Bulletin of NTU "KhPI". Series: Problems of Electrical Machines and Apparatus Perfection. The Theory and Practice / Вісник Національного технічного університету "ХПІ". Серія: Проблеми удосконалювання електричних машин і апаратів. Теорія і практика
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The mathematical nature of the universe and consciousness: the universe is a collection of self-driven mathematical entities; consciousness is a Turing machine’s subjective mathematical model of the objective universe
No full textHumans are limited in what they know by the technical limitation of their cortical language network. A reality is a situation model. The universe is a collection of self-driven mathematical entities. If we are happy to accept randomness, it’s obviously possible that all other so-called “worlds” in the many-worlds interpretation don’t exist objectively. From the viewpoint of an imagined external observer (who is located somewhere outside of all worlds), in all worlds, every self-driven elementary particle is changing its state to match its fated state, together form a single fated self-driven state machine; the so-called “subjective reality” (aka the so-called “subjective conscious experience”) is actually the use of a mathematical model (MM) by a Turing machine (TM). The so-called “subjective reality” shouldn’t be able to alter/impact the fated world line of any elementary particle within this world. Except one objective MM which is a fitted MM of the objective reality, every other causality is not an objective MM but a Granger causality, and is an under-fitted MM of the objective reality
Human social organization during the Late Pleistocene: Beyond the nomadic-egalitarian model
No full textMany researchers assume that until 10-12,000 years ago, humans lived in small, mobile, relatively egalitarian bands composed mostly of kin. This “nomadic-egalitarian model” informs evolutionary explanations of behavior and our understanding of how contemporary societies differ from those of our evolutionary past. Here, we synthesize research challenging this model and propose an alternative, the diverse histories model, to replace it. We outline the limitations of using recent foragers as models of Late Pleistocene societies and the considerable social variation among foragers commonly considered small-scale, mobile, and egalitarian. We review ethnographic and archaeological findings covering 34 world regions showing that non-agricultural peoples often live in groups that are more sedentary, unequal, large, politically stratified, and capable of large-scale cooperation and resource management than is normally assumed. These characteristics are not restricted to extant Holocene hunter-gatherers but, as suggested by archaeological findings from 27 Middle Stone Age sites, likely characterized societies throughout the Late Pleistocene (until c. 130 ka), if not earlier. These findings have implications for how we understand human psychological adaptations and the broad trajectory of human history
Innovation and the Public Service: Facilitating Inclusive Industrial and Social Development
No full textA growing number of public servants are involved in activities aimed at supporting industrial and social innovation in their regions, whether by firms, academia, civil society or community-based organisations. But what capabilities and legitimacy do government officials and their agencies have to engage meaningfully with these innovation actors? Much of the current research highlights significant friction between the open, agile behaviour needed to support innovation and the inertia of established bureaucratic procedures and attitudes. A common response is that the public sector needs to be ‘de-bureaucratised’. Through a case study of South Africa, this chapter seeks to provide a more nuanced picture of the capacities and routines that are important for enabling innovation. This is done by highlighting (1) the significant diversity of public organisations and officials influencing industrial and social innovation; (2) the reasons why certain procedures and practices are in place; and (3) potential adjustments through which innovation support can be improved, including how it can better serve inclusive development goals. This analysis is an initial attempt to profile the distinctive characteristics of innovation enablers in the public sector, and provides a framework for identifying routines through which innovation and inclusive development outcomes may be achieved
Management of cerebral hemorrhage resulting from the side effect of mRNA vaccines
No full textA short perspective
Managers' Productivity and Recruitment in the Public Sector
No full textGovernments face many constraints in attracting talented managers to the public sector, where high-powered incentives are often absent. In this paper, we study how a civil service reform in Chile changed the effectiveness of a vital group of public sector managers: school principals. First, we estimate principal effectiveness using an extension of the canonical teacher value-added model. Then, we evaluate the effect of the reform on principal effectiveness using a difference-in-differences approach. We find that public schools appoint more effective managers and improve their students’ outcomes after increasing the competitiveness and transparency of their selection process
Both a bioweapon and a hoax: The curious case of contradictory conspiracy theories about COVID-19
No full textAmidst the flow of conspiracy theories (CTs) about the COVID-19 pandemic, many were logically incompatible. We aimed to map the psychological profile of their endorsers. Upon pretesting for familiarity and logical incompatibility, we choose eight pairs of contradictory COVID-19 CTs. Across three studies, a substantial portion of respondents (40%-42%) endorsed at least one pair. In Study 1 (N = 290), conspiracy mentality and doublethink, but not preference for consistency, meaningfully related to endorsement of contradictory CTs; doublethink contributed over and above other predictors. In two following studies we introduced indicators of superficial (Study 2; N = 281) and analytical (Study 3; N=170) information-processing as predictors. The endorsers of contradictory CTs were more intuitive, prone to ontological confusions and pseudo-profound bullshit, less rational and less actively open-minded; doublethink again added to the prediction. We end by suggesting how the interventions should be tailored to address people with such distinct information-processing style
