Bulletin of NTU "KhPI". Series: Problems of Electrical Machines and Apparatus Perfection. The Theory and Practice / Вісник Національного технічного університету "ХПІ". Серія: Проблеми удосконалювання електричних машин і апаратів. Теорія і практика
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The Wisdom of the Coherent: Improving Correspondence with Coherence-Weighted Aggregation
No full textPrevious research shows that variation in coherence (i.e., degrees of respect for axioms of probability calculus), when used as a basis for performance-weighted aggregation, can improve the accuracy of probability judgments. However, many aspects of coherence-weighted aggregation remain a mystery, including both prescriptive issues (e.g., how best to use coherence measures) and theoretical issues (e.g., why coherence-weighted aggregation is effective). Using data from six experiments in two earlier studies (N = 58, N = 2,858) employing either general knowledge or statistical information-integration tasks, we addressed many of these issues. Of prescriptive relevance, we examined the effectiveness of coherence-weighted aggregation as a function of judgment elicitation method, group size, weighting function, and the bias of the function’s tuning parameter. Of descriptive relevance, we propose that coherence-weighted aggregation can improve accuracy via two distinct, task-dependent routes: a causal route in which the bases for scoring accuracy depend on conformity to coherence principles (e.g., Bayesian information integration) and a diagnostic route in which coherence serves as a cue to correct knowledge. The findings provide support for the efficacy of both routes, but they also highlight why coherence weighting, especially the most biased forms, sometimes imposes costs to accuracy. We conclude by sketching a decision-theoretic approach to how aggregators can sensibly leverage the wisdom of the coherent within the crowd
The Western Threat to the Lebanese Provinces during the Egyptian Era
No full textMuhammad Ali Pasha, Wāli of Egypt, served the Ottoman Empire admirably both in Arabia and Morea, fighting the Wahhābis and the Greek revolutionaries. He hoped that in return, the Sultanate would reward him with another Eyalet to rule alongside Egypt, but that never happened. Since Muhammad Ali had far-reaching political ambitions, he decided to annex the Levant due to its strategic, economic and demographic importance. So he took advantage of the turmoil and the state of weakness that the Ottoman Empire was going through, and sent an army to the Levant, conquering it with ease, forcing the Sultan to recognize this new situation due to European Pressures, and in order to maintain peace throughout the Empire. Muhammad Ali Pasha’s annexation of the Levant resulted in its exposure to many dangers as a result of the increase in Western interference in its internal affairs, which in return was the result of Muhammad Ali Pasha’s alliance with France, whose influence increased consequently in the Levant under the Pasha’s rule. This prompted the rest of the European powers to work on preserving their interests in the region, which had a long term negative effect on the Ottoman Sultanate and its subjects
Context in Continuity: The Enduring Legacy of Neighborhood Disadvantage Across Generations
No full textNeighborhoods may contribute to the maintenance of inequality in well-being across generations. We use 35 years of restricted geo-coded NLSY 1979 and NLSY Children and Young Adults data to estimate the association between multigenerational exposure to childhood neighborhood disadvantage and subsequent adult exposure. Invoking cousin fixed effects models that adjust for unobserved legacies of disadvantage that cascade across generations, we find that families where both parents and their children are exposed to childhood neighborhood disadvantage are likely to pass on the legacy of neighborhood disadvantage to successive generations, net of observed and unobserved confounders. Second, we find a direct intergenerational neighborhood association, net of observed and unobserved confounders. Third, we find that unobserved confounders nested in previous generations explain away the intragenerational neighborhood association. These findings reorient neighborhood theory to more seriously attend to the interdependence of neighborhood level and individual level antecedents of inequality across generations
Evolution of Human Intelligence: Psychological Science for a Better World
