by MDR bacteria, due to the high susceptibility rate; this would allow its selection when other antimicrobials are not useful in treating resistant strains.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.54868/BVI.2024.35.2.
Efecto del consumo de endulzantes sobre frecuencia, tamaño de comida y parámetros metabólicos en ratas Wistar
No full textIntroducción. El consumo de bebidas endulzadas se ha incrementado de manera alarmante en las últimas décadas, lo cual se ha asociado al desarrollo de obesidad. Al respecto, la industria alimentaria ha sustituido el uso de edulcorantes calóricos por no calóricos como una medida remedial. Objetivo. Analizar y determinar el efecto del consumo de sacarosa y stevia sobre el peso corporal, la frecuencia, tamaño de comida y bebida y parámetros metabólicos en ratas Wistar. Materiales y métodos. Se utilizaron 39 ratas macho adultas divididas en tres grupos, grupo control (CG) que tuvo disponible agua y alimento estándar, grupo sacarosa (SAG) que tuvo disponible alimento y solución de sacarosa al 8% y el grupo stevia (STG) que dispuso de alimento y solución endulzada al 0,2% durante nueve semanas a libre acceso. Se registró el consumo total de alimento, agua y solución endulzada diariamente en las semanas 1 a la 8; en la semana de línea base y la semana nueve se registró la frecuencia y tamaño de comida y bebida, el peso corporal se registró semanalmente. Posteriormente tras un ayuno de 12 horas se determinaron los niveles séricos de glucosa, insulina y leptina. Los resultados indican que el STG fue el único grupo que perdió peso corporal, tuvo menores niveles de glucosa sérica y menor consumo de alimento respecto del CG, menores niveles de leptina sérica en comparación con el SAG (p= 0,023) y frecuencia y tamaño de bebida inferior al SAG. Conclusiones. Se concluye que la stevia líquida reducen la ingesta de alimento y bebida generando un balance energético negativo y pérdida de peso corporal en ratas.
Introduction. The consumption of sweetened beverages has increased alarmingly in recent decades, which has been associated with the development of obesity. In this regard, the food industry has replaced the use of caloric sweeteners with non-caloric sweeteners as a remedial measure. Objective of this study was to analyze and determine the effect of sucrose and stevia consumption on body weight, frequency, size of meal and drink, and metabolic parameters in Wistar rats. Materials and Methods. 39 adult male rats were used, divided into three groups: control group (CG) that had water and standard food available, sucrose group (SAG) that had food and 8% sucrose solution available, and the stevia group (STG) that had food and 0.2% sweetened solution for nine weeks with free access. Total consumption of food, water, and sweetened solution was recorded daily in weeks 1 to 8; In the baseline week and week nine, the frequency and size of meal and drink were registered, body weight was registered weekly. Subsequently glucose, insulin and leptin levels were determined. Results. The results indicate that the STG lost more body weight compared to the SAG and CG, lower glucose levels and less food consumption compared to the CG, lower leptin levels compared to the SAG (p= 0.023) and frequency and size of drink. lower than SAG. Conclusions. It is concluded that liquid stevia reduces food and drink intake, generating a negative energy balance and loss of body weight in rats
Batata (Ipomoea batatas, L.) tubérculo nutritivo y saludable. Revisión
No full textIntroducción. La batata (Ipomoea batatas L.) es uno de los tubérculos más cultivado en el mundo. Su cultivo y consumo actual está enfocado en su composición nutricional y como proveedor de compuestos bioactivos para la prevención de enfermedades relacionadas a la alimentación. Objetivo. Revisar las propiedades nutricionales y funcionales de la batata, la forma de procesarla y el desarrollo de nuevos productos saludables para aumentar su consumo. Materiales y métodos. Se utilizaron varias bases de datos (ResearchGate, Academia Edu, SciELO, Latindex, Science Direct, Scopus, Pub Med) y se seleccionaron las investigaciones más representativas para cumplir los objetivos. Resultados. Los tubérculos de la batata son ricos en almidones, azucares, fibra, proteínas, vitaminas, minerales y microcomponentes bioactivos. Estudios “in vivo e in vitro” han demostrado el efecto benéfico de los antioxidantes de la batata, principalmente -caroteno y antocianinas, para prevenir o tratar algunas enfermedades. La cocción al vapor es la más eficiente en la retención de nutrientes y la obtención de harinas la forma más estable para la conservación, usos y comercialización. Del procesamiento se obtienen almidones, azúcares, colorantes, purés, bebidas, pastas y snack, casi todos saludables. Conclusiones. Tubérculos de Ipomoea batata anaranjados y morados tienen mayor contenido de compuestos bioactivos. Existen resultados positivos sobre algunas enfermedades y en su actividad anticancerígena, evaluada mediante ensayos "in vitro" e "in vivo". En humanos, aún faltan estudios de seguridad y eficacia que respalden su uso futuro y permitan el desarrollo de fármacos e investigaciones que evalúen el beneficio de los compuestos bioactivos en alimentos saludables.