Reverse engineering language acquisition with child-centered long-form recordings
No full textLanguage use in everyday life can be studied using lightweight, wearable recorders that collect long-form recordings - that is, audio (including speech) over whole days. The hardware and software underlying this technique is increasingly accessible and inexpensive, and these data are revolutionizing the language acquisition field. We first place this technique into the broader context of the current ways of studying both the input being received by children and children’s own language production, laying out the main advantages and drawbacks of long-form recordings. We then go on to argue that a unique advantage of long-form recordings is that they can fuel realistic models of early language acquisition that use speech to represent children's input and/or to establish production benchmarks. To enable the field to make the most of this unique empirical and conceptual contribution, we outline what this reverse engineering approach from long-form recordings entails, why it is useful, and how to evaluate success
Idiosyncratic use of bottom-up and top-down information leads to differences in speech perception flexibility: Converging evidence from ERPs and eye-tracking
No full textListeners generally categorize speech sounds in a gradient manner. However, recent work, using a visual analogue scaling (VAS) task, suggests that some listeners show more categorical performance, leading to less flexible cue integration and poorer recovery from misperceptions (Kapnoula et al., 2017, 2021). We asked how individual differences in speech gradiency can be reconciled with the well-established gradiency in the modal listener, showing how VAS performance relates to both Visual World Paradigm and EEG measures of gradiency. We also investigated three potential sources of these individual differences: inhibitory control; lexical inhibition; and early cue encoding. We used the N1 ERP component to track pre-categorical encoding of Voice Onset Time (VOT). The N1 linearly tracked VOT, reflecting a fundamentally gradient speech perception; however, for less gradient listeners, this linearity was disrupted near the boundary. Thus, while all listeners are gradient, they may show idiosyncratic encoding of specific cues, affecting downstream processing
The Phenomenological Control Scale: Measuring the capacity for creating illusory nonvolition, hallucination and delusion.
No full textPhenomenological control is the ability to generate experiences to meet expectancies. There are stable trait differences in this ability, as shown by responses to imaginative suggestions of, for example, paralysis, amnesia, and auditory, visual, gustatory and tactile hallucinations. Phenomenological control has primarily been studied within the context of hypnosis, in which suggestions are delivered following a hypnotic induction. Reports of substantial relationships between phenomenological control in a hypnotic context (hypnotisability) and experimental measures (e.g., the rubber hand illusion) suggest the need for a broad investigation of the influence of phenomenological control in psychological experiments. However, hypnosis is not required for successful response to imaginative suggestion. Because misconceptions about the hypnotic context may influence hypnotisability scores, a non-hypnotic scale which better matches the contextual expectancies of other experiments and avoids the hypnotic context is potentially better suited for such investigation. We present norms for the Phenomenological Control Scale (PCS), an adaptation of the Sussex Waterloo Scale of Hypnotisability (SWASH) which is free of the hypnotic context. Mean scores for the PCS are higher than for SWASH, and the subjective scales of PCS and SWASH show similar reliability. The PCS subjective scale is a reliable tool for measuring trait response to imaginative suggestion (i.e., phenomenological control) outside the context of hypnosis
Lateralised attentional disruption and resource conservation in persistent depression and anhedonia
No full textAnhedonia – a pervasive loss of interest or enjoyment in relation to previously valued stimuli - is a central feature of clinical depression. A series of studies investigated alterations in perceptual sensitivity and attention, and their relation to anhedonia, in participants with persistent depressive illness in comparison to healthy controls. Study 1 measured perceptual sensitivity in the somatic and auditory modalities while minimising attentional influences. Study 2 maximised attentional influences to assess their impact on perceptual sensitivity in the same modalities. Perceptual sensitivity did not differ between groups in either study. Both studies found evidence of lateralised attentional deficits suggestive of subtle left-sided neglect in the depressed samples. In both studies, lateralised attentional deficits were associated with anhedonia above and beyond depression severity. Study 3 demonstrated through simulation that a single lateralised attentional lapse model could predict the key outcomes in both empirical studies, and additionally demonstrated the plausibility of a resource conservation strategy as a data-generating process among depressed participants. In conclusion, the studies support the novel insight that anhedonia may be related to disruptions in brain networks subserving stimulus-driven attention, with a potential contribution of resource conservation strategies that reduce access to precise sensory information