Bulletin of NTU "KhPI". Series: Problems of Electrical Machines and Apparatus Perfection. The Theory and Practice / Вісник Національного технічного університету "ХПІ". Серія: Проблеми удосконалювання електричних машин і апаратів. Теорія і практика
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Cosmos is a (fatalistic) state machine: Objective theory (cosmos, objective reality, scientific image) vs. Subjective theory (consciousness, subjective reality, manifest image)
No full textAs soon as you believe an imagination to be nonfictional, this imagination becomes your ontological theory of the reality. Your ontological theory (of the reality) can describe a system as the reality. However, actually this system is only a theory/conceptual-space/imagination/visual-imagery of yours, not the actual reality (i.e., the thing-in-itself). An ontological theory (of the reality) actually only describes your (subjective/mental) imagination/visual-imagery/conceptual-space. An ontological theory of the reality, is being described as a situation model (SM). There is no way to prove/disprove that there is only one reality, or there are two realities (i.e., “subjective reality” and “objective reality”). So, every ontology talk/theory/imagination about the two realities is only a talk/theory/imagination – we will never know whether it is true or not. The conventionally-called “physical/objective reality/world” around my conventionally-called “physical/objective body” is actually a geometric mathematical model (being generated/mathematically-modeled by my brain) – it's actually a subset/component/part/element of my brain’s mind/consciousness/manifest-image. Our cosmos is an autonomous objective parallel computing automaton (aka state machine) which evolves by itself automatically/unintentionally – wave-particle duality and Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle can be explained under this SM of my brain. Each elementary particle (as a building block of our cosmos) is an autonomous mathematical entity itself (i.e., a thing in itself). Our cosmos has the same nature as a Game of Life system – both are autonomous objective parallel-computing automata. Cosmos (as a state machine) is indistinguishable from a digital simulation – my consciousness (as something nonphysical) is not cosmos (as a state machine). If we are happy to accept randomness/stochasticity, then it is obviously possible that all other worlds in the many-worlds interpretation (MWI) actually do not exist (objectively). As one metaphysical option, we can treat all other worlds as subjective only (even if they are actually objective). Under the context of this metaphysical option, we are only living in one world (i.e., the world we are currently living in; this world) – we are not living in many worlds at the same time parallelly. Under the context of this metaphysical option, there is only one possible future. The relationship among any number of elementary particles, is governed/described by Schrodinger equation. If (in theory) Schrodinger equation can’t be used to reliably forecast whether I will go to McDonald for dinner in this world (based on the current state of all elementary particles of the cosmos), then what can Schrodinger equation do? The conventionally-called “space” does not exist objectively. “Time” and “matter” are not physical. Consciousness is the subjective-form (aka quale) of the mathematical models (of the objective cosmos) which are intracorporeally/subjectively used by the control logic of a Turing machine’s program fatedly. A Turing machine’s mind/consciousness/manifest-image or deliberate decisions/choices should not be able to actually/objectively change/control/drive the (autonomous or fated) worldline of any elementary particle within this world (i.e., the world we are currently living in, under the context of MWI). Besides the Schrodinger equation (or another mathematical equation/function which is yet to be discovered) which is a valid/correct/factual causality of our cosmos/state-machine, every other causality (of our cosmos/state-machine) is either invalid/incorrect/counterfactual or can be proved by deductive inference based on the Schrodinger equation (or the aforementioned yet-to-be-discovered mathematical equation/function) only. Closed causality entails no causality. Consciousness plays no causal role (“epiphenomenalism”), or in other words, any cognitive/behavioural activity can in principle be carried out without consciousness (“conscious inessentialism”). If the “loop quantum gravity” theory is correct, then time/space does not actually/objectively exist in the objective-evolution of the objective cosmos, or in other words, we should not use the subjective/mental concept of “time”, “state” or “space” to describe/imagine the objective-evolution of our cosmos
Hands-on false memories: A combined study with distributional semantics and mouse-tracking
No full textDespite mouse-tracking has been taken as a real-time window into different aspects of human decision-making processes, currently little is known about how the decision process unfolds in veridical and false memory retrieval. Here, we directly investigated these processes by predicting participants’ performance in a mouse-tracking version of a typical Deese–Roediger–McDermott (DRM) task through distributional semantic models, a usage-based approach to meaning. Participants were required to study lists of associated words and then to perform a recognition task with the mouse. Results showed that mouse trajectories were extensively affected by the semantic similarity between the words presented in the recognition phase and the ones previously studied. In particular, the higher the semantic similarity, the larger the conflict driving the choice and the higher the irregularity in the trajectory when correctly rejecting new words (i.e., the false memory items). Conversely, on the temporal evolution of the decision, our results showed that semantic similarity affects more complex temporal measures indexing the online decision processes subserving task performance. Together, these findings demonstrate that semantic similarity can affect human behavior at the level of motor control, testifying its influence on online decision-making processes. More generally, our findings complement previous seminal theories on false memory and provide insights on the impact of the semantic memory structure on different decision-making components
The Acoustic Features and Didactic Function of Foreigner Directed Speech: A literature Review.
