Bulletin of NTU "KhPI". Series: Problems of Electrical Machines and Apparatus Perfection. The Theory and Practice / Вісник Національного технічного університету "ХПІ". Серія: Проблеми удосконалювання електричних машин і апаратів. Теорія і практика
Not a member yet
24116 research outputs found
Sort by
The Effect of Social Anxiety on Threat Acquisition and Extinction: A Systematic Review
No full textAlthough exposure-based therapy has been found to be effective at alleviating symptoms of social anxiety disorder, it often does not lead to full remission, and relapse after treatment is common. Exposure therapy is based on theoretical principles of extinction of conditioned fear responses. However, there are inconsistencies in findings across experiments that have investigated the effect of social anxiety on threat conditioning and extinction processes. This systematic review aimed to examine whether elevated levels of social anxiety are associated with abnormalities in threat conditioning and extinction processes. A second aim was to examine the sensitivity of various study designs and characteristics to detect social anxiety-related differences in threat conditioning and extinction. A systematic search was conducted, which identified fifteen experiments for inclusion in the review. The findings did not demonstrate compelling evidence that high levels of social anxiety are associated with atypical threat conditioning or extinction. Further, there was no convincing support that the use of a particular psychophysiological measure, subjective rating, or experimental parameter yields more consistent associations between social anxiety and conditioning processes. Future work in the laboratory should examine how compromised cognitive processes and avoidance behaviours, specifically related to social anxiety, affect the renewal of social fear after extinction learning to inform approaches to exposure-based treatments for social anxiety disorder
Rancangan Khotbah Sederhana
No full textTema kita pada minggu ini ialah “Saksi Itu Mempertaruhkan Hidup”. Sehingga jika berangkat dalam logika tema ini, kemungkinan besar bahwa ada seorang jemaat Kristus pada akhir-akhir ini yang tidak lagi setia menjadi seorang saksi Kristus. Mungkin saja oleh karena beratnya tekanan hidup, mengalami banyak tantangan atau lebih tertarik pada perkara dunia. Seperti halnya dalam cerita (2 Timotius. 4: 10) mengisahkan seorang pelayan Kristus yang meninggalkan pelayanannya oleh karena ia (Demas) lebih mencintai dunia dibanding Kristus.
Secara sederhana “Seorang Saksi Kristus” haruslah (Mengikuti jejak-Nya) setiap waktu dan sampai selamanya. Setiap orang yang telah ditebuh oleh Kristus secara langsung telah terlibat dalam Panggilan Gereja yaitu menjadi saksi (1 Pet. 2: 9). Kehadiran saksi-saksi Kristus ditengah dunia akan menjadi terang. Terang yang mengubah setiap manusia.
Salah satu “Panggilan Gereja” ialah menjadi SAKSI dan BERSINAR bagi dunia. Dan hal itu haruslah dimulai dari keluarga kita. GEREJA yang kuat dan dewasa adanya kehidupan jemaat yang (1) Hanya suka memberi (2) Rajin pelayanan (3) Rajin ibadah, Dll. Tapi GEREJA yang kuat dan dewasa juga haruslah RAJIN BERSAKSI. Karena Fondasi gereja yang kuat terletak pada (Iman, Persekutuan, Pelayanan, Kesaksian Hidu
Pavlov’s Buzz? Mobile Vibrations as Conditioned Rewards
No full textPeople spend a large portion of their day interacting with vibrating mobile devices, yet how we respond to the vibrotactile sensations emitted by these devices, and their effect on consumer decision-making is largely unknown. Integrating recent work on haptic sensory processing and classical conditioning, the current research examines: (1) the relationship between vibration duration and reward response, (2) to what extent rewarding vibrations modify consumer decision-making, and (3) the underlying mechanism of this effect. We find that mobile vibrations of intermediate length (400ms) evoke a reward response, particularly among younger and more impulsive consumers, which in turn boosts purchasing in ecological online shopping environments. We examine mobile vibration in a variety of experimental settings, drawing on a diverse participant pool, leveraging both controlled experiments and a large, country-wide field experiment to assess theoretically- and practically-important boundary conditions. We further examine the mechanism of this effect, providing direct evidence that vibrations influence consumers due to classical conditioning, such that vibrations become rewarding due to their learned association with positive mobile events. Our findings have important implications for the effective design of haptic interfaces in marketing and the role of mobile vibration stimuli as a novel form of reward
Good in Theory: A Metatheoretical Review of Social Psychological Theories of Human Sexuality
