Bulletin of NTU "KhPI". Series: Problems of Electrical Machines and Apparatus Perfection. The Theory and Practice / Вісник Національного технічного університету "ХПІ". Серія: Проблеми удосконалювання електричних машин і апаратів. Теорія і практика
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Can EU Judicial Intervention Increase Polity Scepticism? Quasi-Experimental Evidence from Spain
No full textThe mantra of “take back control” has become a staple of eurosceptics across the European Union. At the centre of the slogan’s message is a call to arms against the (perceived) challenge that EU membership represents for national sovereignty. In this paper, we theorise that supranational decisions taken by the European Court of Justice can increase ‘polity scepticism’ - increased opposition to the EU and decreased satisfaction with national democracy – by cueing citizens regarding the effects of EU integration on the perception of diluted sovereignty. Empirically, we leverage quasi-experimental evidence to support our theory, establishing that ECJ rulings have a significant causal effect on euroscepticism and dissatisfaction with democracy. The implications of our findings suggest that EU institutions seeking to ensure compliance with the rule of law and EU norms should proceed with caution. Interventionist action may backfire by increasing scrutiny of the EU’s legitimacy and undermining polity support
Suicidality and Treatment Experience Among Young People Who Inject Drugs
No full textBackground. We examined correlates of past year suicidal thoughts and behavior (STB) and described past year treatment experiences among young people who inject drugs (PWID). Methods. Participants were 570 adults (18-25 years) who injected primarily heroin. Interviews were conducted at field stations operated by Community Outreach Intervention Projects in Chicago, Illinois (USA). Interviewers administered the Psychiatric Research Instrument for Substance and Mental Disorders. Substance use and mental disorders were based on DSM-IV diagnostic criteria. Past year STB was based on multiple questions. Results. Sixteen percent of men and 25% of women reported STB in the past year. In multivariable analysis, STB was associated with non-heterosexual orientation, foster care, and being raised by two parents. Primary major depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, other anxiety disorders, and borderline personality disorder had independent effects on suicidality. Among those reporting past year STB (n=111), 83% ever received mental health treatment, while 44% did so in the past year. While 24% of respondents indicated that at least one treatment matched their needs very well, 30% reported treatment that did not match their needs at all. The most common reason for ending treatment was program completion (about 50%) while getting better was endorsed by about 25%. Nearly half reported ending treatment due to a bad experience, logistical issues, or expense. Conclusions. Young PWID are at high risk for suicidal behavior and their mental health treatment experiences often do not meet their needs. There is a pressing need for more integrated substance use and mental health treatment
Critiquing Barrett’s How emotions are made
No full textIn this essay, I review Barrett's How emotions are made
r2mlm: An R Package Calculating R-Squared Measures for Multilevel Models
No full textMultilevel models are used ubiquitously in the social and behavioural sciences and effect sizes are critical for contextualizing results. A general framework of R-squared effect size measures for multilevel models has only recently been developed. Rights and Sterba (2019) distinguished each source of explained variance for each possible kind of outcome variance. Though researchers have long desired a comprehensive and coherent approach to computing R-squared measures for multilevel models, the use of this framework has a steep learning curve. The purpose of this tutorial is to introduce and demonstrate using a new R package – r2mlm – that automates the intensive computations involved in implementing the framework and provides accompanying graphics to visualize all multilevel R-squared measures together. We use accessible illustrations with open data and code to demonstrate how to use and interpret the R package output
The Role of Cognitive Reappraisal and Expectations in Dealing with Social Feedback
No full textWhereas emotion regulation (ER) in response to distressing events is widely studied, the mechanisms underlying adaptive ER while anticipating these events are still unknown. In this study, we investigated how ER strategies and expectation influence (1) individuals’ anticipatory and online processing of self-relevant events, and (2) their affective response to them. Sixty-one healthy female participants were exposed to bogus positive and negative social feedback under reappraisal and watch instructions (no regulation). During the anticipatory period, participants were either expecting negative feedback or they had no expectation regarding the valence of the upcoming self-relevant feedback. Hence, negative feedback was, respectively, expected or unexpected. Participants’ affective responses were collected via self-report and electromyographic activity over the corrugator muscle. Results showed that participants’ negative affect (based on both self reports and EMG) was reduced by the instructions to reappraise as compared to the watch condition. Yet, such beneficial effect of reappraisal was: 1) not observed during the anticipation phase; and 2) less effective when social feedback was expected (as compared to not expected) prior to its presentation. Possibly, cognitive reappraisal might be less able to overcome the influence of negative forecasting of self-relevant negative emotional stimuli. Research findings are discussed in light of potential mechanisms underlying impaired adaptive emotion regulation in patients vulnerable for mood disorders