No full textThis review considers the acoustic features of a clear speech register directed to non-native listeners known as Foreigner Directed Speech (FDS). We identify vowel hyperarticulation and low speech rate as the most representative acoustic features of FDS; other features, including wide pitch range and high intensity, are still under debate.
We also discuss factors that may influence the outcomes and characteristics of FDS. We start by examining accommodation theories (Lindblom, 1990), outlining the reasons why FDS is likely to serve a didactic function by helping listeners acquire a second language (L2). We examine how this speech register adapts to listeners’ identities and linguistic needs, suggesting that FDS also takes listeners’ L2 proficiency into account. To confirm the didactic function of FDS, we compare it to other clear speech registers, specifically Infant Directed Speech and Lombard Speech. However, our review reveals that research has not yet established whether FDS, in fact, succeeds as a didactic tool that supports L2 acquisition. Our review reveals a complex set of contextual factors that determine specific realisations of FDS, which need further exploration. We conclude our review by summarising open questions and indicating directions and recommendations for future research
Tapping into the potential of remote developmental research: introducing the OxfordBabylab app
No full textThe widespread use of mobile touchscreen devices in the home provides the opportunity to conduct remote experimental research with toddlers. We present a study aiming to investigate the feasibility and efficacy of using a mobile app for running alternative forced choice tasks with toddlers in the home. The parents of 153 toddlers aged between 12 and 36 months first completed the Oxford Communicative Development Inventory (CDI) as a measure of their child’s vocabulary, and then completed a receptive vocabulary task with their child on their own mobile device. We evaluated the feasibility in terms of completion and engagement scores and the efficacy in terms of response systematicity. Our results show that it is both feasible and effective to use parents' own mobile devices to run a study with toddlers in their home. Toddlers were successfully engaged and their responses reflected their integration of the audio-visual context presented. We also introduce our OxfordBabylab app, a cross-platform mobile app which implements a customisable template for alternative forced choice tasks
UTILIZATION OF TECHNOLOGY IN LEARNING ENGLISH IN THE PANDEMIC COVID-19
No full textThe use of technology in the learning process both inside and outside the classroom, both online and offline plays a crucial role. Technology plays a role as a medium in carrying out interactions between lecturers as teachers and students as students in the application of learning, especially online learning during the Covid-19 pandemic. Technology plays an important role in facilitating lecturers in preparing learning materials so that the process can take place even if not face to face. However, the process of implementing online learning does not escape from various obstacles, and the biggest obstacle that is a challenge for learning practitioners is related to the readiness of facilities and the ability of lecturers to use learning technology applications. The implementation of training related to the use of technology applications in learning can be a solution in facing some of the challenges of online learning during the Covid-19 pandemi
Spry_Preventing postpartum depression_Preprint
No full textPostnatal depression (PND) is common and predicts a range of adverse maternal and offspring outcomes. PND rates are highest amongst women with persistent mental health problems before pregnancy, and antenatal healthcare provides ideal opportunity to intervene. We examined antenatal perceived social support as a potential intervention target in preventing PND symptoms among women with prior mental health problems. A total of 398 Australian women (600 pregnancies) were assessed repeatedly for mental health problems before pregnancy (ages 14-29 years, 1992-2006), and again during pregnancy, 2 months postpartum, and 1 year postpartum (2006-2014). Causal mediation analysis found that intervention on perceived antenatal social support has the potential to reduce rates of PND symptoms by up to 3% (from 15% to 12%) in women with persistent preconception symptoms. Supplementary analyses found that the role of low antenatal social support was independent of concurrent antenatal depressive symptoms. Combined, these two factors mediated up to more than half of the association between preconception mental health problems and PND symptoms. Trialing dual interventions on antenatal depressive symptoms and perceived social support represents one promising strategy to prevent PND in women with persistent preconception symptoms. Interventions promoting mental health before parenthood may yield greater reduction in PND symptoms by disrupting a developmental cascade of risks via these and other pathways
What is a Minimal Clinically Important Difference for Clinical Trials in Patients with Disorders of Consciousness? A novel probabilistic approach