No full textThe fields of social psychology and sexual science have an intuitive and growing connection, with social psychology’s tradition of theory generation poised to enrich the psychological study of the sexual. For those interested in applying social psychological theories to topics of sexuality, however, there are questions regarding the features, qualities, and strengths and weaknesses of social psychology’s theoretical offerings. We therefore conducted a comprehensive metatheoretical review of social psychology theories applicable to sexuality (n = 44). In doing so, we (i)promote a deeper understanding of the current state of social psychology theory (ii)provide original theory maps to streamline future theory testing (iii)evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of current social psychology theories. Our review finds existing social psychology theory to present a range of clarity with regards to theory definition, theory applicability, and testability. We interpret our results as encouragement for the pursuit of contemporary methods of theorizing in social psychology
A Psychological Account of the Unique Decline in Anti-Gay Attitudes
No full textAnti-gay attitudes have declined in the U.S. The magnitude, speed, and demographic scope of this change have been impressive especially in comparison with prejudice against other marginalized groups. We develop a philosophically-informed psychological account of the unique decline in anti-gay bias in the context of important cultural and political conditions. We highlight two key psychological mechanisms: interpersonal connection and social category classification. First, many people have discovered that a close friend, family member, or admired individual is gay, motivating them to identify the harm and discrimination faced by the individual they know, and catalyzing moral consistency reasoning such that they generalize this interpersonal insight to strangers. Second, many people have taken an essentialist stance toward social categories, including sexual orientation, leading them to infer that being gay is genetically determined and not subject to free choice or moral responsibility, nor mutable and worth attempting to change. We contrast this with the relationship between essentialism and attitudes toward women and people of color, and provide an account of the difference. This psychological account has implications for the future decline of anti-gay attitudes, in the U.S. and other countries, along with the nascent decline of anti-trans attitudes
Unequal but Balanced: Highly educated mothers’ perceptions of work-life balance during the COVID-19 lockdown in Finland and the Netherlands
No full textOne year after passage of the European work-life balance directive, and thus recognition of the need for policy support, measures to slow the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic are shaping parents’ work-life balance in significant ways. Academically, we are challenged to explore whether existing theoretical frameworks hold in this new environment with combined old and new policy frameworks. We are also challenged to understand the nuanced ways in which the first lockdown affects the combination of paid work and care. We address both of these issues, providing a cross-sectional comparative analysis of highly educated mothers’ perceptions of work-life balance during the COVID-19 pandemic in Finland and the Netherlands. Our findings show that highly educated Finnish mothers have more difficulty combining work and care during the first lockdown than Dutch mothers. The absence of state-provided care during the lockdown creates greater difficulty for full-time working Finnish mothers in a dual-earner/state-carer system than an absence of such care in the Dutch one-and-a-half earner system, where most mothers work part-time. Further analyses suggest variation in part-time and (nearly) full-time hours mitigates the work-life balance experiences of highly educated Dutch mothers. We discuss these findings in light of current theoretical frameworks and highlight avenues for future research
Chuyên san Dạy và Học - Số 30 - Gắn kết
No full textSớm thôi, 2020 sẽ khép lại, mở ra những kỳ vọng và mong ước tươi sáng, đầy ắp cho 2021. Trước sự chuyển giao đó, ta hãy cùng làm một tổng kết nhỏ xinh. Dạy và học đến nay đã được 30 số. Riêng năm qua có 130 bài, đâu đó 400-500 trang viết do những tình nguyện viên gửi gắm. Tuy vẫn còn nhiều hạn chế, nhưng Dạy và học vẫn hy vọng mang tới được cho các thầy cô chút chất keo giúp gắn kết lý thuyết với thực hành, hàn chặt kỳ vọng vào thực tế.
Với chủ đề “Gắn kết”, kỳ này, chuyên san sẽ xoay quanh câu chuyện tạo dựng những mối quan hệ có ảnh hưởng mật thiết với việc học tập của học sinh.
Trước hết là mối quan hệ giữa thầy và trò. Để có được sự kết nối với học trò, giáo viên cần có một phương pháp sư phạm tốt. Bài “Thiết kế phổ quát cho học tập” và “Trẻ sẽ học tập tốt hơn nếu không phải ngồi yên một chỗ” sẽ giúp giáo viên hình thành những tiết dạy tôn trọng sự khác biệt của mỗi cá nhân học sinh. Tiếp đó là kỷ luật và giao tiếp tích cực trong lớp học, giáo viên cần có một sự phân định rõ giữa “… kỷ luật và trừng phạt”, đồng thời, giữ được sự trao đổi thường xuyên với học sinh. Bài “Xây dựng những mối liên hệ thông qua những bức thư tay” sẽ đem tới vài gợi ý bổ ích cho bạn.