CERDIK SEPERTI ULAR DAN TULUS SEPERTI MERPATI: BERDASARKAN MATIUS 10:16B
No full textArtikel ini membahas tentang studi eksegesis terhadap ungkapan, “cerdik seperti
ular dan tulus seperti merpati” dalam Matius 10:16b, dengan tujuan agar makna
yang sesungguhnya dari ungkapan tersebut diperoleh dan oleh para pelayan dapat
menerapkan dalam pelayanan. Penelitian ini dikembangkan dengan menggunakan
pendekatan kualitatif yang secara spesifik merujuk kepada studi eksegesis. Melalui
studi apparatus, analisis dan sintaksis, serta studi narasi interpretative terhadap
teks Matius 10:16b, penulis menemukan bahwa ungkapan tersebut mengacu kepada
upaya menghadapi tantangan dalam pelayanan yang ditandai bahwa para pelayan
sepatutnya memiliki hikmat dan integritas sehingga pekabaran dan pewartaan
kerajaan Allah dapat terwujud dan tercapai
Palestinian Attitudes Towards Settlers in the West Bank
No full textWe present survey data from 1,573 West Bank Palestinians with which we estimate that the average Palestinian lives 14 km (UI 11 to 18 km) from the closest Israeli settlement. We also show with this data that while Palestinians in general hold negative attitudes towards settlers in the West Bank, Palestinians living in closer proximity to a settlement report more neutral attitudes towards settlers. Multivariate analysis shows that this effect appears to be driven by social and professional contact: Palestinians who have interacted with a settler or worked in a settlement present more positive attitudes towards settlers while distance loses its ability to predict attitudes. Since the onset of the COVID-19 global pandemic, the majority of respondents stated that they have lost either a job or a business from COVID-related restrictions, suggesting that this positive contact effect could dissipate as Palestinians have less reason to interact with Israelis
Windows of Repression: Using COVID-19 Policies against Political Dissidents?
No full textWhat explains the great variation in the adoption, timing, and duration of government policies made in response to the COVID-19 pandemic? In this paper, we explore whether government incentives to repress domestic dissidents influence their responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. We argue that containment policies are observationally equivalent to those that abusive governments would use to limit domestic dissent --- i.e., policies that restrict citizen's freedom of movement. This creates an opportunity for abusive governments to engage in repressive behavior without countervailing pressure from citizens and the international community. Following this logic, we expect abusive governments to be more likely to adopt restrictive policies, adopt them earlier in the course of the pandemic, and take longer to relax restrictions. Empirically, we find that governments that have recently engaged in state violence against civilians or abused citizens' human rights were about 10 percent more likely to enact lockdown and curfew policies, and these policies were implemented approximately 48 days earlier in the course of the pandemic and kept in place for approximately 23 more days than less repressive countries. Overall, our results advance our understanding of how the repressiveness of state institutions can shape policy responses to a global health crisis
God's Mind on Morality
No full textMost research on cognition behind religious belief assumes understanding of other minds is culturally uniform and follows the Western model of mind, which posits (a) others’ thoughts can be known, and (b) action is best explained by mental state inference. This is potentially problematic if, as a growing body of evidence suggests, other populations view minds differently. We recruit Indigenous iTaukei Fijians who hold 1) a model of mind that discourages mental state inference and 2) co-existing Christian (Western) and traditional supernatural agent beliefs. Study 1 (N=108), uses free-listing to examine how Western and local models of mind relate to beliefs. The Christian God cares about internal states and traits (aligning with the Western model of mind). Study 2 tests whether evoking God triggers intent focus in moral reasoning. Instead, God appears to enforce cultural models of mind in iTaukei (N=151) and North Americans (N=561). Expected divine judgment mirrors human judgment; iTaukei (N=90) expect God to emphasize outcome, while Indo-Fijians (N=219) and North Americans (N=412) expect God to emphasize intent. When reminded to think about thoughts, iTaukei (N=72) expect God to judge outcomes less harshly. Results suggest cultural/ cognitive co-evolution: introduced cultural forms can spread new cognitive approaches, while Indigenous beliefs can persist as a reflection of local institutions
An Energizing Role for Motivation in Information-Seeking During the Early Phase of the COVID- 19 Pandemic
No full textThe COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of understanding and managing information seeking behavior. Information-seeking in humans is often viewed as irrational rather than utility maximizing. Here, we hypothesized that this apparent disconnect between utility and information-seeking is due to a latent third variable, motivation. We quantified information-seeking, learning, and COVID-19-related concern (which we used as a proxy for motivation regarding COVID-19 and the changes in circumstance it caused) in a US-based sample (n = 5376) during spring 2020. We found that self-reported levels of COVID-19 concern were associated with directed seeking of COVID-19-related content and better memory for such information. Interestingly, this specific motivational state was also associated with a general enhancement of information-seeking for content unrelated to COVID-19. These effects were associated with commensurate changes to utility expectations and were dissociable from the influence of non-specific anxiety. Thus, motivation both directs and energizes epistemic behavior, linking together utility and curiosity