No full textWhat might be the fundamental psychology of intelligence naturally selected in biological evolution to minimize, prevent, and cure social and personal issues like war, crime, commit suicide, homicide, theft, drug addictions, and so on? How to achieve a higher level of well-being? I found a primary cognitive limiting factor called mind viruses (MV)(more than 3000) which regresses intelligence and well-being and makes the grand delusion: remedies are healthy mind viruses(HMV)(3000). Here, I show the disclosed core of early Buddhist teachings (on learning, training the mind, and behavior on the 8-fold psychological course psychologically 'program' for better (intelligent) decisions. A theoretical 3D graph might represent the state of evolution of intelligence, nature, nurture, X-ultra quantum unique consciousness particle (X-UQUPC), and psychological well-being with the psychological time of a person. To this hypothesis, if the afterlife occurs, the natural selection of vacant zygote/early embryo neurons of the next life and their quality might depend on the finally evolved X-ultra quantum genomic particle of consciousness (X-UQGPC). Therefore, the quality, including the species of the new life and its nurture in the universe/s, depends on the quality of the finally evolved X-UQGPC. Such natural selection of a new nurturing environment for future (promising)life might be uncertain and, therefore, a high risk of finding a life-consciousness in great nature and nurture. However, there may be more mysterious issues to be solved in future research; therefore, the article might not discuss a theory of everything on the central theme
PENGARUH MOTIVASI DAN KOMPENSASI TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN PADA CV. JAYA BAKERY DI BANDAR LAMPUNG.
No full textPermasalahan yang dirumuskan adalah, Apakah Motivasi berpengaruh terhadap kinerja karyawan, Apakah kompensasi berpengaruh terhadap kinerja karyawan, Apakah Motivasi dan kompensasi secara bersama-sama berpengaruh terhadap kinerja karyawan. Tujuan dalam penelitian adalah Untuk menganalisis menurunnya kinerja karyawan CV Jaya Bakery yang dipengaruhi oleh Motivasi dan kompensasi, dan Sebagai sumbangan pemikiran kepada pihak perusahaan dalam rangka berusaha meningkatkan kinerja karyawan. Populasi dalam penelitian adalah karyawan di CV Jaya Bakery yang berjumlah 40 orang responden. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner. Uji validitas dan realibelitas dalam penelitian menggunakan Spss versi 17 berstatus valid dan reliabel. Metode yang digunakan adalah Regresi linier berganda, Uji t dan Uji F. Hasil analisis Regresi linier berganda yaitu: Y= 9,609 + 0,435X1 + 0,315X2. Pengujian Hipotesis Motivasi terhadap kinerja karyawan dengan taraf signifikansi 5% yaitu dk = n-k maka dk = 40-3 = 37, thitung 3,847 > ttabel 2,026 artinya Ha diterima dan H0 ditolak, artinya terdapat pengaruh yang positif dan signifikan antara variabel Motivasi dengan kinerja karyawan. Pengujian Hipotesis kompensasi terhadap kinerja karyawan dengan taraf signifikansi 5% terdapat pengaruh antara Motivasi dengan kinerja karyawan. Pengujian Hipotesis F dengan taraf 5% yaitu F hitung (38,917) > F tabel (3,32), artinya Ho ditolak dan Ha diterima. Artinya Motivasi dan Kompensasi secara bersama- sama berpengaruh terhadap Kinerja Karyawan. Dengan demikian hipotesis penelitian yang dinyatakan dalam penelitian ini dapat diterima, berarti variabel Motivasi dan kompensasi berpengaruh terhadap kinerja karyawan di CV Jaya Bakery
The importance of gravity for the categorization of geometrical objects
No full textAll objects occupy different positions in space and can also differ in terms of their orientation, sense, size, and shape. Here, we ask the question of how people spontaneously categorize geometrical objects. We propose that people consider objects’ physical properties when categorizing them. Our new theory assumes that a critical factor guiding object categorization is the interaction between objects’ geometrical features and gravity. In 3D contexts, gravity endows some geometrical features (e.g., orientation) with more informativeness because they predict differences in objects’ levels of energy (i.e., their gravitational potential energy). Consequently, some geometrical objects (e.g., objects with different orientations) can be considered as being of different “physical” kinds. We predict and show across several behavioral studies that humans are more likely to generalize information between objects of the same physical kind than between objects of a different physical kind. For 2D contexts, we predict and show that people treat differences in objects’ geometrical features more equally because objects in 2D contexts are deprived of physical properties. Our findings confirm the central role that gravity plays in how people categorize geometrical objects in different contexts
The impact of bilingualism on social attentional preferences in autistic children