Với câu chuyện xây dựng mối quan hệ tốt với phụ huynh, bạn có thể tham khảo bài “Gặp gỡ phụ huynh: vượt qua dòng nước cuốn” để tìm kiếm gợi ý giúp bạn tháo gỡ nút thắt với một vài trường hợp khó khăn. Ngoài ra, các bài: “Hiểu về sư phạm theo một cách đơn giản”, “Thay vì coi “thất bại” như là một điều tích cực, tại sao không sử dụng những từ tích cực?” là những vấn đề đơn giản mà chúng ta có thể chủ động hành, nhằm xây dựng sự thống nhất chung giữa thầy cô và cha mẹ và đem tới sự phối hợp đồng thời từ hai phía
A snapshot of educational research in 2020: Where is the Rod of Asclepius for Education?
No full textWithout a doubt, 2020 is a peculiar year. The Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused people breakdown, school closure, city lockdown, healthcare systems scrambled. There is a global disruption in the education sector, and it seems like the education systems worldwide have to enforce educational reforms regardless of whether they have prepared. Many schools have to implement what they have planned for years within a few weeks due to the disease. Although this leads to uncountable and unimaginable challenges, one can still grab the opportunity to thrive, try new teaching and learning methods, and new ways of communication or new looks into educational institutions. Even though the pandemic is far from over and we were not yet able to find out the proper medical plan to secure our humanity from the “positive for COVID-19”, there are positive signals that we can find the Rod of Asclepius for educational concerns. As Gandhi said: “Adversity is the mother of progress”, we can see the quote imprinted in reality with amazing inventions from students, teachers, educators and valuable publications from scholars around the world, targeting a new normal state and probably a new future
Undergraduates’ Perception of Library Service Quality and Value in the 21st-Century in Southeast Nigeria: A Case Study
No full textThe purpose of this study is to explore the undergraduates’ perception of the quality and value of library services offered to them in the 21st-century in federal universities in Southeast Nigeria. Prof. Festus Aghagbo Nwako Library (PFANL) in Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka was used as a case study. A descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. From a population of 14,196 registered regular undergraduates’ users of the library, a sample of 120 was selected through an accidental sampling technique. From the 120 questionnaires distributed, 103 copies received were valid, 17 responses were either incomplete or not answered, and so, the efficient rate was 85.8 percent. The study employed the use of two instruments which include: observation checklist, used to ascertain the available library services, and a questionnaire used to elicit users’ perception of library service quality and value. The instruments were face validated by two experts in Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka. The internal consistency of the instrument on library services used by the undergraduates was established using Kudder-Richardson which yielded 0.86 while Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used for the undergraduates’ perception of quality and value of library services offered to them which yielded 0.78 and 0.81 respectively. Frequency count, percentage, mean and standard deviation using SPSS, were used to analyze data from research questions, t-test was used to test hypotheses. The major findings revealed that the undergraduates have a positive perception of the quality of library services offered to them at Prof. Festus Aghagbo Nwako Library (PFANL). However, they had a negative perception of the quality of computer/Internet services and reprographic services offered to them. This shows that these two services should immensely be improved upon in this 21st-century. The study equally shows that undergraduates have high value for library services offered to them. Nevertheless, they have low value on computer/internet services and reprographic services which are most needed in this 21st-century. The finding also revealed the host of impediments that affects high perception of library services quality and value in this 21st century at PFANL to include; insufficient current information resources, an unfriendly attitude of staff, slow internet connectivity, limited access, insufficient availability of modern facilities, insufficient training on technology use and unsteady power supply. The finding further revealed that there is no significant difference in the mean rating of males and female's perception of the quality and value of library service offered to them at PFANL. Based on the findings, it was recommended among others that the library management at PFANL should sustain undergraduates’ level of perceived library quality and value, and boost it by providing continuously, relevant and current information resources and services especially on the aspect of computer/Internet services and reprographic services suitable in this 21st-century
Dynamical Cognitive Modeling of Syntactic Processing and Eye Movement Control in Reading
No full textIntegrating eye-movement control and sentence processing would mark an important step forward for mathematical models of natural language processing. We present an integrated approach by combining the SWIFT model of eye-movement control (Engbert et al., 2005) with key components of the LV05 (Lewis & Vasishth, 2005) parser. The integrated generative model can reproduce reading time patterns that have been explained in terms of similarity-based interference in the psycholinguistic literature. A crucial problem for such complex models is parameter estimation. We build upon recent advances on successful parameter identification in dynamical models, investigate likelihood profiles for single parameters, and present pilot results on MCMC sampling within a Bayesian framework of parameter inference