Introduction. The sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) is one of the most cultivated tubers in the world. Its cultivation and current consumption are focused on its nutritional composition and as a supplier of bioactive compounds for the prevention of diseases related to feeding. Objective. To review the nutritional and functional properties of sweet potatoes, the way they are processed and the development of new healthy products to increase their consumption. Materials and methods. Several databases were used (ResearchGate, Academia Edu, SciELO, Latindex, Science Direct, Scopus, Pub Med) and the most representative research was selected to meet the objectives. Results. Sweet potato tubers are rich in starches, sugars, fiber, proteins, vitamins, minerals and bioactive micro components. “in vivo" and "in vitro” studies have shown the beneficial effect of sweet potato antioxidants, mainly -carotene and anthocyanins, to prevent or treat some diseases. Steam cooking is the most efficient in retaining nutrients and obtaining flour is the most stable form for conservation, use and marketing. Starches, sugars, dyes, purees, drinks, pastes and snacks are obtained from processing, almost all of which are healthy. Conclusions. Orange and purple sweet potato Ipomoea tubers have a higher content of bioactives compounds. There are positive results on some diseases and their anticancer activity, evaluated by “in vivo" and "in vitro” test. In humans, there is still a lack of safety and efficacy studies to support their future use and allow for the development of drugs and research that evaluate the benefit of bioactive compounds in healthy foods
Mindfulness in the Emotional Autonomy of Early Childhood. Approaches in Colombia and Ecuador: Mindfulness en la Autonomía Emocional de la Primera Infancia. Aproximaciones en Colombia y Ecuador
No full textIntroduction: It is imperative to address and intervene from an early age to mitigate the exacerbation of emotions, thereby averting potential social, familial, and academic complications. Materials and methods: This qualitative research aims to implement mindfulness as a pedagogical strategy to educate emotional autonomy in early childhood, through the socio-critical paradigm, based on the research “Action in the Classroom.” The present study was conducted with a purposive sample of 24 students from the Educational Institution of Cotopaxi (Ecuador) and 60 students from two educational institutions in Popayán, Colombia
Parenting styles and academic performance in a sample of Colombian adolescents: Estilos de crianza y rendimiento académico en una muestra de adolescentes colombianos
No full textBackground: The behavior of students in academic settings is influenced by a variety of variables that shape and impact their behavioral models, particularly in terms of academic performance; the family aspect stands out as a potential cause. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between parenting styles and the academic performance of 6th-grade students at the Tierra Santa Educational Institution in the municipality of Buenavista, Córdoba. Material and methods: A non-xperimental, quantitative approach with a correlational and cross-sectional scope was employed. The research involved 77 participants in grade 6 of the institution, to whom the parenting styles survey was administered. Information was also obtained from secondary sources, such as academic records, to assess academic performance
Psychological symptoms and resilience among Venezuelan migrants in the department of Cesar, Colombia: Síntomas psicológicos y resiliencia en migrantes venezolanos en el departamento del Cesar, Colombia
No full textOne of the most significant social phenomena in recent years in Latin America is the massive migration of Venezuelan nationals, driven by political and social factors. Colombia ranks among the countries with the highest number of Venezuelan migrants, as they share a vast border that stretches from the north, along the Guajira Peninsula, to the south, in the Amazon jungle. The report indicates that there are currently over two million migrants from the mentioned country in Colombian territory, representing only those who are legally registered to enter Colombia; the underreporting of those who arrive through unconventional methods exposes a higher figure. Many of these migrants stay in intermediate cities near the border, where the condition of binational families is observed, as is the case in the capital of the Cesar department, from which this study derives its geographical context
Percepción del apego a iguales entre estudiantes universitarios de la Amazonía peruana: Un estudio comparativo: Perception of peer attachment among university students in the Peruvian Amazon: A comparative study
No full textIntroducción: En la actualidad, el estudio del apego como vínculo emocional es determinante para comprender la adaptación de los estudiantes al entorno universitario. A través de las relaciones interpersonales, los estudiantes fortalecen su proceso de integración académica y social, lo que influye en su trayectoria universitaria y futura vida profesional. Objetivo: Comparar los niveles de apego entre los universitarios de la Amazonía peruana en relación con sus características sociodemográficas. Métodos: Se utilizó un enfoque cuantitativo, con un diseño no experimental y un alcance descriptivo-comparativo de corte transversal. La muestra estuvo conformada por 298 participantes de ambos sexos a quienes se les administró el Inventario de Apego entre Padres y Pares, un instrumento con adecuados niveles de confiabilidad y validez de contenido
Comparison of the effectiveness of dry needling and deep friction massage on trigger point size, pain level, and range of motion in low back pain patients: Comparación de la eficacia de la punción seca y el masaje de fricción profunda en el tamaño del punto gatillo, el nivel de dolor y el rango de movimiento en pacientes con dolor lumbar
No full textObjective: Low Back Pain (LBP) is a common musculoskeletal disorder causing pain, muscle spasms, and a restricted range of motion (ROM). This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Dry Needling (DN) and Deep Friction Massage (DFM) in modifying trigger point size, reducing pain, and improving range of motion (ROM) in LBP patients using a muscle ultrasonography-based approach. Methods: Thirty-two LBP patients were randomly assigned to two groups (n=16 each). The DN group received dry needling, while the DFM group underwent deep friction massage. The intervention was administered in a single session (pre–post), with a duration of approximately 20 to 30 minutes. Pain levels were assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), ROM was measured with a goniometer, and trigger point size was evaluated by ultrasonography