No full textOver the last 30 years, there has been a growing trend in clinical trials towards assessing novel interventions not only against the benchmark of statistical significance, but also with respect to whether they lead to clinically meaningful changes for patients. In the context of Disorders of Consciousness (DOC), despite a growing landscape of experimental interventions, there is no agreed standard as to what counts as a minimal clinically important difference (MCID). In part, this issue springs from the fact that, by definition, DOC patients are either unresponsive (i.e., in a Vegetative State; VS) or non-communicative (i.e., in a Minimally Conscious State; MCS), which renders it impossible to assess any subjective perception of benefit, one of the two core aspects of MCIDs. Here, we develop a novel approach that leverages published, international diagnostic guidelines to establish a probability-based minimal clinically important difference (pMCID), and we apply it to the most validated and frequently used scale in DOC: the Coma Recovery Scale – Revised (CRS-R). This novel method is objective (i.e., based on published criteria for patient diagnosis) and easy to recalculate as the field refines its agreed criteria for diagnosis. We believe this new approach can help clinicians determine whether observed changes in patients' behavior are clinically important, even when patients cannot communicate their experiences, and can align the landscape of clinical trials in DOC with the practices in other medical fields
Some like it sharp: Song familiarity influences musical preference for absolute tuning
No full textListening to music is an enjoyable activity for most individuals, yet the factors that relate to aesthetic preferences are not completely understood. In the present paper, we investigate whether the absolute tuning of music influences listener evaluations of music. Across three experiments, participants rated musical excerpts, tuned conventionally (A4 = 440 Hz) versus unconventionally (± 50 cents from conventional tuning), in terms of aesthetic preference. In Experiment 1, participants rated single MIDI piano excerpts on each trial in terms of liking, interest, and unusualness. In Experiments 2 and 3, participants heard two versions of the same excerpt on each trial, only differing in terms of tuning, and made a forced-choice judgment as to which version they preferred. Experiment 2 used the same piano excerpts as Experiment 1, whereas Experiment 3 introduced both highly familiar and unknown song excerpts by professional recording artists. Overall, the results suggest that absolute tuning influences aesthetic preferences under limited circumstances. Although there was no strong evidence for tuning influencing judgments in either Experiments 1 or 2, we found a robust effect in Experiment 3 depending on the familiarity of the recording. Whereas participants clearly preferred the conventionally tuned version for highly familiar recordings, they tended to prefer the version that was highest in absolute pitch if the recording was unfamiliar. Overall, these results suggest that absolute tuning can influence musical preferences, although the specific nature of the effect depends on familiarity
”My Soul Got a Little Bit Cleaner”: Art Experience in Videogames
No full textVideogames receive increasing acclaim as a medium capable of artistic expression, emotional resonance, and even transformative potential. Yet while discussions concerning the status of games as art have a long history in games research, little is known about the player experience (PX) of games as art, their emotional characteristics, and what impact they may have on players. Drawing from Empirical Aesthetics, we surveyed 174 people about whether they had an art experience with videogames and what emotions they experienced. Our findings showcase the prominence of epistemic emotions for videogame art experiences, beyond the negative and mixed emotional responses previously examined, as well as the range of personal impacts such experiences may have. These findings are consistent with art experience phenomena characteristic of other art forms. Moreover, we discuss how our study relates to prior research on emotions and reflection in PX, the importance of games' representational qualities in art experiences, and identify lines of further inquiry. All data, study materials, and analyses are available at https://osf.io/ryvt6/?view_only=965fa2fd34dc4f728685fe865f09b44
Word learning in 14-month-old monolinguals and bilinguals: Challenges and methodological opportunities
No full textInfants can learn words in their daily interactions early in life, and many studies have demonstrated that they can also learn words from brief in-lab exposures. While most studies have included monolingual infants, less is known about bilingual infants’ word learning and the role that language familiarity plays in this ability. In this study we examined word learning in a large sample (up to N = 155) of bilingual and monolingual 14-month-olds using a preferential looking paradigm. To support word learning, novel words were presented within sentence frames in one language (single-language condition) or two languages (dual-language condition). We predicted that infants would exhibit greater word–object learning when they were more familiar with the language of the sentence frame. Using both traditional (t-tests) and updated (linear mixed-effects models) analyses, we found no evidence for successful word learning, nor an effect of familiarity. Our results suggest that word learning in experimental settings can be challenging for 14-month-olds, even when sentence frames are provided. We discuss these results in relation to prior work and suggest how open science practices can contribute to more reliable findings about early word learning