No full textResearch suggests that autistic children show reduced attentional preferences to social stimuli early in development, and these differences have consequences in a range of social and language domains. One factor that could positively influence development in those same processes is dual language exposure. Although there are a handful of studies focusing on the impact of bilingualism on language and executive functions in autistic children, no research to date has focused on the relationship with social attention and cognition. This study investigated the impact of bilingual exposure on social attention in autistic children (n = 33) and their neurotypical peers (n = 42). Children completed a previously-validated eye-tracking task in which visual attention (dwell time) to interacting versus non-interacting human figures was measured, and correlations between social attention preference and broader social and language skills were conducted. Contrary to previous research, patterns of visual attention did not distinguish autistic and neurotypical children, with both groups showing a preference for interacting figures. Although direct effects of bilingual exposure were not found, it is possible that this finding was driven by compensatory effects of bilingual exposure. Correlations between social attention and social skills were observed
Do typological differences in the expression of causality influence preschool children's causal event construal?
No full textThis study investigated whether crosslinguistic differences in the expression of causality influence causal conceptualization of observed events in 3- to 4-year-old Swiss-German-learners and Turkish-learners. In Swiss-German, causality is mainly expressed lexically (e.g., schniidä “to cut”). In Turkish, causality is expressed both lexically, and morphologically with a verbal suffix (e.g., yemek “to eat” vs. yeDIRmek “to feed”). Moreover, unlike Swiss-German, Turkish allows argument ellipsis (e.g. “Mary pushed”). We used pseudo-verbs to test if and how well Swiss children inferred a causal meaning from lexical constructions compared to Turkish children tested in three conditions: lexical, morphological, and morphological constructions with object ellipsis. Swiss children and Turkish children in all three conditions reliably inferred causal meanings, and did so to a similar extent. The findings suggest that children as young as age 3 make use of the specific features of how their native language expresses causality to infer causal meanings
Integral order RF and microwave photonic based signal processors using Kerr soliton crystal micro-combs
No full textSoliton crystal micro-combs are powerful tools as sources of multiple wavelength channels for radio frequency (RF) signal processing. They offer a compact device footprint, large numbers of wavelengths, very high versatility, and wide Nyquist bandwidths. Here, we demonstrate integral order RF signal processing functions based on a soliton crystal micro-comb, including a Hilbert transformer and first- to third-order differentiators. We compare and contrast results achieved and the tradeoffs involved with varying comb spacing, tap design methods, as well as shaping methods
EEG alpha and theta signatures of socially and non-socially cued working memory in virtual reality
No full textIn this preregistered study (https://osf.io/s4rm9) we investigated the behavioural and neurological (EEG; alpha (attention) and theta (effort)) effects of dynamic non-predictive social and non-social cues on working memory. In a virtual environment realistic human-avatars dynamically looked to the left or right side of a table. A moving stick served as a non-social control cue. Kitchen items were presented in the valid cued or invalid un-cued location for encoding. Behavioural findings showed a similar influence of the cues on working memory performance. Alpha power changes were equivalent for the cues during cuing and encoding, reflecting similar attentional processing. However, theta power changes revealed different patterns for the cues. Theta power increased more strongly for the non-social cue compared to the social cue during initial cuing. Further, while for the non-social cue there was a significantly larger increase in theta power for valid compared to invalid conditions during encoding, this was reversed for the social cue, with a significantly larger increase in theta power for the invalid compared to valid conditions, indicating differences in the cues’ effects on cognitive effort. Therefore, while social and non-social attention cues impact working memory performance in a similar fashion, the underlying neural mechanisms appear to differ